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Olivero G, Taddeucci A, Vallarino G, Trebesova H, Roggeri A, Gagliani MC, Cortese K, Grilli M, Pittaluga A. Complement tunes glutamate release and supports synaptic impairments in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38369641 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To deepen our knowledge of the role of complement in synaptic impairment in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, we investigated the distribution of C1q and C3 proteins and the role of complement as a promoter of glutamate release in purified nerve endings (synaptosomes) and astrocytic processes (gliosomes) isolated from the cortex of EAE mice at the acute stage of the disease (21 ± 1 day post-immunization). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH EAE cortical synaptosomes and gliosomes were analysed for glutamate release efficiency (measured as release of preloaded [3 H]D-aspartate ([3 H]D-ASP)), C1q and C3 protein density, and for viability and ongoing apoptosis. KEY RESULTS In healthy mice, complement releases [3 H]D-ASP from gliosomes more efficiently than from synaptosomes. The releasing activity occurs in a dilution-dependent manner and involves the reversal of the excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs). In EAE mice, the complement-induced releasing activity is significantly reduced in cortical synaptosomes but amplified in cortical gliosomes. These adaptations are paralleled by decreased density of the EAAT2 protein in synaptosomes and increased EAAT1 staining in gliosomes. Concomitantly, PSD95, GFAP, and CD11b, but not SNAP25, proteins are overexpressed in the cortex of the EAE mice. Similarly, C1q and C3 protein immunostaining is increased in EAE cortical synaptosomes and gliosomes, although signs of ongoing apoptosis or altered viability are not detectable. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results unveil a new noncanonical role of complement in the CNS of EAE mice relevant to disease progression and central synaptopathy that suggests new therapeutic targets for the management of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alice Taddeucci
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Vallarino
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Hanna Trebesova
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Roggeri
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliani
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, Cellular Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Katia Cortese
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, Cellular Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, 3Rs Center, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Olivero G, Roggeri A, Pittaluga A. Anti-NMDA and Anti-AMPA Receptor Antibodies in Central Disorders: Preclinical Approaches to Assess Their Pathological Role and Translatability to Clinic. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14905. [PMID: 37834353 PMCID: PMC10573896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies against NMDA and AMPA receptors have been identified in the central nervous system of patients suffering from brain disorders characterized by neurological and psychiatric symptoms. It has been demonstrated that these autoantibodies can affect the functions and/or the expression of the targeted receptors, altering synaptic communication. The importance to clarify, in preclinical models, the molecular mechanisms involved in the autoantibody-mediated effects has emerged in order to understand their pathogenic role in central disorders, but also to propose new therapeutic approaches for preventing the deleterious central consequences. In this review, we describe some of the available preclinical literature concerning the impact of antibodies recognizing NMDA and AMPA receptors in neurons. This review discusses the cellular events that would support the detrimental roles of the autoantibodies, also illustrating some contrasting findings that in our opinion deserve attention and further investigations before translating the preclinical observations to clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFar), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (G.O.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessandra Roggeri
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFar), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (G.O.); (A.R.)
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, 3Rs Center, Department of Pharmacy (DiFar), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16145 Genoa, Italy
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Bonfiglio T, Olivero G, Merega E, Di Prisco S, Padolecchia C, Grilli M, Milanese M, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Bonanno G, Marchi M, Pittaluga A. Correction: Prophylactic versus Therapeutic Fingolimod: Restoration of Presynaptic Defects in Mice Suffering from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292584. [PMID: 37788283 PMCID: PMC10547186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170825.].
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Roggeri A, Olivero G, Usai C, Vanmierlo T, Pittaluga A. Presynaptic Release-Regulating Sphingosine 1-Phosphate 1/3 Receptors in Cortical Glutamatergic Terminals: Adaptations in EAE Mice and Impact of Therapeutic FTY720. Cells 2023; 12:2343. [PMID: 37830557 PMCID: PMC10571862 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study provides evidence of the existence of presynaptic inhibitory sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1R) and facilitatory S1P3R in cortical nerve endings (synaptosomes) of healthy mice. The conclusion relies on the findings that (i) the S1P1R agonist CS-2100 (0.1-30 nM) inhibits the 12 mM KCl-evoked glutamate exocytosis (quantified as the release of [3H]D-aspartate) while the S1P3R allosteric agonist CYM-5541 potentiates it and (ii) these effects are inhibited by the S1P1R antagonist Ex 26 (30-300 nM) and the S1P3R antagonist TY-52156 (100-1000 nM), respectively. Confocal microscopy and western blot analysis confirmed the presence of S1P1R and S1P3R proteins in cortical glutamatergic synaptosomes, which were scarcely accessible to biotin in a biotinylation study. Then, we demonstrated that S1P1R and S1P3R densities and their release activity are amplified in cortical synaptosomes of mice suffering from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), despite receptors maintain their preferential internal distribution. Receptor changes recover following chronic oral therapeutic FTY720 (0.03 mg/Kg/day). These results improve our knowledge of the role of presynaptic release-regulating S1P1Rs and S1P3Rs controlling glutamate transmission in the CNS also unravelling functional adaptations during EAE that recover following chronic FTY720. In a whole, these findings provide new information on the central neuroprotectant activities of FTY720.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Roggeri
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFar), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (A.R.); (G.O.)
| | - Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFar), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (A.R.); (G.O.)
| | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Hasselt University, B-3590 Hasselt, Belgium;
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFar), Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, 3Rs Center, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16145 Genoa, Italy
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Pittaluga A, Grilli M, Olivero G. Progress in metamodulation and receptor-receptor interaction: from physiology to pathology and therapy. Neuropharmacology 2023:109639. [PMID: 37343628 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The organization and the role of receptor-receptor interaction (RRI) and metamodulation in physiological conditions have been extensively analyzed and discussed. In this Special Issue of Neuropharmacology, we review recent advances in the understanding of the RRI and the mechanisms underlying its adaptation that could be relevant to the etiopathogenesis of central neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as to the development of new therapeutic approaches to control the activity and to restore the physiological functions, posing the basis for new targeted pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 16148 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16145 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
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Olivero G, Grilli M, Marchi M, Pittaluga A. Metamodulation of presynaptic NMDA receptors: New perspectives for pharmacological interventions. Neuropharmacology 2023; 234:109570. [PMID: 37146939 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Metamodulation shifted the scenario of the central neuromodulation from a simplified unimodal model to a multimodal one. It involves different receptors/membrane proteins physically associated or merely colocalized that act in concert to control the neuronal functions influencing each other. Defects or maladaptation of metamodulation would subserve neuropsychiatric disorders or even synaptic adaptations relevant to drug dependence. Therefore, this "vulnerability" represents a main issue to be deeply analyzed to predict its aetiopathogenesis, but also to propose targeted pharmaceutical interventions. The review focusses on presynaptic release-regulating NMDA receptors and on some of the mechanisms of their metamodulation described in the literature. Attention is paid to the interactors, including both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, transporters and intracellular proteins, which metamodulate their responsiveness in physiological conditions but also undergo adaptation that are relevant to neurological dysfunctions. All these structures are attracting more and more the interest as promising druggable targets for the treatment of NMDAR-related central diseases: these substances would not exert on-off control of the colocalized NMDA receptors (as usually observed with NMDAR full agonists/antagonists), but rather modulate their functions, with the promise of limiting side effects that would favor their translation from preclinic to clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 16148, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Mario Marchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 16148, Genoa, Italy
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Micheli L, Toti A, Lucarini E, Ferrara V, Ciampi C, Olivero G, Pittaluga A, Mattoli L, Pelucchini C, Burico M, Lucci J, Carrino D, Pacini A, Pallanti S, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C. Efficacy of a vegetal mixture composed of Zingiber officinale, Echinacea purpurea, and Centella asiatica in a mouse model of neuroinflammation: In vivo and ex vivo analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:887378. [PMID: 36118773 PMCID: PMC9472218 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.887378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is a key pathological event of many diseases affecting the nervous system. It has been well recognized that these devastating illnesses (e.g., Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, depression, and chronic pain) are multifactorial, involving many pathogenic mechanisms, reason why pharmacological treatments are unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a vegetal mixture capable of offering a multiple approach required to manage the multifactoriality of neuroinflammation. A mixture composed of Zingiber officinale (150 mg kg−1), Echinacea purpurea (20 mg kg−1), and Centella asiatica (200 mg kg−1) was tested in a mouse model of systemic neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg kg−1). Repeated treatment with the vegetal mixture was able to completely counteract thermal and mechanical allodynia as reported by the Cold plate and von Frey tests, respectively, and to reduce the motor impairments as demonstrated by the Rota rod test. Moreover, the mixture was capable of neutralizing the memory loss in the Passive avoidance test and reducing depressive-like behavior in the Porsolt test, while no efficacy was shown in decreasing anhedonia as demonstrated by the Sucrose preference test. Finally, LPS stimulation caused a significant increase in the activation of glial cells, of the central complement proteins and of inflammatory cytokines in selected regions of the central nervous system (CNS), which were rebalanced in animals treated with the vegetal mixture. In conclusion, the vegetal mixture tested thwarted the plethora of symptoms evoked by LPS, thus being a potential candidate for future investigations in the context of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Laura Micheli,
| | - Alessandra Toti
- Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lucarini
- Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Ferrara
- Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Clara Ciampi
- Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luisa Mattoli
- Innovation and Medical Science Division, Aboca SpA Società Agricola, Sansepolcro, Italy
| | - Caroline Pelucchini
- Innovation and Medical Science Division, Aboca SpA Società Agricola, Sansepolcro, Italy
| | - Michela Burico
- Innovation and Medical Science Division, Aboca SpA Società Agricola, Sansepolcro, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lucci
- Innovation and Medical Science Division, Aboca SpA Società Agricola, Sansepolcro, Italy
| | - Donatello Carrino
- Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pacini
- Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Pallanti
- Psychiatry Section, Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Institute of Neuroscience, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Fagiani F, Baronchelli E, Pittaluga A, Pedrini E, Scacchi C, Govoni S, Lanni C. The Circadian Molecular Machinery in CNS Cells: A Fine Tuner of Neuronal and Glial Activity With Space/Time Resolution. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:937174. [PMID: 35845604 PMCID: PMC9283971 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.937174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian molecular machinery is a fine timekeeper with the capacity to harmonize physiological and behavioral processes with the external environment. This tight-knit regulation is coordinated by multiple cellular clocks across the body. In this review, we focus our attention on the molecular mechanisms regulated by the clock in different brain areas and within different cells of the central nervous system. Further, we discuss evidence regarding the role of circadian rhythms in the regulation of neuronal activity and neurotransmitter systems. Not only neurons, but also astrocytes and microglia actively participate in the maintenance of timekeeping within the brain, and the diffusion of circadian information among these cells is fine-tuned by neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine, serotonin, and γ-aminobutyric acid), thus impacting on the core clock machinery. The bidirectional interplay between neurotransmitters and the circadian clockwork is fundamental in maintaining accuracy and precision in daily timekeeping throughout different brain areas. Deepening the knowledge of these correlations allows us to define the basis of drug interventions to restore circadian rhythms, as well as to predict the onset of drug treatment/side effects that might promote daily desynchronization. Furthermore, it may lead to a deeper understanding of the potential impacts of modulations in rhythmic activities on the pace of aging and provide an insight in to the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fagiani
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Baronchelli
