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Jiang L, Tang A, Song L, Tong Y, Fan H. Advances in the development of antivirals for rotavirus infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1041149. [PMID: 37006293 PMCID: PMC10063883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1041149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) causes 200,000 deaths per year and imposes a serious burden to public health and livestock farming worldwide. Currently, rehydration (oral and intravenous) remains the main strategy for the treatment of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE), and no specific drugs are available. This review discusses the viral replication cycle in detail and outlines possible therapeutic approaches including immunotherapy, probiotic-assisted therapy, anti-enteric secretory drugs, Chinese medicine, and natural compounds. We present the latest advances in the field of rotavirus antivirals and highlights the potential use of Chinese medicine and natural compounds as therapeutic agents. This review provides an important reference for rotavirus prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lihua Song
- *Correspondence: Huahao Fan, ; Yigang Tong, ; Lihua Song,
| | - Yigang Tong
- *Correspondence: Huahao Fan, ; Yigang Tong, ; Lihua Song,
| | - Huahao Fan
- *Correspondence: Huahao Fan, ; Yigang Tong, ; Lihua Song,
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Branched-chain sugar nucleosides: stereocontrolled synthesis and bioevaluation of novel 3'-C-trifluoromethyl and 3'-C-methyl pyranonucleosides. Carbohydr Res 2015; 407:170-8. [PMID: 25812993 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 3'-C-trifluoromethyl- and 3'-C-methyl-β-d-allopyranonucleosides of 5-fluorouracil and their deoxy derivatives has been designed and synthesized. Treatment of ketosugar 1 with trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane under catalytic fluoride activation and methyl magnesium bromide, gave 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-3-C-trifluoromethyl (2a) and 3-C-methyl (2b)-α-D-allofuranose, respectively, in a virtually quantitative yield and with complete stereoselectivity. Hydrolysis followed by acetylation led to the 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-3-C-trifluoromethyl (3a) and 3-C-methyl (3b)-β-D-allopyranose. Compounds 3a,b were then condensed with silylated 5-fluorouracil and deacetylated to afford the target nucleosides 5a,b. Deoxygenation of the peracylated allopyranoses 3a,b followed by condensation with silylated 5-fluorouracil and subsequent deacetylation yielded the target 3'-deoxy-3'-C-trifluoromethyl and 3'-deoxy-3'-C-methyl-β-d-glucopyranonucleosides 14a,b. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their potential antiviral and cytostatic activities. The 3'-deoxy-3'-C-methyl- ribonucleoside 11b showed significant cytotoxic activity (∼7 μM) almost equally active against a variety of tumor cell lines.
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Dimopoulou A, Manta S, Kiritsis C, Gkaragkouni DN, Papasotiriou I, Balzarini J, Komiotis D. Rapid microwave-enhanced synthesis of C5-alkynyl pyranonucleosides as novel cytotoxic antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1330-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Manta S, Parmenopoulou V, Kiritsis C, Dimopoulou A, Kollatos N, Papasotiriou I, Balzarini J, Komiotis D. Stereocontrolled facile synthesis and biological evaluation of (3'S) and (3'R)-3'-amino (and Azido)-3'-deoxy pyranonucleosides. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2012; 31:522-35. [PMID: 22849646 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2012.696759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the synthesis of (3 'S) and (3 'R)-3 '-amino-3 '-deoxy pyranonucleosides and their precursors (3 'S) and (3 'R)-3 '-azido-3 '-deoxy pyranonucleosides. Azidation of 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-3-O-toluenesulfonyl-α-D-allofuranose followed by hydrolysis and subsequent acetylation afforded 3-azido-3-deoxy-1,2,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-D-glucopyranose, which upon coupling with the proper silylated bases, deacetylation, and catalytic hydrogenation, obtained the target 3 '-amino-3 '-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranonucleosides. The desired 1-(3 '-amino-3 '-deoxy-β-D-allopyranosyl)5-fluorouracil was readily prepared from the suitable imidazylate sugar after azidation followed by a protection/deprotection sequence and reduction of the unprotected azido precursor. No antiviral activity was observed for the novel nucleosides. Moderate cytostatic activity was recorded for the 5-fluorouracil derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Manta
- Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Kiritsis C, Manta S, Parmenopoulou V, Dimopoulou A, Kollatos N, Papasotiriou I, Balzarini J, Komiotis D. Stereocontrolled synthesis of 4′-C-cyano and 4′-C-cyano-4′-deoxy pyrimidine pyranonucleosides as potential chemotherapeutic agents. Carbohydr Res 2012; 364:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Balatsos N, Vlachakis D, Chatzigeorgiou V, Manta S, Komiotis D, Vlassi M, Stathopoulos C. Kinetic and in silico analysis of the slow-binding inhibition of human poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) by novel nucleoside analogues. Biochimie 2012; 94:214-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Kiritsis C, Manta S, Parmenopoulou V, Balzarini J, Komiotis D. Branched-chain C-cyano pyranonucleosides: synthesis of 3'-C-cyano & 3'-C-cyano-3'-deoxy pyrimidine pyranonucleosides as novel cytotoxic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5668-74. [PMID: 21917363 PMCID: PMC7115479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the total and facile synthesis of 3′-C-cyano & 3′-C-cyano-3′-deoxy pyrimidine pyranonucleosides. Reaction of 3-keto glucoside 1 with sodium cyanide gave the desired precursor 3-C-cyano-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose (2). Hydrolysis followed by acetylation led to the 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-acetyl-3-C-cyano-D-glucopyranose (4). Compound 4 was condensed with silylated 5-fluorouracil, uracil, thymine and N4-benzoylcytosine, respectively and deacetylated to afford the target 1-(3′-C-cyano-β-D-glucopyranosyl)nucleosides 6a–d. Routine deoxygenation at position 3′ of cyanohydrin 2, followed by hydrolysis and acetylation led to the 3-C-cyano-3-deoxy-1,2,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-D-allopyranose (10). Coupling of sugar 10 with silylated pyrimidines and subsequent deacetylation yielded the target 1-(3′-C-cyano-3′-deoxy-β-D-allopyranosyl)nucleosides 12a–d. The new analogues were evaluated for their antiviral and cytostatic activities. It was found that 6a was endowed with a pronounced anti-proliferative activity that was only 2- to 8-fold less potent than that shown for the parental base 5-fluorouracil. None of the compounds showed activity against a broad panel of DNA and RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Kiritsis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
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Tsoukala E, Manta S, Tzioumaki N, Kiritsis C, Komiotis D. Keto-fluorothiopyranosyl nucleosides: a convenient synthesis of 2- and 4-keto-3-fluoro-5-thioxylopyranosyl thymine analogs. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:2011-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene d-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: Novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:993-1005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Efficient synthesis of exomethylene- and keto-exomethylene-d-glucopyranosyl nucleoside analogs as potential cytotoxic agents. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:328-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Landelle G, Bergeron M, Turcotte-Savard MO, Paquin JF. Synthetic approaches to monofluoroalkenes. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:2867-908. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00201a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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Liu F, Li G, Wen K, Bui T, Cao D, Zhang Y, Yuan L. Porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) of rotavirus infection as a new model for the study of innate immune responses to rotaviruses and probiotics. Viral Immunol 2010; 23:135-49. [PMID: 20373994 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2009.