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Olivero G, Cisani F, Marimpietri D, Di Paolo D, Gagliani MC, Podestà M, Cortese K, Pittaluga A. The Depolarization-Evoked, Ca 2+-Dependent Release of Exosomes From Mouse Cortical Nerve Endings: New Insights Into Synaptic Transmission. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:670158. [PMID: 34366842 PMCID: PMC8339587 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether exosomes can be actively released from presynaptic nerve terminals is a matter of debate. To address the point, mouse cortical synaptosomes were incubated under basal and depolarizing (25 mM KCl-enriched medium) conditions, and extracellular vesicles were isolated from the synaptosomal supernatants to be characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, and flow cytometry analyses. The structural and biochemical analysis unveiled that supernatants contain vesicles that have the size and the shape of exosomes, which were immunopositive for the exosomal markers TSG101, flotillin-1, CD63, and CD9. The marker content increased upon the exposure of nerve terminals to the high-KCl stimulus, consistent with an active release of the exosomes from the depolarized synaptosomes. High KCl-induced depolarization elicits the Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of glutamate. Interestingly, the depolarization-evoked release of exosomes from cortical synaptosomes also occurred in a Ca2+-dependent fashion, since the TSG101, CD63, and CD9 contents in the exosomal fraction isolated from supernatants of depolarized synaptosomes were significantly reduced when omitting external Ca2+ ions. Differently, (±)-baclofen (10 µM), which significantly reduced the glutamate exocytosis, did not affect the amount of exosomal markers, suggesting that the GABAB-mediated mechanism does not control the exosome release. Our findings suggest that the exposure of synaptosomes to a depolarizing stimulus elicits a presynaptic release of exosomes that occurs in a Ca2+-dependent fashion. The insensitivity to the presynaptic GABAB receptors, however, leaves open the question on whether the release of exosomes could be a druggable target for new therapeutic intervention for the cure of synaptopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Cisani
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Danilo Marimpietri
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Paolo
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, DIMES, Human Anatomy Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marina Podestà
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Katia Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, DIMES, Human Anatomy Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, 3Rs Center, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Busceti CL, Ginerete RP, Di Menna L, D'Errico G, Cisani F, Di Pietro P, Imbriglio T, Bruno V, Battaglia G, Fornai F, Monn JA, Pittaluga A, Nicoletti F. Behavioural and biochemical responses to methamphetamine are differentially regulated by mGlu2 and mGlu3 metabotropic glutamate receptors in male mice. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108692. [PMID: 34217776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors) shape mechanisms of methamphetamine addiction, but the individual role played by the two subtypes is unclear. We measured methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and motor responses to single or repeated injections of methamphetamine in wild-type, mGlu2-/-, and mGlu3-/-mice. Only mGlu3-/-mice showed methamphetamine preference in the CPP test. Motor response to the first methamphetamine injection was dramatically reduced in mGlu2-/-mice, unless these mice were treated with the mGlu5 receptor antagonist, MTEP. In contrast, methamphetamine-induced sensitization was increased in mGlu3-/-mice compared to wild-type mice. Only mGlu3-/-mice sensitized to methamphetamine showed increases in phospho-ERK1/2 levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and free radical formation in the NAc and medial prefrontal cortex. These changes were not detected in mGlu2-/-mice. We also measured a series of biochemical parameters related to the mechanism of action of methamphetamine in naïve mice to disclose the nature of the differential behavioural responses of the three genotypes. We found a reduced expression and activity of dopamine transporter (DAT) and vesicular monoamine transporter-2 in the NAc and striatum of mGlu2-/-and mGlu3-/-mice, whereas expression of the DAT adaptor, syntaxin 1A, was selectively increased in the striatum of mGlu3-/-mice. Methamphetamine-stimulated dopamine release in striatal slices was largely reduced in mGlu2-/-, but not in mGlu3-/-, mice. These findings suggest that drugs that selectively enhance mGlu3 receptor activity or negatively modulate mGlu2 receptors might be beneficial in the treatment of methamphetamine addiction and associated brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Valeria Bruno
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Genova, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, Roma, Italy.