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFar), School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, 3Rs Center, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Scacchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Centro 3R (Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research), Italy
- *Correspondence: Cristina Lanni
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Olivero G, Cisani F, Marimpietri D, Di Paolo D, Gagliani MC, Podestà M, Cortese K, Pittaluga A. The Depolarization-Evoked, Ca 2+-Dependent Release of Exosomes From Mouse Cortical Nerve Endings: New Insights Into Synaptic Transmission. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:670158. [PMID: 34366842 PMCID: PMC8339587 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether exosomes can be actively released from presynaptic nerve terminals is a matter of debate. To address the point, mouse cortical synaptosomes were incubated under basal and depolarizing (25 mM KCl-enriched medium) conditions, and extracellular vesicles were isolated from the synaptosomal supernatants to be characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, and flow cytometry analyses. The structural and biochemical analysis unveiled that supernatants contain vesicles that have the size and the shape of exosomes, which were immunopositive for the exosomal markers TSG101, flotillin-1, CD63, and CD9. The marker content increased upon the exposure of nerve terminals to the high-KCl stimulus, consistent with an active release of the exosomes from the depolarized synaptosomes. High KCl-induced depolarization elicits the Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of glutamate. Interestingly, the depolarization-evoked release of exosomes from cortical synaptosomes also occurred in a Ca2+-dependent fashion, since the TSG101, CD63, and CD9 contents in the exosomal fraction isolated from supernatants of depolarized synaptosomes were significantly reduced when omitting external Ca2+ ions. Differently, (±)-baclofen (10 µM), which significantly reduced the glutamate exocytosis, did not affect the amount of exosomal markers, suggesting that the GABAB-mediated mechanism does not control the exosome release. Our findings suggest that the exposure of synaptosomes to a depolarizing stimulus elicits a presynaptic release of exosomes that occurs in a Ca2+-dependent fashion. The insensitivity to the presynaptic GABAB receptors, however, leaves open the question on whether the release of exosomes could be a druggable target for new therapeutic intervention for the cure of synaptopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Cisani
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Danilo Marimpietri
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Paolo
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, DIMES, Human Anatomy Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marina Podestà
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Katia Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, DIMES, Human Anatomy Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, 3Rs Center, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Busceti CL, Ginerete RP, Di Menna L, D'Errico G, Cisani F, Di Pietro P, Imbriglio T, Bruno V, Battaglia G, Fornai F, Monn JA, Pittaluga A, Nicoletti F. Behavioural and biochemical responses to methamphetamine are differentially regulated by mGlu2 and mGlu3 metabotropic glutamate receptors in male mice. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108692. [PMID: 34217776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors) shape mechanisms of methamphetamine addiction, but the individual role played by the two subtypes is unclear. We measured methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and motor responses to single or repeated injections of methamphetamine in wild-type, mGlu2-/-, and mGlu3-/-mice. Only mGlu3-/-mice showed methamphetamine preference in the CPP test. Motor response to the first methamphetamine injection was dramatically reduced in mGlu2-/-mice, unless these mice were treated with the mGlu5 receptor antagonist, MTEP. In contrast, methamphetamine-induced sensitization was increased in mGlu3-/-mice compared to wild-type mice. Only mGlu3-/-mice sensitized to methamphetamine showed increases in phospho-ERK1/2 levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and free radical formation in the NAc and medial prefrontal cortex. These changes were not detected in mGlu2-/-mice. We also measured a series of biochemical parameters related to the mechanism of action of methamphetamine in naïve mice to disclose the nature of the differential behavioural responses of the three genotypes. We found a reduced expression and activity of dopamine transporter (DAT) and vesicular monoamine transporter-2 in the NAc and striatum of mGlu2-/-and mGlu3-/-mice, whereas expression of the DAT adaptor, syntaxin 1A, was selectively increased in the striatum of mGlu3-/-mice. Methamphetamine-stimulated dopamine release in striatal slices was largely reduced in mGlu2-/-, but not in mGlu3-/-, mice. These findings suggest that drugs that selectively enhance mGlu3 receptor activity or negatively modulate mGlu2 receptors might be beneficial in the treatment of methamphetamine addiction and associated brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Valeria Bruno
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Genova, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, Roma, Italy.
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Olivero G, Vergassola M, Cisani F, Roggeri A, Pittaluga A. Presynaptic Release-regulating Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors: An Update. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 18:655-672. [PMID: 31775600 PMCID: PMC7457419 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191127112339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors represent the largest family of glutamate receptors in mammals and act as fine tuners of the chemical transmission in central nervous system (CNS). In the last decade, results concerning the expression and the subcellular localization of mGlu receptors further clarified their role in physio-pathological conditions. Concomitantly, their pharmacological characterization largely improved thanks to the identification of new compounds (chemical ligands and antibodies recognizing epitopic sequences of the receptor proteins) that allowed to decipher the protein compositions of the naive receptors. mGlu receptors are expressed at the presynaptic site of chemical synapses. Here, they modulate intraterminal enzymatic pathways controlling the migration and the fusion of vesicles to synaptic membranes as well as the phosphorylation of colocalized receptors. Both the control of transmitter exocytosis and the phosphorylation of colocalized receptors elicited by mGlu receptors are relevant events that dictate the plasticity of nerve terminals, and account for the main role of presynaptic mGlu receptors as modulators of neuronal signalling. The role of the presynaptic mGlu receptors in the CNS has been the matter of several studies and this review aims at briefly summarizing the recent observations obtained with isolated nerve endings (we refer to as synaptosomes). We focus on the pharmacological characterization of these receptors and on their receptor-receptor interaction / oligo-dimerization in nerve endings that could be relevant to the development of new therapeutic approaches for the cure of central pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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12
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Pittaluga A. Presynaptic release-regulating NMDA receptors in isolated nerve terminals: A narrative review. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1001-1017. [PMID: 33347605 PMCID: PMC9328659 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of presynaptic, release‐regulating NMDA receptors in the CNS has been long matter of discussion. Most of the reviews dedicated to support this conclusion have preferentially focussed on the results from electrophysiological studies, paying little or no attention to the data obtained with purified synaptosomes, even though this experimental approach has been recognized as providing reliable information concerning the presence and the role of presynaptic release‐regulating receptors in the CNS. To fill the gap, this review is dedicated to summarising the results from studies with synaptosomes published during the last 40 years, which support the existence of auto and hetero NMDA receptors controlling the release of transmitters such as glutamate, GABA, dopamine, noradrenaline, 5‐HT, acetylcholine and peptides, in the CNS of mammals. The review also deals with the results from immunochemical studies in isolated nerve endings that confirm the functional observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacology (DIFAR), School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3Rs Center, University of Genova, Italy.,San Martino Hospital IRCCS, Genova, Italy
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13
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Marrocco J, Verhaeghe R, Bucci D, Di Menna L, Traficante A, Bouwalerh H, Van Camp G, Ghiglieri V, Picconi B, Calabresi P, Ravasi L, Cisani F, Bagheri F, Pittaluga A, Bruno V, Battaglia G, Morley-Fletcher S, Nicoletti F, Maccari S. Maternal stress programs accelerated aging of the basal ganglia motor system in offspring. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100265. [PMID: 33344718 PMCID: PMC7739146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress involved in the programming of stress-related illnesses can have a toxic influence on the functioning of the nigrostriatal motor system during aging. We examined the effects of perinatal stress (PRS) on the neurochemical, electrophysiological, histological, neuroimaging, and behavioral correlates of striatal motor function in adult (4 months of age) and old (21 months of age) male rats. Adult PRS offspring rats showed reduced dopamine (DA) release in the striatum associated with reductions in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) cells and DA transporter (DAT) levels, with no loss of striatal dopaminergic terminals as assessed by positron emission tomography analysis with fluorine-18-l-dihydroxyphenylalanine. Striatal levels of DA and its metabolites were increased in PRS rats. In contrast, D2 DA receptor signaling was reduced and A2A adenosine receptor signaling was increased in the striatum of adult PRS rats. This indicated enhanced activity of the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia motor circuit. Adult PRS rats also showed poorer performance in the grip strength test and motor learning tasks. The aged PRS rats also showed a persistent reduction in striatal DA release and defective motor skills in the pasta matrix and ladder rung walking tests. In addition, the old rats showed large increases in the levels of SNAP-25 and synaptophysin, which are synaptic vesicle-related proteins in the striatum, and in the PRS group only, reductions in Syntaxin-1 and Rab3a protein levels were observed. Our findings indicated that the age-dependent threshold for motor dysfunction was lowered in PRS rats. This area of research is underdeveloped, and our study suggests that early-life stress can contribute to an increased understanding of how aging diseases are programmed in early-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Marrocco
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Remy Verhaeghe
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Domenico Bucci
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Luisa Di Menna
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Hammou Bouwalerh
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) "Perinatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases": University of Lille - CNRS, UMR 8576, Sapienza University of Rome and IRCCS Neuromed, Italy
| | - Gilles Van Camp
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) "Perinatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases": University of Lille - CNRS, UMR 8576, Sapienza University of Rome and IRCCS Neuromed, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghiglieri
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurophysiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Piazzale Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Ravasi
- EA1046, IMPRT-IFR114, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Francesca Cisani
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.,Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Excellence for Biochemical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Italy
| | - Farzaneh Bagheri
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.,School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Excellence for Biochemical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Italy.,IRCCS San Martino Hospital Genova Italy, Italy
| | - Valeria Bruno
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy.,Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", University Sapienza of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy.,Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", University Sapienza of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Morley-Fletcher
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) "Perinatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases": University of Lille - CNRS, UMR 8576, Sapienza University of Rome and IRCCS Neuromed, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy.,Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", University Sapienza of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Maccari
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.,Science and Medical - Surgical Biotechnology, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
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14
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Turrini F, Donno D, Beccaro GL, Pittaluga A, Grilli M, Zunin P, Boggia R. Bud-Derivatives, a Novel Source of Polyphenols and How Different Extraction Processes Affect Their Composition. Foods 2020; 9:E1343. [PMID: 32977484 PMCID: PMC7598208 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of herbal food supplements, as a concentrate form of vegetable extracts, increased so much over the past years to count them among the relevant sources of dietetic polyphenols. Bud-derivatives are a category of botanicals perceived as a "new entry" in this sector since they are still poorly studied. Due to the lack of a manufacturing process specification, very different products can be found on the market in terms of their polyphenolic profile depending on the experimental conditions of manufacturing. In this research two different manufacturing processes, using two different protocols, and eight species (Carpinus betulus L., Cornus mas L., Ficus carica L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Larix decidua Mill., Pinus montana Mill., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Tilia tomentosa Moench), commonly used to produce bud-derivatives, have been considered as a case study. An untargeted spectroscopic fingerprint of the extracts, coupled to chemometrics, provide to be a useful tool to identify these botanicals. The targeted phytochemical fingerprint by HPLC provided a screening of the main bud-derivatives polyphenolic classes highlighting a high variability depending on both method and protocol used. Nevertheless, ultrasonic extraction proved to be less sensitive to the different extraction protocols than conventional maceration regarding the extract polyphenolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Turrini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (M.G.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Dario Donno
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (D.D.); (G.L.B.)
| | - Gabriele Loris Beccaro
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (D.D.); (G.L.B.)
