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Ferreira GM, Kronenberger T, Maltarollo VG, Poso A, de Moura Gatti F, Almeida VM, Marana SR, Lopes CD, Tezuka DY, de Albuquerque S, da Silva Emery F, Trossini GHG. Trypanosoma cruzi Sirtuin 2 as a Relevant Druggable Target: New Inhibitors Developed by Computer-Aided Drug Design. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030428. [PMID: 36986527 PMCID: PMC10057528 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, relies on finely coordinated epigenetic regulation during the transition between hosts. Herein we targeted the silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) enzyme, a NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylase, to interfere with the parasites’ cell cycle. A combination of molecular modelling with on-target experimental validation was used to discover new inhibitors from commercially available compound libraries. We selected six inhibitors from the virtual screening, which were validated on the recombinant Sir2 enzyme. The most potent inhibitor (CDMS-01, IC50 = 40 μM) was chosen as a potential lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucio Monteiro Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 580, Building. 13, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (G.M.F.)
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 580, Building. 17, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- Department of Oncology and Pneumonology, Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vinicius Gonçalves Maltarollo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Antti Poso
- Department of Oncology and Pneumonology, Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Fernando de Moura Gatti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 580, Building. 13, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (G.M.F.)
| | - Vitor Medeiros Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 748, Building 12, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (V.M.A.)
| | - Sandro Roberto Marana
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 748, Building 12, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (V.M.A.)
| | - Carla Duque Lopes
- Department of Clinical Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Daiane Yukie Tezuka
- Department of Clinical Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio de Albuquerque
- Department of Clinical Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavio da Silva Emery
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (F.d.S.E.); (G.H.G.T.); Tel.: +55-11-3091-3793 (G.H.G.T.)
| | - Gustavo Henrique Goulart Trossini
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 580, Building. 13, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (G.M.F.)
- Correspondence: (F.d.S.E.); (G.H.G.T.); Tel.: +55-11-3091-3793 (G.H.G.T.)
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Mykhailiuk PK. Fluorine-Containing Prolines: Synthetic Strategies, Applications, and Opportunities. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6961-7005. [PMID: 35175772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated prolines play an important role in peptide studies, protein engineering, medicinal chemistry, drug discovery, and agrochemistry. Since the first synthesis of 4-fluoroprolines by Gottlieb and Witkop in 1965, their popularity started to grow exponentially. For example, during the past two decades, all isomeric trifluoromethyl-substituted prolines have been synthesized. In this Perspective, chemical properties and applications of fluorinated prolines are discussed. Synthetic approaches to all known fluorine-containing prolines are also discussed and analyzed. This analysis unexpectedly revealed an unsolved problem: in strict contrast to fluoro- and trifluoromethyl-substituted prolines, the corresponding analogues with fluoromethyl and difluoromethyl groups are mostly unknown. At the end of the paper, structures of several interesting, yet unknown, fluorinated prolines are disclosed─a good opportunity for chemists to make them.
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Chanteux H, Staelens L, Mancel V, Gerin B, Boucaut D, Prakash C, Nicolas JM. Cross-Species Differences in the Preclinical Pharmacokinetics of CT7758, an α4β1/α4β7 Integrin Antagonist. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1381-91. [PMID: 26153275 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.064436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CT7758, a carboxylate containing α4β1/α4/β7 integrin antagonist, was characterized for its pharmacokinetic profile in various in vitro and in vivo assays in support of clinical development. The oral bioavailability of CT7758 was 4% in mice, 2% in rats, 7-55% in dogs, and 0.2% in cynomolgus monkeys. The low bioavailability in rodents and monkey results from low intestinal absorption as evidenced by a low fraction absorbed in the rat portal vein model (3%), low-to-medium permeability in Caco-2 cells (≤1.3 × 10(-6) cm/s) with evidences of polarized efflux, and high polar surface area (104 Å). In rodents and cynomolgus monkeys, the total plasma clearance was moderate to high (≥50% hepatic blood flow QH) and associated with a short elimination half-life (≤1 hour). This contrast with the dog data which showed a much lower clearance (6% QH) and a longer t1/2 (2.4 hours). The volume of distribution (Vz) also varied significantly across species with value of 5.5, 2.8, 0.24, and 0.93 l/kg in mouse, rat, dog, and cynomolgus monkey, respectively. In vitro assays demonstrated that active hepatic uptake accounted for most of the in vivo clearance and was the source of the large species variability. In vitro uptake assays predicted a total plasma clearance in humans in the low range (33% QH), a finding subsequently confirmed in the clinic. Assays in OAPT1B1-transfected cells demonstrated active uptake transport through this transporter. The prospect of limited absorption in human prompted the synthesis an ethyl ester prodrug, CDP323, which demonstrated higher in vitro permeability, increased oral bioavailability, as well as efficient in vivo release of its active moiety CT7758.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Chanteux
- UCB Pharma SA, Investigative ADME (H.C., V.M., B.G.), Bioanalytical Sciences (L.S.), Laboratory Animal Services (D.B.), Braine l'Alleud, Belgium; Strategic DMPK Support, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium (J.M.N.); and Biogen Idec, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.P.)