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Olivero G, Vergassola M, Cisani F, Roggeri A, Pittaluga A. Presynaptic Release-regulating Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors: An Update. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 18:655-672. [PMID: 31775600 PMCID: PMC7457419 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191127112339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors represent the largest family of glutamate receptors in mammals and act as fine tuners of the chemical transmission in central nervous system (CNS). In the last decade, results concerning the expression and the subcellular localization of mGlu receptors further clarified their role in physio-pathological conditions. Concomitantly, their pharmacological characterization largely improved thanks to the identification of new compounds (chemical ligands and antibodies recognizing epitopic sequences of the receptor proteins) that allowed to decipher the protein compositions of the naive receptors. mGlu receptors are expressed at the presynaptic site of chemical synapses. Here, they modulate intraterminal enzymatic pathways controlling the migration and the fusion of vesicles to synaptic membranes as well as the phosphorylation of colocalized receptors. Both the control of transmitter exocytosis and the phosphorylation of colocalized receptors elicited by mGlu receptors are relevant events that dictate the plasticity of nerve terminals, and account for the main role of presynaptic mGlu receptors as modulators of neuronal signalling. The role of the presynaptic mGlu receptors in the CNS has been the matter of several studies and this review aims at briefly summarizing the recent observations obtained with isolated nerve endings (we refer to as synaptosomes). We focus on the pharmacological characterization of these receptors and on their receptor-receptor interaction / oligo-dimerization in nerve endings that could be relevant to the development of new therapeutic approaches for the cure of central pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Cisani F, Olivero G, Usai C, Van Camp G, Maccari S, Morley-Fletcher S, Pittaluga AM. Antibodies Against the NH 2-Terminus of the GluA Subunits Affect the AMPA-Evoked Releasing Activity: The Role of Complement. Front Immunol 2021; 12:586521. [PMID: 33717067 PMCID: PMC7952438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.586521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies recognizing the amino-terminal domain of receptor subunit proteins modify the receptor efficiency to controlling transmitter release in isolated nerve endings (e.g., synaptosomes) indirectly confirming their presence in these particles but also allowing to speculate on their subunit composition. Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy unveiled the presence of the GluA1, GluA2, GluA3, and GluA4 receptor subunits in cortical synaptosomes. Functional studies confirmed the presence of presynaptic release-regulating AMPA autoreceptors in these terminals, whose activation releases [3H]D-aspartate ([3H]D-Asp, here used as a marker of glutamate) in a NBQX-dependent manner. The AMPA autoreceptors traffic in a constitutive manner, since entrapping synaptosomes with the pep2-SVKI peptide (which interferes with the GluA2-GRIP1/PICK1 interaction) amplified the AMPA-evoked releasing activity, while the inactive pep2-SVKE peptide was devoid of activity. Incubation of synaptosomes with antibodies recognizing the NH2 terminus of the GluA2 and the GluA3 subunits increased, although to a different extent, the GluA2 and 3 densities in synaptosomal membranes, also amplifying the AMPA-evoked glutamate release in a NBQX-dependent fashion. We then analyzed the releasing activity of complement (1:300) from both treated and untreated synaptosomes and found that the complement-induced overflow occurred in a DL-t-BOA-sensitive, NBQX-insensitive fashion. We hypothesized that anti-GluA/GluA complexes in neuronal membranes could trigger the classic pathway of activation of the complement, modifying its releasing activity. Accordingly, the complement-evoked release of [3H]D-Asp from antiGluA2 and anti-GluA3 antibody treated synaptosomes was significantly increased when compared to untreated terminals and facilitation was prevented by omitting the C1q component of the immunocomplex. Antibodies recognizing the NH2 terminus of the GluA1 or the GluA4 subunits failed to affect both the AMPA and the complement-evoked tritium overflow. Our results suggest the presence of GluA2/GluA3-containing release-regulating AMPA autoreceptors in cortical synaptosomes. Incubation of synaptosomes with commercial anti-GluA2 or anti-GluA3 antibodies amplifies the AMPA-evoked exocytosis of glutamate through a complement-independent pathway, involving an excessive insertion of AMPA autoreceptors in plasma membranes but also affects the complement-dependent releasing activity, by promoting the classic pathway of activation of the immunocomplex. Both events could be relevant to the development of autoimmune diseases typified by an overproduction of anti-GluA subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cisani
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Genoa, Italy
| | - Guendalina Olivero
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gilles Van Camp
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA), “Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases”, University of Lille – CNRS, UGSF UMR 8576/Sapienza University of Rome and IRCCS Neuromed, Lille, France
| | - Stefania Maccari
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA), “Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases”, University of Lille – CNRS, UGSF UMR 8576/Sapienza University of Rome and IRCCS Neuromed, Lille, France
