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Loussouarn G, Sternberg D, Nicole S, Marionneau C, Le Bouffant F, Toumaniantz G, Barc J, Malak OA, Fressart V, Péréon Y, Baró I, Charpentier F. Physiological and Pathophysiological Insights of Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 Comparison. Front Pharmacol 2016; 6:314. [PMID: 26834636 PMCID: PMC4712308 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 α-subunits have been associated with muscular and cardiac channelopathies, respectively. Despite intense research on the structure and function of these channels, a lot of information is still missing to delineate the various physiological and pathophysiological processes underlying their activity at the molecular level. Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 sequences are similar, suggesting structural and functional homologies between the two orthologous channels. This also suggests that any characteristics described for one channel subunit may shed light on the properties of the counterpart channel subunit. In this review article, after a brief clinical description of the muscular and cardiac channelopathies related to Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 mutations, respectively, we compare the knowledge accumulated in different aspects of the expression and function of Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 α-subunits: the regulation of the two encoding genes (SCN4A and SCN5A), the associated/regulatory proteins and at last, the functional effect of the same missense mutations detected in Nav1.4 and Nav1.5. First, it appears that more is known on Nav1.5 expression and accessory proteins. Because of the high homologies of Nav1.5 binding sites and equivalent Nav1.4 sites, Nav1.5-related results may guide future investigations on Nav1.4. Second, the analysis of the same missense mutations in Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 revealed intriguing similarities regarding their effects on membrane excitability and alteration in channel biophysics. We believe that such comparison may bring new cues to the physiopathology of cardiac and muscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gildas Loussouarn
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1087, l'Institut du ThoraxNantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6291Nantes, France; Université de NantesNantes, France
| | - Damien Sternberg
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1127Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, UMR S1127Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, ICMParis, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Centres de Référence des Canalopathies Musculaires et des Maladies Neuro-musculaires Paris-EstParis, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Unité de Cardiogénétique et MyogénétiqueParis, France
| | - Sophie Nicole
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1127Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, UMR S1127Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, ICMParis, France
| | - Céline Marionneau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1087, l'Institut du ThoraxNantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6291Nantes, France; Université de NantesNantes, France
| | - Francoise Le Bouffant
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1087, l'Institut du ThoraxNantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6291Nantes, France; Université de NantesNantes, France
| | - Gilles Toumaniantz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1087, l'Institut du ThoraxNantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6291Nantes, France; Université de NantesNantes, France
| | - Julien Barc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1087, l'Institut du ThoraxNantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6291Nantes, France; Université de NantesNantes, France
| | - Olfat A Malak
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1087, l'Institut du ThoraxNantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6291Nantes, France; Université de NantesNantes, France
| | - Véronique Fressart
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Unité de Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Paris, France
| | - Yann Péréon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Nantes-AngersNantes, France; Atlantic Gene Therapies - Biotherapy Institute for Rare DiseasesNantes, France
| | - Isabelle Baró
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1087, l'Institut du ThoraxNantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6291Nantes, France; Université de NantesNantes, France
| | - Flavien Charpentier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1087, l'Institut du ThoraxNantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6291Nantes, France; Université de NantesNantes, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, l'Institut du ThoraxNantes, France
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Pomorski A, Adamczyk J, Bishop AC, Krężel A. Probing the target-specific inhibition of sensitized protein tyrosine phosphatases with biarsenical probes. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1395-403. [PMID: 25460004 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02256d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Selective control of enzyme activity is critical for elucidating the roles of specific proteins in signaling pathways. One potential means for developing truly target-specific inhibitors involves the use of protein engineering to sensitize a target enzyme to inhibition by a small molecule that does not inhibit homologous wild-type enzymes. Previously, it has been shown that protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) can be sensitized to inhibition by a biarsenical probe, FlAsH-EDT2, which inhibits PTP activity by specifically binding to cysteine residues that have been introduced into catalytically important regions. In the present study, we developed an array of biarsenical probes, some newly synthesized and some previously reported, to investigate for the first time the structure-activity relationships for PTP inhibition by biarsenicals. Our data show that biarsenical probes which contain substitutions at the 2' and 7' positions are more effective than FlAsH-EDT2 at inhibiting sensitized PTPs. The increased potency of 2',7'-substituted probes was observed when PTPs were assayed with both para-nitrophenylphosphate and phosphopeptide PTP substrates and at multiple probe concentrations. The data further indicate that the enhanced inhibitory properties are the result of increased binding affinity between the 2',7'-substituted biarsenical probes and sensitized PTPs. In addition we provide previously unknown physicochemical and stability data for various biarsenical probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pomorski