| | - Ludovicus Staelens
- UCB Pharma SA, Investigative ADME (H.C., V.M., B.G.), Bioanalytical Sciences (L.S.), Laboratory Animal Services (D.B.), Braine l'Alleud, Belgium; Strategic DMPK Support, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium (J.M.N.); and Biogen Idec, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.P.)
| | - Valérie Mancel
- UCB Pharma SA, Investigative ADME (H.C., V.M., B.G.), Bioanalytical Sciences (L.S.), Laboratory Animal Services (D.B.), Braine l'Alleud, Belgium; Strategic DMPK Support, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium (J.M.N.); and Biogen Idec, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.P.)
| | - Brigitte Gerin
- UCB Pharma SA, Investigative ADME (H.C., V.M., B.G.), Bioanalytical Sciences (L.S.), Laboratory Animal Services (D.B.), Braine l'Alleud, Belgium; Strategic DMPK Support, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium (J.M.N.); and Biogen Idec, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.P.)
| | - David Boucaut
- UCB Pharma SA, Investigative ADME (H.C., V.M., B.G.), Bioanalytical Sciences (L.S.), Laboratory Animal Services (D.B.), Braine l'Alleud, Belgium; Strategic DMPK Support, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium (J.M.N.); and Biogen Idec, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.P.)
| | - Chandra Prakash
- UCB Pharma SA, Investigative ADME (H.C., V.M., B.G.), Bioanalytical Sciences (L.S.), Laboratory Animal Services (D.B.), Braine l'Alleud, Belgium; Strategic DMPK Support, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium (J.M.N.); and Biogen Idec, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.P.)
| | - Jean-Marie Nicolas
- UCB Pharma SA, Investigative ADME (H.C., V.M., B.G.), Bioanalytical Sciences (L.S.), Laboratory Animal Services (D.B.), Braine l'Alleud, Belgium; Strategic DMPK Support, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium (J.M.N.); and Biogen Idec, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.P.)
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O'Brien NJ, Brzozowski M, Wilson DJ, Deady LW, Abbott BM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted 2-anilino-7H-pyrrolopyrimidines as PDK1 inhibitors. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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P2' benzene carboxylic acid moiety is associated with decrease in cellular uptake: evaluation of novel nonpeptidic HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing P2 bis-tetrahydrofuran moiety. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:4920-7. [PMID: 23877703 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00868-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
GRL007 and GRL008, two structurally related nonpeptidic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors (PIs) containing 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane (bis-THF) as the P2 moiety and a sulfonamide isostere consisting of benzene carboxylic acid and benzene carboxamide as the P2' moiety, respectively, were evaluated for their antiviral activity and interactions with wild-type protease (PR(WT)). Both GRL007 (Ki of 12.7 pM with PR(WT)) and GRL008 (Ki of 8.9 pM) inhibited PR(WT) with high potency in vitro. X-ray crystallographic analysis of PR(WT) in complex with GRL007 or GRL008 showed that the bis-THF moiety of both compounds has three direct polar contacts with the backbone amide nitrogen atoms of Asp29 and Asp30 of PR(WT). The P2' moiety of both compounds showed one direct contact with the backbone of Asp30' and a bridging polar contact with Gly48' through a water molecule. Cell-based antiviral assays showed that GRL007 was inactive (50% effective concentration [EC50] of >1 μM) while GRL008 was highly active (EC50 of 0.04 μM) against wild-type HIV-1. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/mass spectrometry-based cellular uptake assays showed 8.1- and 84-fold higher intracellular concentrations of GRL008 than GRL007 in human MT-2 and MT-4 cell extracts, respectively. Thus, GRL007, in spite of its favorable enzyme-inhibitory activity and protease binding profile, exhibited a lack of antiviral activity in cell-based assays, most likely due to its compromised cellular uptake associated with its P2' benzene carboxylic acid moiety. The anti-HIV-1 potency, favorable toxicity, and binding profile of GRL008 suggest that further optimization of the P2' moiety may improve its antiretroviral features.