- Department of Science and Medical - Surgical Biotechnology, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Morley-Fletcher
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA), “Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases”, University of Lille – CNRS, UGSF UMR 8576/Sapienza University of Rome and IRCCS Neuromed, Lille, France
| | - Anna Maria Pittaluga
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy
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Marrocco J, Verhaeghe R, Bucci D, Di Menna L, Traficante A, Bouwalerh H, Van Camp G, Ghiglieri V, Picconi B, Calabresi P, Ravasi L, Cisani F, Bagheri F, Pittaluga A, Bruno V, Battaglia G, Morley-Fletcher S, Nicoletti F, Maccari S. Maternal stress programs accelerated aging of the basal ganglia motor system in offspring. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100265. [PMID: 33344718 PMCID: PMC7739146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress involved in the programming of stress-related illnesses can have a toxic influence on the functioning of the nigrostriatal motor system during aging. We examined the effects of perinatal stress (PRS) on the neurochemical, electrophysiological, histological, neuroimaging, and behavioral correlates of striatal motor function in adult (4 months of age) and old (21 months of age) male rats. Adult PRS offspring rats showed reduced dopamine (DA) release in the striatum associated with reductions in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) cells and DA transporter (DAT) levels, with no loss of striatal dopaminergic terminals as assessed by positron emission tomography analysis with fluorine-18-l-dihydroxyphenylalanine. Striatal levels of DA and its metabolites were increased in PRS rats. In contrast, D2 DA receptor signaling was reduced and A2A adenosine receptor signaling was increased in the striatum of adult PRS rats. This indicated enhanced activity of the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia motor circuit. Adult PRS rats also showed poorer performance in the grip strength test and motor learning tasks. The aged PRS rats also showed a persistent reduction in striatal DA release and defective motor skills in the pasta matrix and ladder rung walking tests. In addition, the old rats showed large increases in the levels of SNAP-25 and synaptophysin, which are synaptic vesicle-related proteins in the striatum, and in the PRS group only, reductions in Syntaxin-1 and Rab3a protein levels were observed. Our findings indicated that the age-dependent threshold for motor dysfunction was lowered in PRS rats. This area of research is underdeveloped, and our study suggests that early-life stress can contribute to an increased understanding of how aging diseases are programmed in early-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Marrocco
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Remy Verhaeghe
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Domenico Bucci
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Luisa Di Menna
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Hammou Bouwalerh
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) "Perinatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases": University of Lille - CNRS, UMR 8576, Sapienza University of Rome and IRCCS Neuromed, Italy
| | - Gilles Van Camp
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) "Perinatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases": University of Lille - CNRS, UMR 8576, Sapienza University of Rome and IRCCS Neuromed, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghiglieri
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurophysiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Piazzale Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Ravasi
- EA1046, IMPRT-IFR114, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Francesca Cisani
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.,Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Excellence for Biochemical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Italy
| | - Farzaneh Bagheri
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.,School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Excellence for Biochemical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Italy.,IRCCS San Martino Hospital Genova Italy, Italy
| | - Valeria Bruno
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy.,Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", University Sapienza of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy.,Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", University Sapienza of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Morley-Fletcher
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) "Perinatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases": University of Lille - CNRS, UMR 8576, Sapienza University of Rome and IRCCS Neuromed, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy.,Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", University Sapienza of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Maccari