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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Chio CM, Yu X, Bishop AC. Rational design of allosteric-inhibition sites in classical protein tyrosine phosphatases. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2828-38. [PMID: 25828055 PMCID: PMC4451255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), which catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine in protein substrates, are critical regulators of metazoan cell signaling and have emerged as potential drug targets for a range of human diseases. Strategies for chemically targeting the function of individual PTPs selectively could serve to elucidate the signaling roles of these enzymes and would potentially expedite validation of the therapeutic promise of PTP inhibitors. Here we report a novel strategy for the design of non-natural allosteric-inhibition sites in PTPs; these sites, which can be introduced into target PTPs through protein engineering, serve to sensitize target PTPs to potent and selective inhibition by a biarsenical small molecule. Building on the recent discovery of a naturally occurring cryptic allosteric site in wild-type Src-homology-2 domain containing PTP (Shp2) that can be targeted by biarsenical compounds, we hypothesized that Shp2's unusual sensitivity to biarsenicals could be strengthened through rational design and that the Shp2-specific site could serve as a blueprint for the introduction of non-natural inhibitor sensitivity in other PTPs. Indeed, we show here that the strategic introduction of a cysteine residue at a position removed from the Shp2 active site can serve to increase the potency and selectivity of the interaction between Shp2's allosteric site and the biarsenical inhibitor. Moreover, we find that 'Shp2-like' allosteric sites can be installed de novo in PTP enzymes that do not possess naturally occurring sensitivity to biarsenical compounds. Using primary-sequence alignments to guide our enzyme engineering, we have successfully introduced allosteric-inhibition sites in four classical PTPs-PTP1B, PTPH-1, FAP-1, and HePTP-from four different PTP subfamilies, suggesting that our sensitization approach can likely be applied widely across the classical PTP family to generate biarsenical-responsive PTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Chio
- Amherst College, Department of Chemistry, Amherst, MA 01002, United States
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- Amherst College, Department of Chemistry, Amherst, MA 01002, United States
| | - Anthony C Bishop
- Amherst College, Department of Chemistry, Amherst, MA 01002, United States.
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Bahta M, Burke TR. Oxime-based click chemistry in the development of 3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid containing inhibitors of Yersinia pestis protein tyrosine phosphatase, YopH. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:1363-70. [PMID: 21671403 PMCID: PMC3734799 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenicity of Yersinia pestis relies on several effector proteins including YopH, a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP). We previously screened a library of analogues based on the ubiquitous PTP substrate para-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP) and found that incorporation of a 3-phenyl substituent to give 6-nitro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yldihydrogen phosphate (1) enhanced affinity. Herein we report the conversion of 1 from a substrate into an inhibitor by replacing the hydrolysable phosphoryl group with a 3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid moiety and by introduction of an aminooxy group and subsequent diversification using oxime-based click chemistry. This approach led to the identification of non-promiscuous bidentate YopH inhibitors with affinity in the low micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhanit Bahta
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular Discovery Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, P.O. Box, Bldg. 376 Boyles St., Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Terrence R. Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular Discovery Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, P.O. Box, Bldg. 376 Boyles St., Frederick, MD 21702
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Zhang XY, Chen VL, Rosen MS, Blair ER, Lone AM, Bishop AC. Allele-specific inhibition of divergent protein tyrosine phosphatases with a single small molecule. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:8090-7. [PMID: 18678493 PMCID: PMC2561268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/19/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A central challenge of chemical biology is the development of small-molecule tools for controlling protein activity in a target-specific manner. Such tools are particularly useful if they can be systematically applied to the members of large protein families. Here we report that protein tyrosine phosphatases can be systematically 'sensitized' to target-specific inhibition by a cell-permeable small molecule, Fluorescein Arsenical Hairpin Binder (FlAsH), which does not inhibit any wild-type PTP investigated to date. We show that insertion of a FlAsH-binding peptide at a conserved position in the PTP catalytic-domain's WPD loop confers novel FlAsH sensitivity upon divergent PTPs. The position of the sensitizing insertion is readily identifiable from primary-sequence alignments, and we have generated FlAsH-sensitive mutants for seven different classical PTPs from six distinct subfamilies of receptor and non-receptor PTPs, including one phosphatase (PTP-PEST) whose three-dimensional catalytic-domain structure is not known. In all cases, FlAsH-mediated PTP inhibition was target specific and potent, with inhibition constants for the seven sensitized PTPs ranging from 17 to 370 nM. Our results suggest that a substantial fraction of the PTP superfamily will be likewise sensitizable to allele-specific inhibition; FlAsH-based PTP targeting thus potentially provides a rapid, general means for selectively targeting PTP activity in cell-culture- or model-organism-based signaling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Zhang