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (M.G.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (M.G.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Paola Zunin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (M.G.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Raffaella Boggia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (M.G.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
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15
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Cisani F, Roggeri A, Olivero G, Garrone B, Tongiani S, Di Giorgio FP, Pittaluga A. Acute Low Dose of Trazodone Recovers Glutamate Release Efficiency and mGlu2/3 Autoreceptor Impairments in the Spinal Cord of Rats Suffering From Chronic Sciatic Ligation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1108. [PMID: 32765286 PMCID: PMC7379891 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether chronic sciatic ligation modifies the glutamate release in spinal cord nerve endings (synaptosomes) as well as the expression and the function of presynaptic release-regulating mGlu2/3 autoreceptors and 5-HT2A heteroreceptors in these particles. Synaptosomes were from the spinal cord of animals suffering from the sciatic ligation that developed on day 6 post-surgery a significant decrease of the force inducing paw-withdrawal in the lesioned paw. The exocytosis of glutamate (quantified as release of preloaded [3H]D-aspartate, [3H]D-Asp) elicited by a mild depolarizing stimulus (15 mM KCl) was significantly increased in synaptosomes from injured rats when compared to controls (uninjured rats). The mGlu2/3 agonist LY379268 (1000 pM) significantly inhibited the 15 mM KCl-evoked [3H]D-Asp overflow from control synaptosomes, but not in terminals isolated from injured animals. Differently, a low concentration (10 nM) of (±) DOI, unable to modify the 15 mM KCl-evoked [3H]D-Asp overflow in control spinal cord synaptosomes, significantly reduced the glutamate exocytosis in nerve endings isolated from the injured rats. Acute oral trazodone (TZD, 0.3 mg/kg on day 7 post-surgery) efficiently recovered glutamate exocytosis as well as the efficiency of LY379268 in inhibiting this event in spinal cord synaptosomes from injured animals. The sciatic ligation significantly reduced the expression of mGlu2/3, but not of 5-HT2A, receptor proteins in spinal cord synaptosomal lysates. Acute TZD recovered this parameter. Our results support the use of 5-HT2A antagonists for restoring altered spinal cord glutamate plasticity in rats suffering from sciatic ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cisani
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Roggeri
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Garrone
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development), Angelini Pharma S.p.A., Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Tongiani
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development), Angelini Pharma S.p.A., Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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16
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Celli R, Wall MJ, Santolini I, Vergassola M, Di Menna L, Mascio G, Cannella M, van Luijtelaar G, Pittaluga A, Ciruela F, Bruno V, Nicoletti F, Ngomba RT. Pharmacological activation of mGlu5 receptors with the positive allosteric modulator VU0360172, modulates thalamic GABAergic transmission. Neuropharmacology 2020; 178:108240. [PMID: 32768418 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that injection of the mGlu5 receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM) VU0360172 into either the thalamus or somatosensory cortex markedly reduces the frequency of spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) in the WAG/Rij model of absence epilepsy. Here we have investigated the effects of VU0360172 on GABA transport in the thalamus and somatosensory cortex, as possible modes of action underlying the suppression of SWDs. Systemic VU0360172 injections increase GABA uptake in thalamic synaptosomes from epileptic WAG/Rij rats. Consistent with this observation, VU0360172 could also enhance thalamic GAT-1 protein expression, depending on the dosing regimen. This increase in GAT-1 expression was also observed in the thalamus from non-epileptic rats (presymptomatic WAG/Rij and Wistar) and appeared to occur selectively in neurons. The tonic GABAA receptor current present in ventrobasal thalamocortical neurons was significantly reduced by VU0360172 consistent with changes in GAT-1 and GABA uptake. The in vivo effects of VU0360172 (reduction in tonic GABA current and increase in GAT-1 expression) could be reproduced in vitro by treating thalamic slices with VU0360172 for at least 1 h and appeared to be dependent on the activation of PLC. Thus, the effects of VU0360172 do not require an intact thalamocortical circuit. In the somatosensory cortex, VU0360172 reduced GABA uptake but did not cause significant changes in GAT-1 protein levels. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of regulation mediated by mGlu5 receptors, which could underlie the powerful anti-absence effect of mGlu5 receptor enhancers in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark J Wall
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francisco Ciruela
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valeria Bruno
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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17
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Ulivieri M, Wierońska JM, Lionetto L, Martinello K, Cieslik P, Chocyk A, Curto M, Di Menna L, Iacovelli L, Traficante A, Liberatore F, Mascio G, Antenucci N, Giannino G, Vergassola M, Pittaluga A, Bruno V, Battaglia G, Fucile S, Simmaco M, Nicoletti F, Pilc A, Fazio F. The Trace Kynurenine, Cinnabarinic Acid, Displays Potent Antipsychotic-Like Activity in Mice and Its Levels Are Reduced in the Prefrontal Cortex of Individuals Affected by Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:1471-1481. [PMID: 32506121 PMCID: PMC7846105 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cinnabarinic acid (CA) is a kynurenine metabolite that activates mGlu4 metabotropic glutamate receptors. Using a highly sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS-MS) method, we found that CA is present in trace amounts in human brain tissue. CA levels were largely reduced in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of individuals affected by schizophrenia. This reduction did not correlate with age, sex, duration of the disease, and duration and type of antipsychotic medication and might, therefore, represent a trait of schizophrenia. Interestingly, systemic treatment with low doses of CA (<1 mg/kg, i.p.) showed robust efficacy in several behavioral tests useful to study antipsychotic-like activity in mice and rats and attenuated MK-801-evoked glutamate release. CA failed to display antipsychotic-like activity and inhibit excitatory synaptic transmission in mice lacking mGlu4 receptors. These findings suggest that CA is a potent endogenous antipsychotic-like molecule and reduced CA levels in the PFC might contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luana Lionetto
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, DiMA (Advanced Molecular Diagnosis), Sant’Andrea Hospital—Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paulina Cieslik
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chocyk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Martina Curto
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy,Bipolar & Psychotic Disorders Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | | | - Luisa Iacovelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Nico Antenucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannino
- School of Medicine and Psychology NESMOS Department, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy,I.R.C.C.S. San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Bruno
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Fucile
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, DiMA (Advanced Molecular Diagnosis), Sant’Andrea Hospital—Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrzej Pilc
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Francesco Fazio
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, room 610, New York City, NY, USA; tel: +1-718-430-2160, fax: +1-718-430-8932, e-mail:
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18
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Palese F, Bonomi E, Nuzzo T, Benussi A, Mellone M, Zianni E, Cisani F, Casamassa A, Alberici A, Scheggia D, Padovani A, Marcello E, Di Luca M, Pittaluga A, Usiello A, Borroni B, Gardoni F. Anti-GluA3 antibodies in frontotemporal dementia: effects on glutamatergic neurotransmission and synaptic failure. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 86:143-155. [PMID: 31784278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the great effort of the scientific community in the field, the pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) remains elusive. Recently, a role for autoimmunity and altered glutamatergic neurotransmission in triggering disease onset has been put forward. We reported the presence of autoantibodies recognizing the GluA3 subunit of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors in about 25% of FTD cases. In this study, we evaluated the mechanisms involved in anti-GluA3 autoimmunity, through molecular/neurochemical analyses conducted on patients' brain specimens with frontotemporal lobar degeneration-tau neuropathology. We then corroborated these results in vivo in FTD patients with transcranial magnetic stimulation and glutamate, D-serine, and L-serine dosages in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum. We observed that GluA3 autoantibodies affect glutamatergic neurotransmission, decreasing glutamate release and altering GluA3-containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor levels. These alterations were accompanied by changes of scaffolding proteins involved in receptor synaptic retention/internalization. The above results were confirmed by transcranial magnetic stimulation, suggesting a significant impairment of indirect measures of glutamatergic neurotransmission in FTD patients compared with controls, with further add-on harmful effect in those FTD patients with anti-GluA3 antibodies. Finally, FTD patients showed a significant increase of glutamate, D-serine, and L-serine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Palese
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Bonomi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Nuzzo
- Translational Neuroscience Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alberto Benussi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Manuela Mellone
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Zianni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cisani
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessia Casamassa
- Translational Neuroscience Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Antonella Alberici
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Diego Scheggia
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Usiello
- Translational Neuroscience Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Bonfiglio T, Vergassola M, Olivero G, Pittaluga A. Environmental Training and Synaptic Functions in Young and Old Brain: A Presynaptic Perspective. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3670-3684. [PMID: 29493441 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180228170450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is an unavoidable, physiological process that reduces the complexity and the plasticity of the synaptic contacts in Central Nervous System (CNS), having profound implications for human well-being. The term "cognitive reserve" refers to central cellular adaptations that augment the resilience of human brain to damage and aging. The term "Cognitive training" indicates the cultural, social and physical stimulations proposed as add-on therapy for the cure of central neurological diseases. "Cognitive training" reinforces the "cognitive reserve" permitting to counteract brain impairments and rejuvenating synaptic complexity. The research has begun investigating the clinical impact of the "cognitive training" in aged people, but additional work is needed to definitively assess its effectiveness. In particular, there is a need to understand, from a preclinical point of view, whether "cognitive training" promotes compensatory effects or, alternatively, if it elicits genuine recovery of neuronal defects. Although the translation from rodent studies to the clinical situation could be difficult, the results from pre-clinical models are of high clinical relevance, since they should allow a better understanding of the effects of environmental interventions in aging-associated chronic derangements in mammals. CONCLUSION Data in literature and the recent results obtained in our laboratory concerning the impact of environmental stimulation on the presynaptic release of noradrenaline, glutamate and gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) suggest that these neurotransmitters undergo different adaptations during aging and that they are differently tuned by "cognitive training". The impact of "cognitive training" on neurotransmitter exocytosis might account for the cellular events involved in reinforcement of "cognitive reserve" in young and old animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Bonfiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Vergassola
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Pittaluga A. Acute Functional Adaptations in Isolated Presynaptic Terminals Unveil Synaptosomal Learning and Memory. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153641. [PMID: 31349638 PMCID: PMC6696074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptosomes are used to decipher the mechanisms involved in chemical transmission, since they permit highlighting the mechanisms of transmitter release and confirming whether the activation of presynaptic receptors/enzymes can modulate this event. In the last two decades, important progress in the field came from the observations that synaptosomes retain changes elicited by both “in vivo” and “in vitro” acute chemical stimulation. The novelty of these studies is the finding that these adaptations persist beyond the washout of the triggering drug, emerging subsequently as functional modifications of synaptosomal performances, including release efficiency. These findings support the conclusion that synaptosomes are plastic entities that respond dynamically to ambient stimulation, but also that they “learn and memorize” the functional adaptation triggered by acute exposure to chemical agents. This work aims at reviewing the results so far available concerning this form of synaptosomal learning, also highlighting the role of these acute chemical adaptations in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy.
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16145, Genova, Italy.