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.,Science and Medical - Surgical Biotechnology, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Cisani F, Roggeri A, Olivero G, Garrone B, Tongiani S, Di Giorgio FP, Pittaluga A. Acute Low Dose of Trazodone Recovers Glutamate Release Efficiency and mGlu2/3 Autoreceptor Impairments in the Spinal Cord of Rats Suffering From Chronic Sciatic Ligation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1108. [PMID: 32765286 PMCID: PMC7379891 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether chronic sciatic ligation modifies the glutamate release in spinal cord nerve endings (synaptosomes) as well as the expression and the function of presynaptic release-regulating mGlu2/3 autoreceptors and 5-HT2A heteroreceptors in these particles. Synaptosomes were from the spinal cord of animals suffering from the sciatic ligation that developed on day 6 post-surgery a significant decrease of the force inducing paw-withdrawal in the lesioned paw. The exocytosis of glutamate (quantified as release of preloaded [3H]D-aspartate, [3H]D-Asp) elicited by a mild depolarizing stimulus (15 mM KCl) was significantly increased in synaptosomes from injured rats when compared to controls (uninjured rats). The mGlu2/3 agonist LY379268 (1000 pM) significantly inhibited the 15 mM KCl-evoked [3H]D-Asp overflow from control synaptosomes, but not in terminals isolated from injured animals. Differently, a low concentration (10 nM) of (±) DOI, unable to modify the 15 mM KCl-evoked [3H]D-Asp overflow in control spinal cord synaptosomes, significantly reduced the glutamate exocytosis in nerve endings isolated from the injured rats. Acute oral trazodone (TZD, 0.3 mg/kg on day 7 post-surgery) efficiently recovered glutamate exocytosis as well as the efficiency of LY379268 in inhibiting this event in spinal cord synaptosomes from injured animals. The sciatic ligation significantly reduced the expression of mGlu2/3, but not of 5-HT2A, receptor proteins in spinal cord synaptosomal lysates. Acute TZD recovered this parameter. Our results support the use of 5-HT2A antagonists for restoring altered spinal cord glutamate plasticity in rats suffering from sciatic ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cisani
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Roggeri
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Garrone
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development), Angelini Pharma S.p.A., Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Tongiani
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development), Angelini Pharma S.p.A., Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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Palese F, Bonomi E, Nuzzo T, Benussi A, Mellone M, Zianni E, Cisani F, Casamassa A, Alberici A, Scheggia D, Padovani A, Marcello E, Di Luca M, Pittaluga A, Usiello A, Borroni B, Gardoni F. Anti-GluA3 antibodies in frontotemporal dementia: effects on glutamatergic neurotransmission and synaptic failure. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 86:143-155. [PMID: 31784278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the great effort of the scientific community in the field, the pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) remains elusive. Recently, a role for autoimmunity and altered glutamatergic neurotransmission in triggering disease onset has been put forward. We reported the presence of autoantibodies recognizing the GluA3 subunit of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors in about 25% of FTD cases. In this study, we evaluated the mechanisms involved in anti-GluA3 autoimmunity, through molecular/neurochemical analyses conducted on patients' brain specimens with frontotemporal lobar degeneration-tau neuropathology. We then corroborated these results in vivo in FTD patients with transcranial magnetic stimulation and glutamate, D-serine, and L-serine dosages in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum. We observed that GluA3 autoantibodies affect glutamatergic neurotransmission, decreasing glutamate release and altering GluA3-containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor levels. These alterations were accompanied by changes of scaffolding proteins involved in receptor synaptic retention/internalization. The above results were confirmed by transcranial magnetic stimulation, suggesting a significant impairment of indirect measures of glutamatergic neurotransmission in FTD patients compared with controls, with further add-on harmful effect in those FTD patients with anti-GluA3 antibodies. Finally, FTD patients showed a significant increase of glutamate, D-serine, and L-serine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Palese
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Bonomi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Nuzzo
- Translational Neuroscience Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alberto Benussi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Manuela Mellone
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Zianni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cisani
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessia Casamassa
- Translational Neuroscience Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Antonella Alberici
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Diego Scheggia
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Usiello
- Translational Neuroscience Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Olivero G, Cisani F, Vergassola M, Pittaluga A. Prolonged activation of CXCR4 hampers the release-regulating activity of presynaptic NMDA receptors in rat hippocampal synaptosomes. Neurochem Int 2019; 126:59-63. [PMID: 30858017 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the impact of the prolonged exposure of rat hippocampal synaptosomes to CXCL12 (3 nM) on the NMDA-mediated release of [3H]D-aspartate ([3H]D-Asp) or [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA). Synaptosomes were stimulated twice with NMDA/CXCL12 and the amount of the NMDA-evoked tritium release (S1 and S2) quantified to calculate the S2/S1 ratio. The S2/S1 ratio for both transmitters was drastically decreased by 3 nM CXCL12 between the two stimuli (CXCL12-treated synaptosomes) in a AMD3100-sensitive manner. The phosphorylation of the GluN1 subunit in Ser 896 was reduced in CXCL12-treated synaptosomes, while the overall amount of GluN1 and GluN2B proteins as well as the GluN2B insertion in synaptosomal plasmamembranes were unchanged. We conclude that the CXCR4/NMDA cross-talk is dynamically regulated by the time of activation of the CXCR4s. Our results unveil a functional cross-talk that might account for the severe impairments of central transmission that develop in pathological conditions characterized by CXCL12 overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Cisani
