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Gajjala RR, Chinta RR, Gopireddy VSR, Poola S, Balam SK, Chintha V, Pasupuleti VR, Avula VKR, Vallela S, Vasilievich Zyryanov G, Cirandur SR. Ethyl-4-(aryl)-6-methyl-2-(oxo/thio)-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylates: Silica supported bismuth(III)triflate catalyzed synthesis and antioxidant activity. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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2
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Balraj G, Rammohan K, Anilkumar A, Sharath Babu M, Ayodhya D. An improved eco-friendly and solvent-free method for the one-pot synthesis of tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives via Biginelli condensation reaction using ZrO2/La2O3 catalysts. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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3
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El Bakri Y, Musrat Kurbanova M, Ali Siddique S, Ahmad S, Goumri-Said S. One-pot synthesis, X-ray crystal structure, and identification of potential molecules against COVID-19 main protease through structure-guided modeling and simulation approach. ARAB J CHEM 2022; 15:104230. [PMID: 36124333 PMCID: PMC9476335 DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although antimicrobial resistance before the Covid-19 pandemic is a top priority for global public health, research is already ongoing on novel organic compounds with antimicrobial and antiviral properties in changing medical environments in connection with Covid 19. Thanks to the Biginelli reaction, which allows the synthesis of pyrimidine compounds, blockers of calcium channels, antibodies, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant therapeutic compounds were investigated. In this paper, we aim to present Biginelli's synthesis, its therapeutic properties, and the structural-functional relationship in the test compounds that allows the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds. Both the DFT and TD-DFT computations of spectral data, molecular orbitals (HOMO, LUMO) analysis, and electrostatic potential (MEP) surfaces are carried out as an add-on to synthetic research. Hirshfeld surface analysis was also used to segregate the different intermolecular hydrogen bonds involved in the molecular packing strength. Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) investigation endorses the existence of intermolecular interactions mediated by lone pair, bonding, and anti-bonding orbitals. The dipole moment, linear polarizability, and first hyperpolarizabilities have been explored as molecular parameters. All findings based on DFT exhibit the best consistency with experimental findings, implying that synthesized molecules are highly stable. To better understand the binding mechanism of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, we performed molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and binding free energy calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youness El Bakri
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Chemistry, South Ural State University, Lenin prospect 76, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russian Federation,Corresponding authors
| | | | - Sabir Ali Siddique
- Center for Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Souraya Goumri-Said
- College of Science, Physics department, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding authors
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4
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Schmoeller LA, Wodtke F, Pietezak D, Leite DC, da Rocha JC, Xavier FR, Gariani RA. Structural and electronic investigation of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (DHPMs): Correlations between spectroscopic and molecular docking features upon salmon sperm DNA. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Barth J, Schach T, Przyborski JM. HSP70 and their co-chaperones in the human malaria parasite P. falciparum and their potential as drug targets. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:968248. [PMID: 35992276 PMCID: PMC9388776 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.968248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of their life-cycle, malaria parasites undergo rapid cell multiplication and division, with one parasite giving rise to over 20 new parasites within the course of 48 h. To support this, the parasite has an extremely high metabolic rate and level of protein biosynthesis. Underpinning these activities, the parasite encodes a number of chaperone/heat shock proteins, belonging to various families. Research over the past decade has revealed that these proteins are involved in a number of essential processes within the parasite, or within the infected host cell. Due to this, these proteins are now being viewed as potential targets for drug development, and we have begun to characterize their properties in more detail. In this article we summarize the current state of knowledge about one particular chaperone family, that of the HSP70, and highlight their importance, function, and potential co-chaperone interactions. This is then discussed with regard to the suitability of these proteins and interactions for drug development.
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6
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Blatch GL. Plasmodium falciparum Molecular Chaperones: Guardians of the Malaria Parasite Proteome and Renovators of the Host Proteome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:921739. [PMID: 35652103 PMCID: PMC9149364 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.921739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite and causative agent of the most severe form of malaria in humans. The malaria parasite has had to develop sophisticated mechanisms to preserve its proteome under the changing stressful conditions it confronts, particularly when it invades host erythrocytes. Heat shock proteins, especially those that function as molecular chaperones, play a key role in protein homeostasis (proteostasis) of P. falciparum. Soon after invading erythrocytes, the malaria parasite exports a large number of proteins including chaperones, which are responsible for remodeling the infected erythrocyte to enable its survival and pathogenesis. The infected host cell has parasite-resident and erythrocyte-resident chaperones, which appear to play a vital role in the folding and functioning of P. falciparum proteins and potentially host proteins. This review critiques the current understanding of how the major chaperones, particularly the Hsp70 and Hsp40 (or J domain proteins, JDPs) families, contribute to proteostasis of the malaria parasite-infected erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Blatch
- The Vice Chancellery, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.,Biomedical Research and Drug Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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7
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Thabit MG, Mostafa AS, Selim KB, Elsayed MAA, Nasr MNA. Insights into modulating the monastrol scaffold: Development of new pyrimidinones as Eg5 inhibitors with anticancer activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200029. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed G. Thabit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Amany S. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Khalid B. Selim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Magda A. A. Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Horus University New Dammeitta Egypt
| | - Magda N. A. Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
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8
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Sajadikhah SS, Liravi-Deylami B. Green Synthesis of Benzoimidazopyrimidine, Benzimidazoloquinazolinone,
Triazolopyrimidine and Triazoloquinazolinone Derivatives Catalyzed by
Oxalic Acid Dihydrate. LETT ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178618666210506120228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Benzoimidazopyrimidine, benzimidazoloquinazolinone, triazolopyrimidine, and triazoloquinazolinone
derivatives were synthesized via a one-pot multi-component reaction in the presence of
a catalytic amount of oxalic acid dihydrate. The reactions were performed in the mixture of EtOH:H2O
or under solvent-free conditions as green media. The advantageous features of these methodologies are
inexpensive starting materials and catalyst, high atom economy and good yields, and metal-free synthesis.