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Olivero G, Cisani F, Vergassola M, Pittaluga A. Prolonged activation of CXCR4 hampers the release-regulating activity of presynaptic NMDA receptors in rat hippocampal synaptosomes. Neurochem Int 2019; 126:59-63. [PMID: 30858017 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the impact of the prolonged exposure of rat hippocampal synaptosomes to CXCL12 (3 nM) on the NMDA-mediated release of [3H]D-aspartate ([3H]D-Asp) or [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA). Synaptosomes were stimulated twice with NMDA/CXCL12 and the amount of the NMDA-evoked tritium release (S1 and S2) quantified to calculate the S2/S1 ratio. The S2/S1 ratio for both transmitters was drastically decreased by 3 nM CXCL12 between the two stimuli (CXCL12-treated synaptosomes) in a AMD3100-sensitive manner. The phosphorylation of the GluN1 subunit in Ser 896 was reduced in CXCL12-treated synaptosomes, while the overall amount of GluN1 and GluN2B proteins as well as the GluN2B insertion in synaptosomal plasmamembranes were unchanged. We conclude that the CXCR4/NMDA cross-talk is dynamically regulated by the time of activation of the CXCR4s. Our results unveil a functional cross-talk that might account for the severe impairments of central transmission that develop in pathological conditions characterized by CXCL12 overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Cisani
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Vergassola
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
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22
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Olivero G, Vergassola M, Cisani F, Usai C, Pittaluga A. Immuno-Pharmacological Characterization of Presynaptic GluN3A-Containing NMDA Autoreceptors: Relevance to Anti-NMDA Receptor Autoimmune Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6142-6155. [PMID: 30734226 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mouse hippocampal glutamatergic nerve endings express presynaptic release-regulating NMDA autoreceptors (NMDARs). The presence of GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B, and GluN3A subunits in hippocampal vesicular glutamate transporter type 1-positive synaptosomes was confirmed with confocal microscopy. GluN2C, GluN2D, and GluN3B immunopositivity was scarcely present. Incubation of synaptosomes with the anti-GluN1, the anti-GluN2A, the anti-GluN2B, or the anti-GluN3A antibody prevented the 30 μM NMDA/1 μM glycine-evoked [3H]D-aspartate ([3H]D-ASP) release. The NMDA/glycine-evoked [3H]D-ASP release was reduced by increasing the external protons, consistent with the participation of GluN1 subunits lacking the N1 cassette to the receptor assembly. The result also excludes the involvement of GluN1/GluN3A dimers into the NMDA-evoked overflow. Complement (1:300) released [3H]D-ASP in a dizocilpine-sensitive manner, suggesting the participation of a NMDAR-mediated component in the releasing activity. Accordingly, the complement-evoked glutamate overflow was reduced in anti-GluN-treated synaptosomes when compared to the control. We speculated that incubation with antibodies had favored the internalization of NMDA receptors. Indeed, a significant reduction of the GluN1 and GluN2B proteins in the plasma membranes of anti-GluN1 or anti-GluN2B antibody-treated synaptosomes emerged in biotinylation studies. Altogether, our findings confirm the existence of presynaptic GluN3A-containing release-regulating NMDARs in mouse hippocampal glutamatergic nerve endings. Furthermore, they unveil presynaptic alteration of the GluN subunit insertion in synaptosomal plasma membranes elicited by anti-GluN antibodies that might be relevant to the central alterations occurring in patients suffering from autoimmune anti-NMDA diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Vergassola
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Cisani
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy. .,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
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Vergassola M, Olivero G, Cisani F, Usai C, Bossi S, Puliti A, Pittaluga A. Presynaptic mGlu1 Receptors Control GABA B Receptors in an Antagonist-Like Manner in Mouse Cortical GABAergic and Glutamatergic Nerve Endings. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:324. [PMID: 30279647 PMCID: PMC6153310 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse cortical GABAergic synaptosomes possess presynaptic inhibitory GABAB autoreceptors. Accordingly, (±)baclofen (3 μM) inhibits in a CGP53423-sensitive manner the 12 mM KCl-evoked release of preloaded [3H]GABA. Differently, the existence of presynaptic release-regulating metabotropic glutamate type 1 (mGlu1) heteroreceptors in these terminals is still matter of discussion, although confocal microscopy unveiled the existence of mGlu1α with GABAB1 or GABAB2 proteins in cortical VGAT-positive synaptosomes. The group I mGlu agonist 3,5-DHPG failed to modify on its own the 12 mM KCl-evoked [3H]GABA exocytosis from cortical nerve endings, but, when added concomitantly to the GABAB agonist, it significantly reduced the 3 μM (±)baclofen-induced inhibition of [3H]GABA exocytosis. Conversely, the mGlu1 antagonist LY367385 (0.03–1 μM), inactive on its own on GABA exocytosis, amplified the 3 μM (±)baclofen-induced inhibition of [3H]GABA overflow. The ( ± )baclofen-induced inhibition of [3H]GABA exocytosis was more pronounced in cortical synaptosomes from Grm1crv4/crv4 mice, which bear a spontaneous mutation of the Grm1 gene leading to the functional inactivation of the mGlu1 receptor. Inasmuch, the expression of GABAB2 receptor protein in cortical synaptosomal lysates from Grm1crv4/crv4 mice was increased when compared to controls. Altogether, these observations seem best interpreted by assuming that mGlu1 coexist with GABAB receptors in GABAergic cortical synaptosomes, where they control GABA receptors in an antagonist-like manner. We then asked whether the mGlu1-mediated control of GABAB receptors is restricted to GABAergic terminals, or if it occurs also in other subpopulations of nerve endings. Release-regulating GABAB receptors also exist in glutamatergic nerve endings. (±)baclofen (1 μM) diminished the 12 mM KCl-evoked [3H]D-aspartate overflow. Also in these terminals, the concomitant presence of 1 μM LY367385, inactive on its own, significantly amplified the inhibitory effect exerted by (±)baclofen on [3H]D-aspartate exocytosis. Confocal microscopy confirmed the colocalization of mGlu1 with GABAB1 and GABAB2 labeling in vesicular glutamate type1 transporter-positive particles. Our results support the conclusion that mGlu1 receptors modulate in an antagonist-like manner presynaptic release-regulating GABAB receptors. This receptor–receptor interaction could be neuroprotective in central disease typified by hyperglutamatergicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone Bossi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldamaria Puliti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Olivero G, Grilli M, Vergassola M, Bonfiglio T, Padolecchia C, Garrone B, Di Giorgio FP, Tongiani S, Usai C, Marchi M, Pittaluga A. 5-HT 2A-mGlu2/3 receptor complex in rat spinal cord glutamatergic nerve endings: A 5-HT 2A to mGlu2/3 signalling to amplify presynaptic mechanism of auto-control of glutamate exocytosis. Neuropharmacology 2018; 133:429-439. [PMID: 29499271 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Presynaptic mGlu2/3 autoreceptors exist in rat spinal cord nerve terminals as suggested by the finding that LY379268 inhibited the 15 mM KCl-evoked release of [3H]D-aspartate ([3H]D-Asp) in a LY341495-sensitive manner. Spinal cord glutamatergic nerve terminals also possess presynaptic release-regulating 5-HT2A heteroreceptors. Actually, the 15 mM KCl-evoked [3H]D-Asp exocytosis from spinal cord synaptosomes was reduced by the 5-HT2A agonist (±)DOI, an effect reversed by the 5-HT2A antagonists MDL11,939, MDL100907, ketanserin and trazodone (TZD). We investigated whether mGlu2/3 and 5-HT2A receptors colocalize and cross-talk in these terminals and if 5-HT2A ligands modulate the mGlu2/3-mediated control of glutamate exocytosis. Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy highlighted the presence of mGlu2/3 and 5-HT2A receptor proteins in spinal cord VGLUT1 positive synaptosomes, where mGlu2/3 and 5-HT2A receptor immunoreactivities largely colocalize. Furthermore, mGlu2/3 immunoprecipitates from spinal cord synaptosomes were also 5-HT2A immunopositive. Interestingly, the 100 pM LY379268-induced reduction of the 15 mM KCl-evoked [3H]D-Asp overflow as well as its inhibition by 100 nM (±)DOI became undetectable when the two agonists were concomitantly added. Conversely, 5-HT2A antagonists (MDL11,939, MDL100907, ketanserin and TZD) reinforced the release-regulating activity of mGlu2/3 autoreceptors. Increased expression of mGlu2/3 receptor proteins in synaptosomal plasmamembranes paralleled the gain of function of the mGlu2/3 autoreceptors elicited by 5-HT2A antagonists. Based on these results, we propose that in spinal cord glutamatergic terminals i) mGlu2/3 and 5-HT2A receptors colocalize and interact one each other in an antagonist-like manner, ii) 5-HT2A antagonists are indirect positive allosteric modulator of mGlu2/3 autoreceptors controlling glutamate exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Vergassola
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bonfiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Padolecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Garrone
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development) - Angelini S.p.A., Piazzale della Stazione Snc, 00071, S. Palomba-Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Di Giorgio
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development) - Angelini S.p.A., Piazzale della Stazione Snc, 00071, S. Palomba-Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Serena Tongiani
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development) - Angelini S.p.A., Piazzale della Stazione Snc, 00071, S. Palomba-Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Marchi
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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25
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Bonfiglio T, Olivero G, Vergassola M, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Pacini A, Iannuzzi F, Summa M, Bertorelli R, Feligioni M, Ghelardini C, Pittaluga A. Environmental training is beneficial to clinical symptoms and cortical presynaptic defects in mice suffering from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neuropharmacology 2018; 145:75-86. [PMID: 29402503 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of "prophylactic" environmental stimulation on clinical symptoms and presynaptic defects in mice suffering from the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) at the acute stage of disease (21 ± 1 days post immunization, d.p.i.) was investigated. In EAE mice raised in an enriched environment (EE), the clinical score was reduced when compared to EAE mice raised in standard environment (SE).Concomitantly, gain of weight and increased spontaneous motor activity and curiosity were observed, suggesting increased well-being in mice. Impaired glutamate exocytosis and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production in cortical terminals of SE-EAE mice were evident at 21 ± 1 d.p.i.. Differently, the 12 mM KCl-evoked glutamate exocytosis from cortical synaptosomes of EE-EAE mice was comparable to that observed in SE and EE-control mice, but significantly higher than that in SE-EAE mice. Similarly, the 12 mM KCl-evoked cAMP production in EE-EAE mice cortical synaptosomes recovered to the level observed in SE and EE-control mice. MUNC-18 and SNAP25 contents, but not Syntaxin-1a and Synaptotagmin 1 levels, were increased in cortical synaptosomes from EE-EAE mice when compared to SE-EAE mice. Circulating IL-1β was increased in the spinal cord, but not in the cortex, of SE-EAE mice, and it did not recover in EE-EAE mice. Inflammatory infiltrates were reduced in the cortex but not in the spinal cord of EE-EAE mice. Demyelination was observed in the spinal cord; EE significantly diminished it. We conclude that "prophylactic" EE is beneficial to synaptic derangements and preserves glutamate transmission in the cortex of EAE mice. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Neurobiology of Environmental Enrichment".