- Amherst College, Department of Chemistry, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
| | - Vincent L. Chen
- Amherst College, Department of Chemistry, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
| | - Mari S. Rosen
- Amherst College, Department of Chemistry, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
| | | | - Anna Mari Lone
- Amherst College, Department of Chemistry, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
| | - Anthony C. Bishop
- Amherst College, Department of Chemistry, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
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Pilecka I, Patrignani C, Pescini R, Curchod ML, Perrin D, Xue Y, Yasenchak J, Clark A, Magnone MC, Zaratin P, Valenzuela D, Rommel C, van Huijsduijnen RH. Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase H1 Controls Growth Hormone Receptor Signaling and Systemic Growth. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:35405-15. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705814200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Bishop AC, Zhang XY, Lone AM. Generation of inhibitor-sensitive protein tyrosine phosphatases via active-site mutations. Methods 2007; 42:278-88. [PMID: 17532515 PMCID: PMC1950444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine, a central control element in mammalian signal transduction. Small-molecule inhibitors that are specific for each cellular PTP would be valuable tools in dissecting phosphorylation networks and for validating PTPs as therapeutic targets. However, the common architecture of PTP active sites impedes the discovery of selective PTP inhibitors. Our laboratory has recently used enzyme/inhibitor-interface engineering to generate selective PTP inhibitors. The crux of the strategy resides in the design of "inhibitor-sensitized" PTPs through protein engineering of a novel binding pocket in the target PTP. "Allele-specific" inhibitors that selectively target the sensitized PTP can be synthesized by modifying broad-specificity inhibitors with bulky chemical groups that are incompatible with wild-type PTP active sites; alternatively, specific inhibitors that serendipitously recognize the sensitized PTP's non-natural pocket may be discovered from panels of "non-rationally" designed compounds. In this review, we describe the current state of the PTP-sensitization strategy, with emphases on the methodology of identifying PTP-sensitizing mutations and synthesizing the compounds that have been found to target PTPs in an allele-specific manner. Moreover, we discuss the scope of PTP sensitization in regard to the potential application of the approach across the family of classical PTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
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Jespersen T, Gavillet B, van Bemmelen MX, Cordonier S, Thomas MA, Staub O, Abriel H. Cardiac sodium channel Na(v)1.5 interacts with and is regulated by the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPH1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 348:1455-62. [PMID: 16930557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify proteins interacting with the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel Na(v)1.5, we used the last 66 amino acids of the C-terminus of the channel as bait to screen a human cardiac cDNA library. We identified the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPH1 as an interacting protein. Pull-down experiments confirmed the interaction, and indicated that it depends on the PDZ-domain binding motif of Na(v)1.5. Co-expression experiments in HEK293 cells showed that PTPH1 shifts the Na(v)1.5 availability relationship toward hyperpolarized potentials, whereas an inactive PTPH1 or the tyrosine kinase Fyn does the opposite. The results of this study suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation destabilizes the inactivated state of Na(v)1.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jespersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bishop AC, Blair ER. A gatekeeper residue for inhibitor sensitization of protein tyrosine phosphatases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4002-6. [PMID: 16716588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Revised: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Allele-specific enzyme inhibitors are powerful tools in chemical biology. However, few general approaches for the discovery of such inhibitors have been described. Herein is reported a method for the sensitization of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) to small-molecule inhibition. It is shown that mutation of an active-site isoleucine to alanine (I219A) sensitizes PTP1B to inhibition by a class of thiophene-based inhibitors. This sensitization strategy succeeds for both 'orthogonal' inhibitors, designed to be incompatible with wild-type PTP active sites, and previously optimized wild-type PTP inhibitors. The finding that the I219A mutation sensitizes phosphatase domains to a variety of compounds suggests that isoleucine 219 may act as a 'gatekeeper' residue that can be widely exploited for the chemical-genetic analysis of PTP function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
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