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of epithelial immune responses to rotavirus infection have been conducted in transformed cell lines. In this study, we evaluated a non-transformed porcine jejunum epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) as an in-vitro model of rotavirus infection and probiotic treatment. Cell-culture-adapted porcine rotavirus (PRV) OSU strain, or human rotavirus (HRV) Wa strain, along with Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) were used to inoculate IPEC-J2 cells. LA or LGG treatment was applied pre- or post-rotavirus infection. We demonstrated that IPEC-J2 cells were productively infected by PRV. LA or LGG treatment of the cells did not reduce virus replication. PRV infection increased MUC3 mucin secretion. LGG treatment post-rotavirus infection reduced the mucin secretion response induced by PRV; LGG alone increased the production of membrane-associated MUC3 mucin. LA treatment prior to rotavirus infection significantly increased PRV replication and the IL-6 response to PRV infection, which is consistent with the adjuvant effect of LA. LGG treatment post-rotavirus infection downregulated the IL-6 response, confirming the anti-inflammatory effect of LGG. IPEC-J2 cells expressed toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR3, and TLR9 constitutively. TLR2 expression was upregulated by LGG and peptidoglycan, corresponding to the decreased IL-6 response, indicating that the protective effect of LGG is associated with upregulation of TLR2 expression on intestinal epithelial cells. The IPEC-J2 cell model of PRV infection is a completely homologous system. It is a valuable model for studying the interactions among rotavirus-host-probiotics, and the mechanisms behind the immunomodulating effect of probiotic bacteria on innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangning Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Tsoukala E, Tzioumaki N, Manta S, Riga A, Balzarini J, Komiotis D. Synthesis of 3-fluoro-6-S-(2-S-pyridyl) nucleosides as potential lead cytostatic agents. Bioorg Chem 2010; 38:285-93. [PMID: 20817215 PMCID: PMC7112006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-6-S-(2-S-pyridyl)-6-thio-β-d-glucopyranosyl nucleoside analogs 7 were prepared via two facile synthetic routes. Their precursors, 3-fluoro-6-thio-glucopyranosyl nucleosides 5a-e, were obtained by the sequence of deacetylation of 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-β-d-glucopyranosyl nucleosides 2a-e, selective tosylation of the primary OH of 3 and finally treatment with potassium thioacetate. The desired thiolpyridine protected analogs 7a-c,f,g were obtained by the sequence of deacetylation of 5a-c followed by thiopyridinylation and/or condensation of the corresponding heterocyclic bases with the newly synthesized peracetylated 6-S-(2-S-pyridyl) sugar precursor 13, which was obtained via a novel synthetic route from glycosyl donor 12. None of the compounds 6 and 7 showed antiviral activity, but the 5-fluorouracil derivative 7c and particularly the uracil derivative 7b were endowed with an interesting and selective cytostatic action against a variety of murine and human tumor cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Tsoukala
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Greece
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14
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Tsirkone VG, Tsoukala E, Lamprakis C, Manta S, Hayes JM, Skamnaki VT, Drakou C, Zographos SE, Komiotis D, Leonidas DD. 1-(3-Deoxy-3-fluoro-β-d-glucopyranosyl) pyrimidine derivatives as inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase b: Kinetic, crystallographic and modelling studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:3413-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Synthesis of 4,6-dideoxy-3-fluoro-2-keto-β-d-glucopyranosyl analogues of 5-fluorouracil, N6-benzoyl adenine, uracil, thymine, N4-benzoyl cytosine and evaluation of their antitumor activities. Bioorg Chem 2010; 38:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Manta S, Tsoukala E, Tzioumaki N, Goropevšek A, Pamulapati RT, Cencič A, Balzarini J, Komiotis D. Dideoxy fluoro-ketopyranosyl nucleosides as potent antiviral agents: synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,3- and 3,4-dideoxy-3-fluoro-4- and -2-keto-beta-d-glucopyranosyl derivatives of N(4)-benzoyl cytosine. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:2696-704. [PMID: 19246130 PMCID: PMC7126854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the dideoxy fluoro ketopyranonucleoside analogues, 1-(2,3-dideoxy-3-fluoro-6-O-trityl-beta-d-glycero-hexopyranosyl-4-ulose)-N(4)-benzoyl cytosine (7a), 1-(3,4-dideoxy-3-fluoro-6-O-trityl-beta-d-glycero-hexopyranosyl-2-ulose)-N(4)-benzoyl cytosine (13a) and their detritylated analogues 8a and 14a, respectively, is described. Condensation of peracetylated 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glucopyranose (1) with silylated N(4)-benzoyl cytosine, followed by selective deprotection and isopropylidenation afforded compound 2. Routine deoxygenation at position 2', followed by a deprotection-selective reprotection sequence