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bonfiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Vergassola
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Italy
| | - A Pacini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, DMSC, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - F Iannuzzi
- EBRI-European Brain Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - M Summa
- D3. PharmaChemistry Line, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - R Bertorelli
- D3. PharmaChemistry Line, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Feligioni
- EBRI-European Brain Research Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - C Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Italy
| | - A Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Olivero G, Bonfiglio T, Vergassola M, Usai C, Riozzi B, Battaglia G, Nicoletti F, Pittaluga A. Immuno-pharmacological characterization of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors controlling glutamate exocytosis in mouse cortex and spinal cord. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4785-4796. [PMID: 28967122 PMCID: PMC5727332 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We recently proposed the existence of mGlu3 -preferring autoreceptors in spinal cord terminals and of mGlu2 -preferring autoreceptors in cortical terminals. This study aims to verify our previous conclusions and to extend their pharmacological characterization. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We studied the effect of LY566332, an mGlu2 receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM), and of LY2389575, a selective mGlu3 receptor negative allosteric (NAM) modulator, on the mGlu2/3 agonist LY379268-mediated inhibition of glutamate exocytosis [measured as KCl-evoked release of preloaded [3 H]-D-aspartate]. The mGlu2 PAM BINA and the mGlu3 NAM ML337, as well as selective antibodies recognizing the N-terminal of the receptor proteins, were used to confirm the pharmacological characterization of the native receptors. KEY RESULTS Cortical synaptosomes possess LY566332-sensitive autoreceptors that are slightly, although significantly, susceptible to LY2389575. In contrast, LY566332-insensitive and LY2389575-sensitive autoreceptors are present in spinal cord terminals. BINA and ML337 mimicked LY566332 and LY2389575, respectively, in controlling LY379268-mediated inhibition of glutamate exocytosis from both cortical and spinal cord synaptosomes. Incubation of cortical synaptosomes with anti-mGlu2 antibody prevented the LY379268-induced inhibition of glutamate exocytosis, and this response was partially reduced by the anti-mGlu3 antibody. Incubation of spinal cord synaptosomes with the anti-mGlu3 antibody abolished LY379268-mediated reduction of glutamate exocytosis from these terminals, while the anti-mGlu2 antibody was inactive. Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy data were largely consistent with these functional observations. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We confirmed that mGlu3 -preferring autoreceptors exist in spinal cord terminals. Differently, cortical glutamatergic terminals possess mGlu2 /mGlu3 heterodimers, whose inhibitory effect is largely mediated by mGlu2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cesare Usai
- National Research CouncilInstitute of BiophysicsGenoaItaly
| | | | | | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Località CamerellePozzilliItaly
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologySapienza UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFARUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
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Bossi S, Musante I, Bonfiglio T, Bonifacino T, Emionite L, Cerminara M, Cervetto C, Marcoli M, Bonanno G, Ravazzolo R, Pittaluga A, Puliti A. Genetic inactivation of mGlu5 receptor improves motor coordination in the Grm1 crv4 mouse model of SCAR13 ataxia. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 109:44-53. [PMID: 28982591 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Deleterious mutations in the glutamate receptor metabotropic 1 gene (GRM1) cause a recessive form of cerebellar ataxia, SCAR13. GRM1 and GRM5 code for the metabotropic glutamate type 1 (mGlu1) and type 5 (mGlu5) receptors, respectively. Their different expression profiles suggest they could have distinct functional roles. In a previous study, homozygous mice lacking mGlu1 receptors (Grm1crv4/crv4) and exhibiting ataxia presented cerebellar overexpression of mGlu5 receptors, that was proposed to contribute to the mouse phenotype. To test this hypothesis, we here crossed Grm1crv4 and Grm5ko mice to generate double mutants (Grm1crv4/crv4Grm5ko/ko) lacking both mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptors. Double mutants and control mice were analyzed for spontaneous behavior and for motor activity by rotarod and footprint analyses. In the same mice, the release of glutamate from cerebellar nerve endings (synaptosomes) elicited by 12mM KCl or by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) was also evaluated. Motor coordination resulted improved in double mutants when compared to Grm1crv4/crv4 mice. Furthermore, in in vitro studies, glutamate release elicited by both KCl depolarization and activation of AMPA autoreceptors resulted reduced in Grm1crv4/crv4 mice compared to wild type mice, while it presented normal levels in double mutants. Moreover, we found that Grm1crv4/crv4 mice showed reduced expression of GluA2/3 AMPA receptor subunits in cerebellar synaptosomes, while it resulted restored to wild type level in double mutants. To conclude, blocking of mGlu5 receptor reduced the dysregulation of glutamate transmission and improved motor coordination in the Grm1crv4 mouse model of SCAR13, thus suggesting the possible usefulness of pharmacological therapies based on modulation of mGlu5 receptor activity for the treatment of this type of ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bossi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Musante
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bonfiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonifacino
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Emionite
- Animal Facility, IRCCS A.U.O. San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Cerminara
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ravazzolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldamaria Puliti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy.
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28
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Florenzano F, Veronica C, Ciasca G, Ciotti MT, Pittaluga A, Olivero G, Feligioni M, Iannuzzi F, Latina V, Maria Sciacca MF, Sinopoli A, Milardi D, Pappalardo G, Marco DS, Papi M, Atlante A, Bobba A, Borreca A, Calissano P, Amadoro G. Extracellular truncated tau causes early presynaptic dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64745-64778. [PMID: 29029390 PMCID: PMC5630290 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The largest part of tau secreted from AD nerve terminals and released in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is C-terminally truncated, soluble and unaggregated supporting potential extracellular role(s) of NH2 -derived fragments of protein on synaptic dysfunction underlying neurodegenerative tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we show that sub-toxic doses of extracellular-applied human NH2 tau 26-44 (aka NH 2 htau) -which is the minimal active moiety of neurotoxic 20-22kDa peptide accumulating in vivo at AD synapses and secreted into parenchyma- acutely provokes presynaptic deficit in K+ -evoked glutamate release on hippocampal synaptosomes along with alteration in local Ca2+ dynamics. Neuritic dystrophy, microtubules breakdown, deregulation in presynaptic proteins and loss of mitochondria located at nerve endings are detected in hippocampal cultures only after prolonged exposure to NH 2 htau. The specificity of these biological effects is supported by the lack of any significant change, either on neuronal activity or on cellular integrity, shown by administration of its reverse sequence counterpart which behaves as an inactive control, likely due to a poor conformational flexibility which makes it unable to dynamically perturb biomembrane-like environments. Our results demonstrate that one of the AD-relevant, soluble and secreted N-terminally truncated tau forms can early contribute to pathology outside of neurons causing alterations in synaptic activity at presynaptic level, independently of overt neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Institute of Physics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo F Vito 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Ciotti
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Neuroscience, CNR, IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Viale Cembrano, Italy
| | - Gunedalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Viale Cembrano, Italy
| | - Marco Feligioni
- European Brain Research Institute, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Danilo Milardi
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Catania, Italy
| | | | - De Spirito Marco
- Institute of Physics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo F Vito 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Institute of Physics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo F Vito 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Atlante
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, CNR, Bari, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, Italy
| | - Antonella Bobba
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, CNR, Bari, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, Italy
| | - Antonella Borreca
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Neuroscience, CNR, IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Amadoro
- European Brain Research Institute, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
The immune system (IS) and the central nervous system (CNS) are functionally coupled, and a large number of endogenous molecules (i.e., the chemokines for the IS and the classic neurotransmitters for the CNS) are shared in common between the two systems. These interactions are key elements for the elucidation of the pathogenesis of central inflammatory diseases. In recent years, evidence has been provided supporting the role of chemokines as modulators of central neurotransmission. It is the case of the chemokines CCL2 and CXCL12 that control pre- and/or post-synaptically the chemical transmission. This article aims to review the functional cross-talk linking another endogenous pro-inflammatory factor released by glial cells, i.e., the chemokine Regulated upon Activation Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (CCL5) and the principal neurotransmitter in CNS (i.e., glutamate) in physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, the review discusses preclinical data concerning the role of CCL5 as a modulator of central glutamatergic transmission in healthy and demyelinating disorders. The CCL5-mediated control of glutamate release at chemical synapses could be relevant either to the onset of psychiatric symptoms that often accompany the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), but also it might indirectly give a rationale for the progression of inflammation and demyelination. The impact of disease-modifying therapies for the cure of MS on the endogenous availability of CCL5 in CNS will be also summarized. We apologize in advance for omission in our coverage of the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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30
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Bonfiglio T, Olivero G, Merega E, Di Prisco S, Padolecchia C, Grilli M, Milanese M, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Bonanno G, Marchi M, Pittaluga A. Prophylactic versus Therapeutic Fingolimod: Restoration of Presynaptic Defects in Mice Suffering from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170825. [PMID: 28125677 PMCID: PMC5268435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingolimod, the first oral, disease-modifying therapy for MS, has been recently proposed to modulate glutamate transmission in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice suffering from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) and in MS patients. Our study aims at investigating whether oral fingolimod recovers presynaptic defects that occur at different stages of disease in the CNS of EAE mice. In vivo prophylactic (0.3 mg/kg for 14 days, from the 7th day post immunization, d.p.i, the drug dissolved in the drinking water) fingolimod significantly reduced the clinical symptoms and the anxiety-related behaviour in EAE mice. Spinal cord inflammation, demyelination and glial cell activation are markers of EAE progression. These signs were ameliorated following oral fingolimod administration. Glutamate exocytosis was shown to be impaired in cortical and spinal cord terminals isolated from EAE mice at 21 ± 1 d.p.i., while GABA alteration emerged only at the spinal cord level. Prophylactic fingolimod recovered these presynaptic defects, restoring altered glutamate and GABA release efficiency. The beneficial effect occurred in a dose-dependent, region-specific manner, since lower (0.1-0.03 mg/kg) doses restored, although to a different extent, synaptic defects in cortical but not spinal cord terminals. A delayed reduction of glutamate, but not of GABA, exocytosis was observed in hippocampal terminals of EAE mice at 35 d.p.i. Therapeutic (0.3 mg/kg, from 21 d.p.i. for 14 days) fingolimod restored glutamate exocytosis in the cortex and in the hippocampus of EAE mice at 35 ± 1 d.p.i. but not in the spinal cord, where also GABAergic defects remained unmodified. These results improve our knowledge of the molecular events accounting for the beneficial effects elicited by fingolimod in demyelinating disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Cerebral Cortex/drug effects
- Cerebral Cortex/immunology
- Cerebral Cortex/pathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Exocytosis/drug effects
- Female
- Fingolimod Hydrochloride/pharmacology
- Glutamic Acid/metabolism
- Glutamic Acid/pharmacology
- Hippocampus/drug effects
- Hippocampus/immunology
- Hippocampus/pathology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neuroglia/drug effects
- Neuroglia/immunology
- Neuroglia/pathology
- Organ Specificity
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/immunology
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- Synapses/drug effects
- Synapses/immunology
- Synapses/pathology
- gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
- gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Bonfiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Merega
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Prisco
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Padolecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Marchi
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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31