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CARLEVARO CMANUEL, MARTINS-DA-SILVA JOÃOHERMÍNIO, SAVINO WILSON, CAFFARENA ERNESTORAÚL. PLAUSIBLE BINDING MODE OF THE ACTIVE α4β1 ANTAGONIST, MK-0617, DETERMINED BY DOCKING AND FREE ENERGY CALCULATIONS. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633612501088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, the development of small molecule antagonists of VLA-4 for the treatment of diseases, where cell trafficking and activation are important, has increased considerably. Among them, the MK-0617 ligand has proven to be a highly potent and orally active α4β1 antagonist. However, the binding mode of this ligand in the integrin binding site remains unknown. Herein we report a thermodynamic analysis of the interaction between MK-0617 (and one of its isomers) and the VLA-4 protein using molecular docking and the free energy perturbation calculations, based on a comparative model of the α4β1 receptor. Initial complex coordinates were taken from molecular docking assays and submitted to alchemical transformations. Free energy of binding ΔΔG values, derived from experimental IC50 values, were taken as a parameter for determining the most likely binding mode. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations of these ligands within the α4β1 binding site were carried out to elucidate the binding energy profile and identify the most significant residues. Our results indicate that MK-0617 fits within the binding site in a stretched conformation, pointing the carboxylate group towards the MIDAS ion. We observe that, despite the fact that the main contribution to the energetic binding process is due to the electrostatic ion contribution, the nonpolar contribution is not negligible. Additionally, a network of hydrogen bonds participate in stabilizing the ligand-receptor interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. MANUEL CARLEVARO
- Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos (CONICET-UNLP), 59 No 789, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - JOÃO HERMÍNIO MARTINS-DA-SILVA
- Programa de Computação Científica (PROCC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ave. Brasil 4365 Manguinhos, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - WILSON SAVINO
- Laboratório de Pesquisas sobre o Timo, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ave. Brasil 4365 Manguinhos, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - ERNESTO RAÚL CAFFARENA
- Programa de Computação Científica (PROCC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ave. Brasil 4365 Manguinhos, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Metz AE, Kozlowski MC. 2-Aryl-2-nitroacetates as central precursors to aryl nitromethanes, α-ketoesters, and α-amino acids. J Org Chem 2013; 78:717-22. [PMID: 23245626 PMCID: PMC3548967 DOI: 10.1021/jo302071s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitroarylacetates are useful small molecular building blocks that act as precursors to α-ketoesters and aryl nitromethanes as well as α-amino acids. Methods were developed that produce each of these compound types in good yields. Two different conditions for decarboxylation are discussed for substrates with neutral and electron-poor aryl groups versus electron-rich aryl groups. For formation of the α-ketoesters, new mild conditions for the Nef disproportionation were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E. Metz
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 1910-6323 (USA)
| | - Marisa C. Kozlowski
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 1910-6323 (USA)
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Setoguchi M, Iimura S, Sugimoto Y, Yoneda Y, Chiba J, Watanabe T, Muro F, Iigo Y, Takayama G, Yokoyama M, Taira T, Aonuma M, Takashi T, Nakayama A, Machinaga N. A novel, potent, and orally active VLA-4 antagonist with good aqueous solubility: trans-4-[1-[[2-(5-Fluoro-2-methylphenylamino)-7-fluoro-6-benzoxazolyl]acetyl]-(5S)-[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl-(2S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy]cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 21:42-61. [PMID: 23218775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have carried out the optimization of substituents at the C-3 or the C-5 position on the pyrrolidine ring of VLA-4 antagonist 3 with 2-(phenylamino)-7-fluorobenzoxazolyl moiety for the purpose of improving in vivo efficacy while maintaining good aqueous solubility. As a result, we successfully increased in vitro activity in the presence of 3% human serum albumin and achieved an exquisite lipophilic and hydrophilic balance of compounds suitable for oral administrative regimen. The modification resulted in the identification of zwitterionic compound 7n with (5S)-[methoxy(methyl)amino]methylpyrrolidine, which significantly alleviated bronchial hyper-responsiveness to acetylcholine chloride at 12.5mg/kg, p.o. in a murine asthma model and showed favorable aqueous solubility (JP1, 89 μg/mL; JP2, 462 μg/mL). Furthermore, this compound showed good oral bioavailability (F=54%) in monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Setoguchi
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
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Identification of trans-4-[1-[[7-fluoro-2-(1-methyl-3-indolyl)-6-benzoxazolyl]acetyl]-(4S)-fluoro-(2S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy]cyclohexanecarboxylic acid as a potent, orally active VLA-4 antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 20:1201-12. [PMID: 22261021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
For the purpose of obtaining orally potent VLA-4 inhibitors, we have carried out structural modification of the (N'-phenylureido)phenyl group in compound 1, where the group was found to be attributed to poor pharmacokinetic profile in our previous research. Through modification, we have identified several compounds with both potent in vitro activity and improved oral exposure. In particular, compound 7e with 7-fluoro-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1,3-benzoxazolyl group as a novel replacement of the (N'-phenylureido)phenyl group significantly inhibited eosinophil infiltration into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 15mg/kg in an Ascaris-antigen-induced murine bronchial inflammatory model, and its efficacy was comparable to that of the anti-mouse α(4) antibody (R1-2).