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Vergassola
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
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Olivero G, Vergassola M, Cisani F, Usai C, Pittaluga A. Immuno-Pharmacological Characterization of Presynaptic GluN3A-Containing NMDA Autoreceptors: Relevance to Anti-NMDA Receptor Autoimmune Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6142-6155. [PMID: 30734226 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mouse hippocampal glutamatergic nerve endings express presynaptic release-regulating NMDA autoreceptors (NMDARs). The presence of GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B, and GluN3A subunits in hippocampal vesicular glutamate transporter type 1-positive synaptosomes was confirmed with confocal microscopy. GluN2C, GluN2D, and GluN3B immunopositivity was scarcely present. Incubation of synaptosomes with the anti-GluN1, the anti-GluN2A, the anti-GluN2B, or the anti-GluN3A antibody prevented the 30 μM NMDA/1 μM glycine-evoked [3H]D-aspartate ([3H]D-ASP) release. The NMDA/glycine-evoked [3H]D-ASP release was reduced by increasing the external protons, consistent with the participation of GluN1 subunits lacking the N1 cassette to the receptor assembly. The result also excludes the involvement of GluN1/GluN3A dimers into the NMDA-evoked overflow. Complement (1:300) released [3H]D-ASP in a dizocilpine-sensitive manner, suggesting the participation of a NMDAR-mediated component in the releasing activity. Accordingly, the complement-evoked glutamate overflow was reduced in anti-GluN-treated synaptosomes when compared to the control. We speculated that incubation with antibodies had favored the internalization of NMDA receptors. Indeed, a significant reduction of the GluN1 and GluN2B proteins in the plasma membranes of anti-GluN1 or anti-GluN2B antibody-treated synaptosomes emerged in biotinylation studies. Altogether, our findings confirm the existence of presynaptic GluN3A-containing release-regulating NMDARs in mouse hippocampal glutamatergic nerve endings. Furthermore, they unveil presynaptic alteration of the GluN subunit insertion in synaptosomal plasma membranes elicited by anti-GluN antibodies that might be relevant to the central alterations occurring in patients suffering from autoimmune anti-NMDA diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Vergassola
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Cisani
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy. .,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
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Vergassola M, Olivero G, Cisani F, Usai C, Bossi S, Puliti A, Pittaluga A. Presynaptic mGlu1 Receptors Control GABA B Receptors in an Antagonist-Like Manner in Mouse Cortical GABAergic and Glutamatergic Nerve Endings. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:324. [PMID: 30279647 PMCID: PMC6153310 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse cortical GABAergic synaptosomes possess presynaptic inhibitory GABAB autoreceptors. Accordingly, (±)baclofen (3 μM) inhibits in a CGP53423-sensitive manner the 12 mM KCl-evoked release of preloaded [3H]GABA. Differently, the existence of presynaptic release-regulating metabotropic glutamate type 1 (mGlu1) heteroreceptors in these terminals is still matter of discussion, although confocal microscopy unveiled the existence of mGlu1α with GABAB1 or GABAB2 proteins in cortical VGAT-positive synaptosomes. The group I mGlu agonist 3,5-DHPG failed to modify on its own the 12 mM KCl-evoked [3H]GABA exocytosis from cortical nerve endings, but, when added concomitantly to the GABAB agonist, it significantly reduced the 3 μM (±)baclofen-induced inhibition of [3H]GABA exocytosis. Conversely, the mGlu1 antagonist LY367385 (0.03–1 μM), inactive on its own on GABA exocytosis, amplified the 3 μM (±)baclofen-induced inhibition of [3H]GABA overflow. The ( ± )baclofen-induced inhibition of [3H]GABA exocytosis was more pronounced in cortical synaptosomes from Grm1crv4/crv4 mice, which bear a spontaneous mutation of the Grm1 gene leading to the functional inactivation of the mGlu1 receptor. Inasmuch, the expression of GABAB2 receptor protein in cortical synaptosomal lysates from Grm1crv4/crv4 mice was increased when compared to controls. Altogether, these observations seem best interpreted by assuming that mGlu1 coexist with GABAB receptors in GABAergic cortical synaptosomes, where they control GABA receptors in an antagonist-like manner. We then asked whether the mGlu1-mediated control of GABAB receptors is restricted to GABAergic terminals, or if it occurs also in other subpopulations of nerve endings. Release-regulating GABAB receptors also exist in glutamatergic nerve endings. (±)baclofen (1 μM) diminished the 12 mM KCl-evoked [3H]D-aspartate overflow. Also in these terminals, the concomitant presence of 1 μM LY367385, inactive on its own, significantly amplified the inhibitory effect exerted by (±)baclofen on [3H]D-aspartate exocytosis. Confocal microscopy confirmed the colocalization of mGlu1 with GABAB1 and GABAB2 labeling in vesicular glutamate type1 transporter-positive particles. Our results support the conclusion that mGlu1 receptors modulate in an antagonist-like manner presynaptic release-regulating GABAB receptors. This receptor–receptor interaction could be neuroprotective in central disease typified by hyperglutamatergicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone Bossi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldamaria Puliti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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