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Reynaert ML, Marrocco J, Mairesse J, Lionetto L, Simmaco M, Deruyter L, Allorge D, Moles A, Pittaluga A, Maccari S, Morley-Fletcher S, Van Camp G, Nicoletti F. Hedonic sensitivity to natural rewards is affected by prenatal stress in a sex-dependent manner. Addict Biol 2016; 21:1072-1085. [PMID: 26011513 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Palatable food is a strong activator of the reward circuitry and may cause addictive behavior leading to eating disorders. How early life events and sex interact in shaping hedonic sensitivity to palatable food is largely unknown. We used prenatally restraint stressed (PRS) rats, which show abnormalities in the reward system and anxious/depressive-like behavior. Some of the hallmarks of PRS rats are known to be sex-dependent. We report that PRS enhanced and reduced milk chocolate-induced conditioned place preference in males and females, respectively. Male PRS rats also show increases in plasma dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels and dopamine (DA) levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and reductions in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in the NAc and prefrontal cortex (PFC). In male rats, systemic treatment with the DHT-lowering drug finasteride reduced both milk chocolate preference and NAc DA levels. Female PRS rats showed lower plasma estradiol (E2 ) levels and lower DA levels in the NAc, and 5-HT levels in the NAc and PFC. E2 supplementation reversed the reduction in milk chocolate preference and PFC 5-HT levels. In the hypothalamus, PRS increased ERα and ERβ estrogen receptor and CARTP (cocaine-and-amphetamine receptor transcript peptide) mRNA levels in males, and 5-HT2C receptor mRNA levels in females. Changes were corrected by treatments with finasteride and E2 , respectively. These new findings show that early life stress has a profound impact on hedonic sensitivity to high-palatable food via long-lasting changes in gonadal hormones. This paves the way to the development of hormonal strategies aimed at correcting abnormalities in the response to natural rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Line Reynaert
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) ‘Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases’; UMR8576 University Lille 1/CNRS; France
- Sapienza University of Rome/IRCCS Neuromed; Italy
| | | | - Jérôme Mairesse
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) ‘Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases’; UMR8576 University Lille 1/CNRS; France
- Sapienza University of Rome/IRCCS Neuromed; Italy
| | - Luana Lionetto
- Advanced Molecular Diagnostic; Sant'Andrea Hospital; Italy
| | | | - Lucie Deruyter
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) ‘Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases’; UMR8576 University Lille 1/CNRS; France
- Sapienza University of Rome/IRCCS Neuromed; Italy
| | | | - Anna Moles
- Institute of Neuroscience; National Research Council (CNR); Italy
- Genomnia; Italy
| | | | - Stefania Maccari
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) ‘Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases’; UMR8576 University Lille 1/CNRS; France
- Sapienza University of Rome/IRCCS Neuromed; Italy
| | - Sara Morley-Fletcher
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) ‘Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases’; UMR8576 University Lille 1/CNRS; France
- Sapienza University of Rome/IRCCS Neuromed; Italy
| | - Gilles Van Camp
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) ‘Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases’; UMR8576 University Lille 1/CNRS; France
- Sapienza University of Rome/IRCCS Neuromed; Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) ‘Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases’; UMR8576 University Lille 1/CNRS; France
- Sapienza University of Rome/IRCCS Neuromed; Italy
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32
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Zamberletti E, Gabaglio M, Grilli M, Prini P, Catanese A, Pittaluga A, Marchi M, Rubino T, Parolaro D. Long-term hippocampal glutamate synapse and astrocyte dysfunctions underlying the altered phenotype induced by adolescent THC treatment in male rats. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:459-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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33
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Abstract
Group I metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors consists of mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptor subtypes. These receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS), where they preferentially mediate facilitatory signaling in neurones and glial cells, mainly by favoring phospholipase (PLC) translocation. Based on the literature so far available, group I Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are preferentially expressed at the postsynaptic side of chemical synapsis, where they participate in the progression of the chemical stimulus. Studies, however, have shown the presence of these receptors also at the presynaptic level, where they exert several functions, including the modulation of transmitter exocytosis. Presynaptic Group I mGluRs can be both autoreceptors regulating release of glutamate and heteroreceptors regulating the release of various transmitters, including GABA, dopamine, noradrenaline, and acetylcholine. While the existence of presynaptic release-regulating mGlu5 receptors is largely recognized, the possibility that mGlu1 receptors also are present at this level has been a matter of discussion for a long time. A large body of evidence published in the last decade, however, supports this notion. This review aims at revisiting the data from in vitro studies concerning the existence and the role of release-regulating mGlu1 receptors presynaptically located in nerve terminals isolated from selected regions of the CNS. The functional interaction linking mGlu5 and mGlu1 receptor subtypes at nerve terminals and their relative contributions as modulators of central transmission will also be discussed. We apologize in advance for omission in our coverage of the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of GenoaGenoa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of GenoaGenoa, Italy
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34
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Di Prisco S, Olivero G, Merega E, Bonfiglio T, Marchi M, Pittaluga A. CXCR4 and NMDA Receptors Are Functionally Coupled in Rat Hippocampal Noradrenergic and Glutamatergic Nerve Endings. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; 11:645-656. [PMID: 27147258 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies had shown that the HIV-1 capsidic glycoprotein gp120 (strain IIIB) modulates presynaptic release-regulating NMDA receptors on noradrenergic and glutamatergic terminals. This study aims to assess whether the chemokine CXC4 receptors (CXCR4s) has a role in the gp120-mediated effects. The effect of CXCL12, the endogenous ligand at CXCR4, on the NMDA-mediated releasing activity was therefore investigated. Rat hippocampal synaptosomes were preloaded with [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA) or [3H]D-aspartate ([3H]D-Asp) and acutely exposed to CXCL12, to NMDA or to both agonists. CXCL12, inactive on its own, facilitated the NMDA-evoked tritium release. The NMDA antagonist MK-801 abolished the NMDA/CXCL12-evoked tritium release of both radiolabelled tracers, while the CXCR4 antagonist AMD 3100 halved it, suggesting that rat hippocampal nerve endings possess presynaptic release-regulating CXCR4 receptors colocalized with NMDA receptors. Accordingly, Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of CXCR4 proteins in synaptosomal plasmamembranes. In both synaptosomal preparations, CXCL12-induced facilitation of NMDA-mediated release was dependent upon PLC-mediated src-induced events leading to mobilization of Ca2+ from intraterminal IP3-sensitive stores Finally, the gp120-induced facilitation of NMDA-mediated release of [3H]NA and [3H]D-Asp was prevented by AMD 3100. We propose that CXCR4s are functionally coupled to NMDA receptors in rat hippocampal noradrenergic and glutamatergic terminals and account for the gp120-induced modulation of the NMDA-mediated central effects. The NMDA/CXCR4 cross-talk could have a role in the neuropsychiatric symptoms often observed in HIV-1 positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Prisco
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Merega
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bonfiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Marchi
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy. .,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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35
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Brindisi M, Maramai S, Gemma S, Brogi S, Grillo A, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Gabellieri E, Lamponi S, Saponara S, Gorelli B, Tedesco D, Bonfiglio T, Landry C, Jung KM, Armirotti A, Luongo L, Ligresti A, Piscitelli F, Bertucci C, Dehouck MP, Campiani G, Maione S, Ghelardini C, Pittaluga A, Piomelli D, Di Marzo V, Butini S. Development and Pharmacological Characterization of Selective Blockers of 2-Arachidonoyl Glycerol Degradation with Efficacy in Rodent Models of Multiple Sclerosis and Pain. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2612-32. [PMID: 26888301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the discovery of compound 4a, a potent β-lactam-based monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitor characterized by an irreversible and stereoselective mechanism of action, high membrane permeability, high brain penetration evaluated using a human in vitro blood-brain barrier model, high selectivity in binding and affinity-based proteomic profiling assays, and low in vitro toxicity. Mode-of-action studies demonstrate that 4a, by blocking MGL, increases 2-arachidonoylglycerol and behaves as a cannabinoid (CB1/CB2) receptor indirect agonist. Administration of 4a in mice suffering from experimental autoimmune encephalitis ameliorates the severity of the clinical symptoms in a CB1/CB2-dependent manner. Moreover, 4a produced analgesic effects in a rodent model of acute inflammatory pain, which was antagonized by CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists. 4a also relieves the neuropathic hypersensitivity induced by oxaliplatin. Given these evidence, 4a, as MGL selective inhibitor, could represent a valuable lead for the future development of therapeutic options for multiple sclerosis and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Brindisi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Samuele Maramai
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Grillo
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Firenze , V.le G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Emanuele Gabellieri
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gorelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniele Tedesco
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bonfiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova , Viale Cembrano 4, Genova, 16148, Italy
| | - Christophe Landry
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), University of Artois , EA 2465, F62300 Lens, France
| | - Kwang-Mook Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California , Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", Second University of Napoli , 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessia Ligresti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR , 80078 Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR , 80078 Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Carlo Bertucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marie-Pierre Dehouck
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), University of Artois , EA 2465, F62300 Lens, France
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", Second University of Napoli , 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Firenze , V.le G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova , Viale Cembrano 4, Genova, 16148, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova , Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California , Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR , 80078 Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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Di Prisco S, Merega E, Bonfiglio T, Olivero G, Cervetto C, Grilli M, Usai C, Marchi M, Pittaluga A. Presynaptic, release-regulating mGlu2 -preferring and mGlu3 -preferring autoreceptors in CNS: pharmacological profiles and functional roles in demyelinating disease. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1465-77. [PMID: 26791341 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Presynaptic, release-regulating metabotropic glutamate 2 and 3 (mGlu2/3) autoreceptors exist in the CNS. They represent suitable targets for therapeutic approaches to central diseases that are typified by hyperglutamatergicity. The availability of specific ligands able to differentiate between mGlu2 and mGlu3 subunits allows us to further characterize these autoreceptors. In this study we investigated the pharmacological profile of mGlu2/3 receptors in selected CNS regions and evaluated their functions in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The comparative analysis of presynaptic mGlu2/3 autoreceptors was performed by determining the effect of selective mGlu2/3 receptor agonist(s) and antagonist(s) on the release of [(3)H]-D-aspartate from cortical and spinal cord synaptosomes in superfusion. In EAE mice, mGlu2/3 autoreceptor-mediated release functions were investigated and effects of in vivo LY379268 administration on impaired glutamate release examined ex vivo. KEY RESULTS Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of presynaptic mGlu2/3 receptor proteins. Cortical synaptosomes possessed LY541850-sensitive, NAAG-insensitive autoreceptors having low affinity for LY379268, while LY541850-insensitive, NAAG-sensitive autoreceptors with high affinity for LY379268 existed in spinal cord terminals. In EAE mice, mGlu2/3 autoreceptors completely lost their inhibitory activity in cortical, but not in spinal cord synaptosomes. In vivo LY379268 administration restored the glutamate exocytosis capability in spinal cord but not in cortical terminals in EAE mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We propose the existence of mGlu2-preferring and mGlu3-preferring autoreceptors in mouse cortex and spinal cord respectively. The mGlu3 -preferring autoreceptors could represent a target for new pharmacological approaches for treating demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Prisco
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Merega
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bonfiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Marchi
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Schepisi C, Pignataro A, Doronzio SS, Piccinin S, Ferraina C, Di Prisco S, Feligioni M, Pittaluga A, Mercuri NB, Ammassari-Teule M, Nisticò R, Nencini P. Inhibition of hippocampal plasticity in rats performing contrafreeloading for water under repeated administrations of pramipexole. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:727-37. [PMID: 26572895 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Compulsive symptoms develop in patients exposed to pramipexole (PPX), a dopaminergic agonist with high selectivity for the D3 receptor. Consistently, we demonstrated that PPX produces an exaggerated increase in contrafreeloading (CFL) for water, a repetitive and highly inflexible behavior that models core aspects of compulsive disorders. OBJECTIVES Given the role of the hippocampus in behavioral flexibility, motivational control, and visuospatial working memory, we investigated the role of hippocampus in the expression of PPX-induced CFL. To this aim, rats were subjected to CFL under chronic PPX, and then examined for the electrophysiological, structural, and molecular properties of their hippocampus. METHODS We measured long-term potentiation (LTP) at CA1 Schaffer collaterals, dendritic spine density in CA1 pyramidal neurons, and then glutamate release and expression of pre and postsynaptic proteins in hippocampal synaptosomes. The effects of PPX on hippocampal-dependent working memory were assessed through the novel object recognition (NOR) test. RESULTS We found that PPX-treated rats showing CFL exhibited a significant decrease in hippocampal LTP and failed to exhibit the expected increase in hippocampal spine density. Glutamate release and PSD-95 expression were decreased, while pSYN expression was increased in hippocampal synaptosomes of PPX-treated rats showing CFL. Despite a general impairment of hippocampal synaptic function, working memory was unaffected by PPX treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that chronic PPX affects synaptic function in the hippocampus, an area that is critically involved in the expression of flexible, goal-centered behaviors. We suggest that the hippocampus is a promising target in the pharmacotherapy of compulsive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Schepisi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Salvatore Simone Doronzio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Di Prisco