afforded the partially tritylated dideoxy nucleoside of cytosine 6, which upon oxidation of the free hydroxyl group at the 4'-position, furnished the desired tritylated 2,3-dideoxy-3-fluoro ketonucleoside 7a in equilibrium with its hydrated form 7b. Compound 2 was the starting material for the synthesis of the dideoxy fluoro ketopyranonucleoside 13a. Similarly, several subsequent protection and deprotection steps as well as routine deoxygenation at position 4', followed by oxidation of the free hydroxyl group at the 2'-position of the partially tritylated dideoxy nucleoside 12, yielded the desired carbonyl compound 13a in equilibrium with its hydrated form 13b. Finally, trityl removal from 7a/b and 13a/b provided the unprotected 2,3-dideoxy-3-fluoro-4-keto and 3,4-dideoxy-3-fluoro-2-ketopyranonucleoside analogues 8a and 14a, in equilibrium with their gem-diol forms 8b and 14b. None of the compounds showed inhibitory activity against a wide variety of DNA and RNA viruses at subtoxic concentrations, except 7a/b that was highly efficient against rotavirus infection. Nucleoside 7a/b also exhibited cytostatic activity against cells of various cancers. BrdU-cell cycle analysis revealed that the mechanism of cytostatic activity may be related to a delay in G1/S phase and initiation of programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Manta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Evangelia Tsoukala
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Niki Tzioumaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Aleš Goropevšek
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Ravi Teja Pamulapati
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maribor, Vrbanska c.30, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Avrelija Cencič
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maribor, Vrbanska c.30, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universtiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Komiotis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
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Tzioumaki N, Tsoukala E, Manta S, Agelis G, Balzarini J, Komiotis D. Synthesis, Antiviral and Cytostatic Evaluation of Unsaturated Exomethylene and Keto D‐Lyxopyranonucleoside Analogues. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2009; 342:353-60. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200900004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Pisal DS, Yellepeddi VK, Kumar A, Palakurthi S. Transport of Surface Engineered Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) Dendrimers Across IPEC-J2 Cell Monolayers. Drug Deliv 2008; 15:515-22. [DOI: 10.1080/10717540802321826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- The University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA 30602
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Synthesis and molecular modelling of unsaturated exomethylene pyranonucleoside analogues with antitumor and antiviral activities. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:1366-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tsoukala E, Manta S, Tzioumaki N, Agelis G, Komiotis D. A concise synthesis of 3-fluoro-5-thio-xylo- and glucopyranoses, useful precursors towards their corresponding pyranonucleoside derivatives. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:1099-103. [PMID: 18313037 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of 1,2,4-tri-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-3-fluoro-5-thio-D-xylopyranose, 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-3-fluoro-5-thio-alpha-D-glucopyranose and their corresponding nucleosides of thymine is described. Treatment of 3-fluoro-5-S-acetyl-5-thio-D-xylofuranose, obtained by hydrolysis of the isopropylidene group of 3-fluoro-1,2-O-isopropylidene-5-S-acetyl-5-thio-D-xylofuranose, with methanolic ammonia and direct acetylation, led to triacetylated 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-5-thio-D-xylopyranose. Condensation of acetylated 3-fluoro-5-thio-D-xylopyranose with silylated thymine afforded the corresponding nucleoside. Selective benzoylation and direct methanesulfonylation of 3-fluoro-1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranose gave the 6-O-benzoyl-5-O-methylsulfonyl derivative, which on treatment with sodium methoxide afforded the 5,6-anhydro derivative. Treatment of the latter with thiourea, followed by acetolysis, gave the 3-fluoro-5-S-acetyl-6-O-acetyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-5-thio-alpha-D-glucofuranose. 3-fluoro-5-S-acetyl-6-O-acetyl-5-thio-D-glucofuranose, obtained after hydrolysis of 5-thiofuranose isopropylidene, was treated with ammonia in methanol and directly acetylated, giving tetraacetylated 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-5-thio-alpha-D-glucopyranose. Condensation of the latter with silylated thymine afforded the desired 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-5-thio-beta-D-glucopyranonucleoside analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Tsoukala