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Muro F, Iimura S, Sugimoto Y, Yoneda Y, Chiba J, Watanabe T, Setoguchi M, Iigou Y, Matsumoto K, Satoh A, Takayama G, Taira T, Yokoyama M, Takashi T, Nakayama A, Machinaga N. Discovery of trans-4-[1-[[2,5-Dichloro-4-(1-methyl-3-indolylcarboxamido)phenyl]acetyl]-(4S)-methoxy-(2S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy]cyclohexanecarboxylic acid: an orally active, selective very late antigen-4 antagonist. J Med Chem 2010; 52:7974-92. [PMID: 19891440 DOI: 10.1021/jm901154c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have focused on optimization of the inadequate pharmacokinetic profile of trans-4-substituted cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 5, which is commonly observed in many small molecule very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) antagonists. We modified the lipophilic moiety in 5 and found that reducing the polar surface area of this moiety results in improvement of the PK profile. Consequently, our efforts have led to the discovery of trans-4-[1-[[2,5-dichloro-4-(1-methyl-3-indolylcarboxamido)phenyl]acetyl]-(4S)-methoxy-(2S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy]cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (14e) with potent activity (IC(50) = 5.4 nM) and significantly improved bioavailability in rats, dogs, and monkeys (100%, 91%, 68%), which demonstrated excellent oral efficacy in murine and guinea pig models of asthma. Based on its overall profile, compound 14e was progressed into clinical trails. In a single ascending-dose phase I clinical study, compound 14e exhibited favorable oral exposure as expected and had no serious adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihito Muro
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo 134-8630, Japan.
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Muro F, Iimura S, Yoneda Y, Chiba J, Watanabe T, Setoguchi M, Takayama G, Yokoyama M, Takashi T, Nakayama A, Machinaga N. A novel and potent VLA-4 antagonist based on trans-4-substituted cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 17:1232-43. [PMID: 19124247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During the course of our study, it was revealed that the poor pharmacokinetic properties of a series of benzoic acid derivatives such as 1 should be attributed to the diphenylurea moiety. Thus, we replaced the diphenylurea moiety in 1 with a 2-(2-methylphenylamino)benzoxazole moiety which mimics the diphenylurea structure. However, this modification resulted in a significant decrease (3, IC(50)=19 nM) in VLA-4 inhibitory activity compared to 1 (IC(50)=1.6 nM). To address this discrepancy, we worked on optimization of the carboxylic acid moiety in compound 3. As a result, our efforts have led to the discovery of trans-4-substituted cyclohexanecarboxylic acid derivative 11b (IC(50)=2.8 nM) as a novel and potent VLA-4 antagonist. In addition, compound 11b exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic properties (CL=3.3 ml/min/kg, F=51%) in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihito Muro
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories II, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan.
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Identification of 4-[1-[3-chloro-4-[N'-(5-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)ureido]phenylacetyl]-(4S)-fluoro-(2S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy]benzoic acid as a potent, orally active VLA-4 antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:9991-10000. [PMID: 18952443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of benzoic acid derivatives by introducing substituents into the diphenyl urea moiety led to the identification of compound 20l as a potent VLA-4 antagonist. Compound 20l inhibited eosinophil infiltration into bronchial alveolar lavage fluid in a murine asthma model by oral dosing and its efficacy was comparable to anti-mouse alpha4 antibody (R1-2). Furthermore, this compound significantly blocked bronchial hyper-responsiveness in the model.
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A graftable LDV peptidomimetic: Design, synthesis and application to a blood filtration membrane. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1084-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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