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Martine Ammassari-Teule
- IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- European Brain Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Nencini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Mairesse J, Gatta E, Reynaert ML, Marrocco J, Morley-Fletcher S, Soichot M, Deruyter L, Camp GV, Bouwalerh H, Fagioli F, Pittaluga A, Allorge D, Nicoletti F, Maccari S. Activation of presynaptic oxytocin receptors enhances glutamate release in the ventral hippocampus of prenatally restraint stressed rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 62:36-46. [PMID: 26231445 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin receptors are known to modulate synaptic transmission and network activity in the hippocampus, but their precise function has been only partially elucidated. Here, we have found that activation of presynaptic oxytocin receptor with the potent agonist, carbetocin, enhanced depolarization-evoked glutamate release in the ventral hippocampus with no effect on GABA release. This evidence paved the way for examining the effect of carbetocin treatment in "prenatally restraint stressed" (PRS) rats, i.e., the offspring of dams exposed to repeated episodes of restraint stress during pregnancy. Adult PRS rats exhibit an anxious/depressive-like phenotype associated with an abnormal glucocorticoid feedback regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and, remarkably, with a reduced depolarization-evoked glutamate release in the ventral hippocampus. Chronic systemic treatment with carbetocin (1mg/kg, i.p., once a day for 2-3 weeks) in PRS rats corrected the defect in glutamate release, anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, and abnormalities in social behavior, in the HPA response to stress, and in the expression of stress-related genes in the hippocampus and amygdala. Of note, carbetocin treatment had no effect on these behavioral and neuroendocrine parameters in prenatally unstressed (control) rats, with the exception of a reduced expression of the oxytocin receptor gene in the amygdala. These findings disclose a novel function of oxytocin receptors in the hippocampus, and encourage the use of oxytocin receptor agonists in the treatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Mairesse
- Univ.Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; LIA France/Italy (International Associated Laboratory "Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Glycobiology of Stress-related Diseases team, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; Neuromed, 86077-Pozzilli, Italy and Sapienza University of Rome, 00185-Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gatta
- Univ.Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; LIA France/Italy (International Associated Laboratory "Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Glycobiology of Stress-related Diseases team, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; Neuromed, 86077-Pozzilli, Italy and Sapienza University of Rome, 00185-Rome, Italy
| | - Marie-Line Reynaert
- Univ.Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; LIA France/Italy (International Associated Laboratory "Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Glycobiology of Stress-related Diseases team, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; Neuromed, 86077-Pozzilli, Italy and Sapienza University of Rome, 00185-Rome, Italy
| | - Jordan Marrocco
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 10065 New York, NY, USA; LIA France/Italy (International Associated Laboratory "Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Glycobiology of Stress-related Diseases team, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; Neuromed, 86077-Pozzilli, Italy and Sapienza University of Rome, 00185-Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Morley-Fletcher
- Univ.Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; LIA France/Italy (International Associated Laboratory "Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Glycobiology of Stress-related Diseases team, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; Neuromed, 86077-Pozzilli, Italy and Sapienza University of Rome, 00185-Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lucie Deruyter
- Univ.Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; LIA France/Italy (International Associated Laboratory "Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Glycobiology of Stress-related Diseases team, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; Neuromed, 86077-Pozzilli, Italy and Sapienza University of Rome, 00185-Rome, Italy
| | - Gilles Van Camp
- Univ.Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; LIA France/Italy (International Associated Laboratory "Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Glycobiology of Stress-related Diseases team, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; Neuromed, 86077-Pozzilli, Italy and Sapienza University of Rome, 00185-Rome, Italy
| | - Hammou Bouwalerh
- Univ.Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; LIA France/Italy (International Associated Laboratory "Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Glycobiology of Stress-related Diseases team, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; Neuromed, 86077-Pozzilli, Italy and Sapienza University of Rome, 00185-Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Fagioli
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale, RM.E. Unità Operativa Complessa Adolescent, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Univ.Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; LIA France/Italy (International Associated Laboratory "Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Glycobiology of Stress-related Diseases team, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; Neuromed, 86077-Pozzilli, Italy and Sapienza University of Rome, 00185-Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Maccari
- Univ.Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; LIA France/Italy (International Associated Laboratory "Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Glycobiology of Stress-related Diseases team, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; Neuromed, 86077-Pozzilli, Italy and Sapienza University of Rome, 00185-Rome, Italy.
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Merega E, Prisco SD, Severi P, Kalfas F, Pittaluga A. Antibody/receptor protein immunocomplex in human and mouse cortical nerve endings amplifies complement-induced glutamate release. Neurosci Lett 2015; 600:50-5. [PMID: 26049008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that complement alone releases glutamate from human and mouse cortical terminals in an antibody-independent manner. In order to expand our knowledge on complement-mediated effects, we investigated whether the presence of an antigen-antibody complex in synaptosomal plasmamembranes could also trigger complement-induced functional responses that might affect neurotransmitter release. To this aim, we focused on the chemokine 5 receptor (CCR5) expressed in human and mouse cortical glutamate terminals, whose activation by CCL5 elicits [(3)H]D-aspartate ([(3)H]D-ASP) release. Preincubating synaptosomes with an antibody recognizing the NH2 terminus of the CCR5 protein (anti-NH2-CCR5 antibody) abolished the CCL5-induced [(3)H]D-ASP release. Similarly, enriching synaptosomes with an antibody recognizing the COOH terminus of CCR5 (anti-COOH-CCR5 antibody) prevented the CCL5-induced [(3)H]D-ASP release. The antagonist-like activity of the anti-NH2-CCR5 antibody turned to facilitation when anti-NH2-CCR5-treated synaptosomes were exposed to complement. In these terminals, the releasing effect was significantly higher than that elicited by complement in untreated synaptosomes. On the contrary, the complement-induced [(3)H]D-ASP release from anti-COOH-CCR5 antibody-entrapped synaptosomes did not differ from that from untreated synaptosomes. Preincubating synaptosomes with anti-beta tubulin III antibody, used as negative control, neither prevented the CCL5-induced releasing effect nor it amplified the complement-induced [(3)H]D-ASP release. Finally, serum lacking the C1q protein, i.e. the protein essential to promote the antibody-mediated activation of complement, elicited a comparable [(3)H]D-ASP release from both untreated and anti-NH2-CCR5 antibody-treated synaptosomes. Thus, we propose that antibodies raised against the outer sequence of a receptor protein can trigger the activation of the complement through the classic, C1q-mediated antibody-dependent pathway, which results in an abnormal release of glutamate that could be deleterious to central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Merega
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Prisco
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Severi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fotios Kalfas
- Division of Neurosurgery, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Nisticò R, Florenzano F, Mango D, Ferraina C, Grilli M, Di Prisco S, Nobili A, Saccucci S, D'Amelio M, Morbin M, Marchi M, Mercuri NB, Davis RJ, Pittaluga A, Feligioni M. Presynaptic c-Jun N-terminal Kinase 2 regulates NMDA receptor-dependent glutamate release. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9035. [PMID: 25762148 PMCID: PMC4357012 DOI: 10.1038/srep09035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is a critical step for neuronal death occurring in several neurological conditions. JNKs can be activated via receptor tyrosine kinases, cytokine receptors, G-protein coupled receptors and ligand-gated ion channels, including the NMDA glutamate receptors. While JNK has been generally associated with postsynaptic NMDA receptors, its presynaptic role remains largely unexplored. Here, by means of biochemical, morphological and functional approaches, we demonstrate that JNK and its scaffold protein JIP1 are also expressed at the presynaptic level and that the NMDA-evoked glutamate release is controlled by presynaptic JNK-JIP1 interaction. Moreover, using knockout mice for single JNK isoforms, we proved that JNK2 is the essential isoform in mediating this presynaptic event. Overall the present findings unveil a novel JNK2 localization and function, which is likely to play a role in different physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nisticò
- 1] Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI "Rita Levi-Montalcini" Foundation, Rome, 00143, Italy [2] Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Fulvio Florenzano
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI "Rita Levi-Montalcini" Foundation, Rome, 00143, Italy
| | - Dalila Mango
- 1] Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI "Rita Levi-Montalcini" Foundation, Rome, 00143, Italy [2] Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, 00143, Italy
| | - Caterina Ferraina
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI "Rita Levi-Montalcini" Foundation, Rome, 00143, Italy
| | - Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16148, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Prisco
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16148, Italy
| | - Annalisa Nobili
- 1] Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, 00143, Italy [2] University Campus Biomedico, 00100 Rome
| | - Stefania Saccucci
- Neuropathology &Neurology V - IRCCS Foundation C. Besta Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Marcello D'Amelio
- 1] Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, 00143, Italy [2] University Campus Biomedico, 00100 Rome
| | - Michela Morbin
- Neuropathology &Neurology V - IRCCS Foundation C. Besta Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Mario Marchi
- 1] Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16148, Italy [2] Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Nicola B Mercuri
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, 00143, Italy
| | - Roger J Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605, USA
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- 1] Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16148, Italy [2] Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI "Rita Levi-Montalcini" Foundation, Rome, 00143, Italy
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Di Prisco S, Merega E, Lanfranco M, Casazza S, Uccelli A, Pittaluga A. Acute desipramine restores presynaptic cortical defects in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by suppressing central CCL5 overproduction. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2457-67. [PMID: 24528439 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Altered glutamate exocytosis and cAMP production in cortical terminals of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice occur at the early stage of disease (13 days post-immunization, d.p.i.). Neuronal defects were paralleled by overexpression of the central chemokine CCL5 (also known as RANTES), suggesting it has a role in presynaptic impairments. We propose that drugs able to restore CCL5 content to physiological levels could also restore presynaptic defects. Because of its efficacy in controlling CCL5 overexpression, desipramine (DMI) appeared to be a suitable candidate to test our hypothesis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Control and EAE mice at 13 d.p.i. were acutely or chronically administered DMI and monitored for behaviour and clinical scores. Noradrenaline and glutamate release, cAMP, CCL5 and TNF-α production were quantified in cortical synaptosomes and homogenates. Peripheral cytokine production was also determined. KEY RESULTS Noradrenaline exocytosis and α₂ -adrenoeceptor-mediated activity were unmodified in EAE mice at 13 d.p.i. when compared with control. Acute, but not chronic, DMI reduced CCL5 levels in cortical homogenates of EAE mice at 13 d.p.i., but did not affect peripheral IL-17 and TNF-α contents or CCL5 plasma levels. Acute DMI caused a long-lasting restoration of glutamate exocytosis, restored endogenous cAMP production and impeded the shift from inhibition to facilitation of the CCL5-mediated control of glutamate exocytosis. Finally, DMI ameliorated anxiety-related behaviour but not motor activity or severity of clinical signs. CONCLUSIONS We propose DMI as an add-on therapy to normalize neuropsychiatric symptoms in multiple sclerosis patients at the early stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Prisco
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Genoa, Italy
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Bisio A, Fedele E, Pittaluga A, Olivero G, Grilli M, Chen J, Mele G, Malafronte N, De Tommasi N, Leddae F, Manconi R, Pronzato R, Marchi M. Isolation of hydroxyoctaprenyl-1',4'-hydroquinone, a new octaprenylhydroquinone from the marine sponge Sarcotragus spinosulus and evaluation of its pharmacological activity on acetylcholine and glutamate release in the rat central nervous system. Nat Prod Commun 2014; 9:1581-1584. [PMID: 25532286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Three polyprenyl-1',4'-hydroquinone derivatives, heptaprenyl-1',4'-hydroquinone (1), octaprenyl-1',4'-hydroquinone (2), and hydroxyoctaprenyl-1',4'- hydroquinone (3) were isolated from the marine sponge Sarcotragus spinosulus collected at Baia di Porto Conte, Alghero (Italy). Our findings indicate that the compounds isolated from S. spinosulus can significantly modulate the release of glutamate and acetylcholine in the rat hippocampus and cortex and might, therefore, represent the prototype of a new class of drugs regulating glutamatergic and cholinergic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system.