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., GR-41221 Larissa, Greece
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Manta S, Agelis G, Botić T, Cencic A, Komiotis D. Unsaturated fluoro-ketopyranosyl nucleosides: Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-fluoro-4-keto-β-d-glucopyranosyl derivatives of N4-benzoyl cytosine and N6-benzoyl adenine. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:420-8. [PMID: 17548129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The protected beta-nucleosides 1-(2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-3-fluoro-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-N(4)-benzoyl cytosine (2a) and 9-(2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-3-fluoro-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-N(6)-benzoyl adenine (2b), were synthesized by the coupling of peracetylated 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-d-glucopyranose (1) with silylated N(4)-benzoyl cytosine and N(6)-benzoyl adenine, respectively. The nucleosides were deacetylated and several subsequent protection and deprotection steps afforded the partially acetylated nucleosides of cytosine 7a and adenine 7b, respectively. Finally, direct oxidation of the free hydroxyl group at 4'-position of 7a and 7b, and simultaneous elimination reaction of the beta-acetoxyl group, afforded the desired unsaturated 3-fluoro-4-keto-beta-d-glucopyranosyl derivatives. These newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their potential antitumor and antiviral activities. Compared to 5FU, the newly synthesized derivatives showed to be more efficient as antitumor growth inhibitors and they exhibited direct antiviral effect toward rotavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Manta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Street, 41221 Larissa, Greece
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Agelis G, Tzioumaki N, Botić T, Cencic A, Komiotis D. Exomethylene pyranonucleosides: Efficient synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-(2,3,4-trideoxy-2-methylene-β-d-glycero-hex-3-enopyranosyl)thymine. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:5448-56. [PMID: 17555969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new series of unsaturated pyranonucleosides with an exocyclic methylene group and thymine as heterocyclic base have been designed and synthesized. d-Galactose (1) was readily transformed in three steps into the corresponding 1-(beta-d-galactopyranosyl)thymine (2). Selective protection of the primary hydroxyl group of 2 with a t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) group, followed by specific acetalation, and oxidation gave 1-(6-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-3,4-O-isopropylidene-beta-d-lyxo-hexopyranosyl-2-ulose)thymine (5). Wittig reaction of the ketonucleoside 5, deprotection and tritylation of the 6'-hydroxyl group gave 1-(2-deoxy-2-methylene-6-O-trityl-beta-d-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)thymine (9). Exomethylene pyranonucleoside 9 was converted to the olefinic derivative 10, which after detritylation afforded the title compound 1-(2,3,4-trideoxy-2-methylene-beta-d-glycero-hex-3-enopyranosyl)thymine (11). These novel synthesized compounds were evaluated for antiviral activity against rotaviral infection and cytotoxicity in colon cancer. As compared to AZT, compounds 1-(2-deoxy-2-methylene-beta-d-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)thymine (7) and 1-(beta-d-lyxo-hexopyranosyl-2-ulose)thymine (8) showed to be more efficient, in rotavirus infections and in treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Agelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Street, 41221 Larissa, Greece
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Antioxidant Activity of a Series of FluorinatedPyrano-nucleoside Analogues of N4-benzoyl Cytosine andN6-benzoyl Adenine. Int J Mol Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.3390/i8070695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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