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Bisio A, Fedele E, Pittaluga A, Olivero G, Grilli M, Chen J, Mele G, Malafronte N, Tommasi ND, Ledda F, Manconi R, Pronzato R, Marchi M. Isolation of Hydroxyoctaprenyl-1′,4′-hydroquinone, a new Octaprenylhydroquinone from the Marine Sponge Sarcotragus spinosulus and Evaluation of its Pharmacological Activity on Acetylcholine and Glutamate Release in the Rat Central Nervous System. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400901113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three polyprenyl-1′,4′-hydroquinone derivatives, heptaprenyl-1′,4′-hydroquinone (1), octaprenyl-1′,4′-hydroquinone (2), and hydroxyoctaprenyl-1′,4′-hydroquinone (3) were isolated from the marine sponge Sarcotragus spinosulus collected at Baia di Porto Conte, Alghero (Italy). Our findings indicate that the compounds isolated from S. spinosulus can significantly modulate the release of glutamate and acetylcholine in the rat hippocampus and cortex and might, therefore, represent the prototype of a new class of drugs regulating glutamatergic and cholinergic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bisio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Via Brigata Salerno, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ernesto Fedele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Via Brigata Salerno, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Via Brigata Salerno, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Via Brigata Salerno, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Via Brigata Salerno, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Jiayang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Via Brigata Salerno, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Via Brigata Salerno, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Malafronte
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Fabio Ledda
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Mattarello (Trento), Italy
| | - Renata Manconi
- Department of Sciences of Earth, Environment and Life, University of Genoa, Corso Europa, 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Pronzato
- Department of Sciences of Earth, Environment and Life, University of Genoa, Corso Europa, 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Mario Marchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Via Brigata Salerno, 16147 Genoa, Italy
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Zappettini S, Grilli M, Olivero G, Chen J, Padolecchia C, Pittaluga A, Tomé AR, Cunha RA, Marchi M. Nicotinic α7 receptor activation selectively potentiates the function of NMDA receptors in glutamatergic terminals of the nucleus accumbens. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:332. [PMID: 25360085 PMCID: PMC4199379 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We here provide functional and immunocytochemical evidence supporting the co-localization and functional interaction between nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs) in glutamatergic terminals of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Immunocytochemical studies showed that a significant percentage of NAc terminals were glutamatergic and possessed GluN1 and α7-containing nAChR. A short-term pre-exposure of synaptosomes to nicotine (30 µM) or choline (1 mM) caused a significant potentiation of the 100 µM NMDA-evoked [3H]D-aspartate ([3H]D-Asp) outflow, which was prevented by α-bungarotoxin (100 nM). The pre-exposure to nicotine (100 µM) or choline (1 mM) also enhanced the NMDA-induced cytosolic free calcium levels, as measured by FURA-2 fluorescence imaging in individual NAc terminals, an effect also prevented by α-bungarotoxin. Pre-exposure to the α4-nAChR agonists 5IA85380 (10 nM) or RJR2429 (1 µM) did not modify NMDA-evoked ([3H]D-Asp) outflow and calcium transients. The NMDA-evoked ([3H]D-Asp) overflow was partially antagonized by the NMDAR antagonists MK801, D-AP5, 5,7-DCKA and R(-)CPP and unaffected by the GluN2B-NMDAR antagonists Ro256981 and ifenprodil. Notably, pre-treatment with choline increased GluN2A biotin-tagged proteins. In conclusion, our results show that the GluN2A-NMDA receptor function can be positively regulated in NAc terminals in response to a brief incubation with α7 but not α4 nAChRs agonists. This might be a general feature in different brain areas since a similar nAChR-mediated bolstering of NMDA-induced ([3H]D-Asp) overflow was also observed in hippocampal synaptosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Zappettini
- Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Inserm UMR1106, Aix Marseille Université La Timone Marseille, France
| | - Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano Genoa, Italy
| | - Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano Genoa, Italy
| | - Jiayang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano Genoa, Italy ; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa Genoa, Italy
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal ; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mario Marchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano Genoa, Italy ; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa Genoa, Italy
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Di Prisco S, Merega E, Pittaluga A. Functional adaptation of presynaptic chemokine receptors in EAE mouse central nervous system. Synapse 2014; 68:529-35. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Prisco
- Department of Pharmacy; Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa; Viale Cembrano 4 Genoa 16148 Italy
| | - Elisa Merega
- Department of Pharmacy; Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa; Viale Cembrano 4 Genoa 16148 Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy; Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa; Viale Cembrano 4 Genoa 16148 Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa; Viale Benedetto XV Genoa 16132 Italy
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46
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Orlando R, Borro M, Motolese M, Molinaro G, Scaccianoce S, Caruso A, di Nuzzo L, Caraci F, Matrisciano F, Pittaluga A, Mairesse J, Simmaco M, Nisticò R, Monn JA, Nicoletti F. Levels of the Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) are altered in the prenatal restrain stress mouse model of schizophrenia and are differentially regulated by the mGlu2/3 receptor agonists, LY379268 and LY354740. Neuropharmacology 2014; 86:133-44. [PMID: 25063582 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
LY379268 and LY354740, two agonists of mGlu2/3 metabotropic glutamate receptors, display different potencies in mouse models of schizophrenia. This differential effect of the two drugs remains unexplained. We performed a proteomic analysis in cultured cortical neurons challenged with either LY379268 or LY354740. Among the few proteins that were differentially influenced by the two drugs, Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor-β (Rab GDIβ) was down-regulated by LY379268 and showed a trend to an up-regulation in response to LY354740. In cultured hippocampal neurons, LY379268 selectively down-regulated the α isoform of Rab GDI. Rab GDI inhibits the activity of the synaptic vesicle-associated protein, Rab3A, and is reduced in the brain of schizophrenic patients. We examined the expression of Rab GDI in mice exposed to prenatal stress ("PRS mice"), which have been described as a putative model of schizophrenia. Rab GDIα protein levels were increased in the hippocampus of PRS mice at postnatal days (PND)1 and 21, but not at PND60. At PND21, PRS mice also showed a reduced depolarization-evoked [(3)H]d-aspartate release in hippocampal synaptosomes. The increase in Rab GDIα levels in the hippocampus of PRS mice was reversed by a 7-days treatment with LY379268 (1 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.), but not by treatment with equal doses of LY354740. These data strengthen the validity of PRS mice as a model of schizophrenia, and show for the first time a pharmacodynamic difference between LY379268 and LY354740 which might be taken into account in an attempt to explain the differential effect of the two drugs across mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Orlando
- IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy
| | - Marina Borro
- NESMOS Department, Advanced Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Sergio Scaccianoce
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Caruso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi di Nuzzo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy; Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jerome Mairesse
- Neural Plasticity Team, Université Lille 1, International Associated Laboratory (LIA), France
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- NESMOS Department, Advanced Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - James A Monn
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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47
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Govoni S, Mura E, Preda S, Racchi M, Lanni C, Grilli M, Zappettini S, Salamone A, Olivero G, Pittaluga A, Marchi M. Dangerous Liaisons between Beta-Amyloid and Cholinergic Neurotransmission. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 20:2525-38. [DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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Fariello RG, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Bonanno G, Pittaluga A, Milanese M, Misiano P, Farina C. Broad spectrum and prolonged efficacy of dimiracetam in models of neuropathic pain. Neuropharmacology 2014; 81:85-94. [PMID: 24486381 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dimiracetam, a bicyclic 2-pyrrolidinone derivative originally developed as cognition enhancer, is a member of the nootropic family for which anecdotal efficacy in models of neuropathic pain has been reported. Its antineuropathic activity was evaluated in established models of neuropathic pain induced by nerve injury, chemotherapy or MIA-induced osteoarthritis. Acutely, dimiracetam was very effective in models of antiretroviral drug induced painful neuropathy, oxaliplatin-induced hyperalgesia and in the MIA-osteoarthritis. Chronic dimiracetam dosing in the MIA and ART- induced models completely reverted hyperalgesia back to the level of healthy controls. Once reached, the maximal effect was maintained despite dose diminution and increased inter-dose interval. The effect of the last dose outlasted dimiracetam half-life longer than 12 times. In synaptosomal preparations, dimiracetam counteracted the NMDA-induced release of glutamate with highest potency in the spinal cord, possibly via NMDA receptor isoforms containing pH-sensitive GluN1 and GluN2A subunits. Dimiracetam appears to be a promising and safe treatment for neuropathic pain conditions for which there are very limited therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Paola Misiano
- NiKem Research, Via Zambeletti 25, I-20021 Baranzate, Milan, Italy.
| | - Carlo Farina
- Neurotune AG, Wagistrasse 27a, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.
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49
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Merega E, Prisco SD, Lanfranco M, Severi P, Pittaluga A. Complement selectively elicits glutamate release from nerve endings in different regions of mammal central nervous system. J Neurochem 2014; 129:473-83. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Merega
- Department of Pharmacy; Pharmacology and Toxicology Section; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Silvia Di Prisco
- Department of Pharmacy; Pharmacology and Toxicology Section; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | | | - Paolo Severi
- Division of Neurosurgery; Galliera Hospital; Genoa Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy; Pharmacology and Toxicology Section; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
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50
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Salamone A, Zappettini S, Grilli M, Olivero G, Agostinho P, Tomé AR, Chen J, Pittaluga A, Cunha RA, Marchi M. Prolonged nicotine exposure down-regulates presynaptic NMDA receptors in dopaminergic terminals of the rat nucleus accumbens. Neuropharmacology 2013; 79:488-97. [PMID: 24373903 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The presynaptic control of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) by glutamate and acetylcholine has a profound impact on reward signaling. Here we provide immunocytochemical and neurochemical evidence supporting the co-localization and functional interaction between nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors in dopaminergic terminals of the NAc. Most NAc dopaminergic terminals possessed the nAChR α4 subunit and the pre-exposure of synaptosomes to nicotine (30 μM) or to the α4β2-containing nAChR agonist 5IA85380 (10 nM) selectively inhibited the NMDA (100 μM)-evoked, but not the 4-aminopyridine (10 μM)-evoked, [(3)H] dopamine outflow; this inhibition was blunted by mecamylamine (10 μM). Nicotine and 5IA85380 pretreatment also inhibited the NMDA (100 μM)-evoked increase of calcium levels in single nerve terminals, an effect prevented by dihydro-β-erythroidine (1 μM). This supports a functional interaction between α4β2-containing nAChR and NMDA receptors within the same terminal, as supported by the immunocytochemical co-localization of α4 and GluN1 subunits in individual NAc dopaminergic terminals. The NMDA-evoked [(3)H]dopamine outflow was blocked by MK801 (1 μM) and inhibited by the selective GluN2B-selective antagonists ifenprodil (1 μM) and RO 25-6981 (1 μM), but not by the GluN2A-preferring antagonists CPP-19755 (1 μM) and ZnCl2 (1 nM). Notably, nicotine pretreatment significantly decreased the density of biotin-tagged GluN2B proteins in NAc synaptosomes. These results show that nAChRs dynamically and negatively regulate NMDA receptors in NAc dopaminergic terminals through the internalization of GluN2B receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paula Agostinho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jiayang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mario Marchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Italy.
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