Moreover, all the products were obtained by simple filtration, and no need for column chromatography
or tedious separation procedures, which is very important in terms of reducing environmental
pollutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Sajad Sajadikhah
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Liravi-Deylami
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Daniyan MO. Heat Shock Proteins as Targets for Novel Antimalarial Drug Discovery. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1340:205-236. [PMID: 34569027 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78397-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum, the parasitic agent that is responsible for a severe and dangerous form of human malaria, has a history of long years of cohabitation with human beings with attendant negative consequences. While there have been some gains in the fight against malaria through the application of various control measures and the use of chemotherapeutic agents, and despite the global decline in malaria cases and associated deaths, the continual search for new and effective therapeutic agents is key to achieving sustainable development goals. An important parasite survival strategy, which is also of serious concern to the scientific community, is the rate at which the parasites continually develop resistance to drugs. Among the key players in the parasite's ability to develop resistance, maintain cellular integrity, and survives within an unusual environment of the red blood cells are the molecular chaperones of the heat shock proteins (HSP) family. HSPs constitute a novel avenue for antimalarial drug discovery and by exploring their ubiquitous nature and multifunctional activities, they may be suitable targets for the discovery of multi-targets antimalarial drugs, needed to fight incessant drug resistance. In this chapter, features of selected families of plasmodial HSPs that can be exploited in drug discovery are presented. Also, known applications of HSPs in small molecule screening, their potential usefulness in high throughput drug screening, as well as possible challenges are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Oluwatoyin Daniyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
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10
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The Role of Hsp70s in the Development and Pathogenicity of Plasmodium falciparum. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34569021 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78397-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The main agent of human malaria, the protozoa, Plasmodium falciparum is known to infect liver cells, subsequently invading the host erythrocyte, leading to the manifestation of clinical outcomes of the disease. As part of its survival in the human host, P. falciparum employs several heat shock protein (Hsp) families whose primary purpose is to ensure cytoprotection through their molecular chaperone role. The parasite expresses six Hsp70s that localise to various subcellular organelles of the parasite, with one, PfHsp70-x, being exported to the infected human erythrocyte. The role of these Hsp70s in the survival and pathogenicity of malaria has received immense research attention. Several studies have reported on their structure-function features, network partnerships, and elucidation of their potential substrates. Apart from their role in cytoprotection and pathogenicity, Hsp70s are implicated in antimalarial drug resistance. As such, they are deemed potential antimalarial drug candidates, especially suited for co-targeting in combination therapies. In addition, Hsp70 is implicated in host immune modulation. The current report highlights the various structure-function features of these proteins, their roles in the development of malaria, current and prospective efforts being employed towards targeting them in malaria intervention efforts.
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11
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Kumar TDA, Swathi N, Subrahmanyam C, Satyanarayana K. Application of Design of Experiments (DoE) Approach for the Optimization of Phase-transfer Catalyzed Biginelli Dihydropyrimidinone (DHPM) Synthesis. LETT ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178617999200812133809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The conventional Biginelli synthesis is more cumbersome and produces lower yields. Several
improved methods are reported in the literature to replace the Biginelli catalyst. The design of biocompatible
organic transformation is a major concern and a versatile greener procedure to construct
Biginelli analogs is in great demand. Factorial design guided, energy-efficient, and versatile synthesis
of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones (DHPM) was developed. One-factor-at-a time (OFAT) and factorial
design (2<sup>3</sup>) studies were utilized for screening the independent variables. The optimum levels of
potential variables (benzyl-n-triethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) and glacial acetic acid) were determined
through studies. The factorial design (3<sup>2</sup>) analysis inferred the use of BTEAC (10.25 mol%)
and glacial acetic acid (7.6 ml) as optimal for the 60 min condensation. Thirteen new 3,4-
dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-one (DHPM) analogs were synthesized using optimized reaction conditions.
The quaternary ammonium ion of BTEAC stabilizes the polarization of carbonyl group in aryl aldehydes
and enolizable ketone (alkyl acetoacetate) to facilitate the cyclocondensation, in order to produce
DHPMs through N-acyliminium ion and Michael adducts formation. The biocompatible strategy, simple
product isolation (non-chromatographic method), and good to excellent yields are attractive features of
this new protocol. Hence, the newly developed methodology is superior to the literature methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Durai Ananda Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagara, Mysuru, 570 015, Karnataka,India
| | - N. Swathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, 500 090, Telangana,India
| | - C.V.S. Subrahmanyam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, 500 090, Telangana,India
| | - K. Satyanarayana
- Natco Pharma Ltd, Natco Research Center, B-13, Industrial Estate, Sanath Nagar, Hyderabad, 500 018, Telangana,India
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Anamika, Yadav CL, Drew MGB, Kumar K, Singh N. Ferrocene-Functionalized Dithiocarbamate Zinc(II) Complexes as Efficient Bifunctional Catalysts for the One-Pot Synthesis of Chromene and Imidazopyrimidine Derivatives via Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6446-6462. [PMID: 33881858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Four new mononuclear/coordination polymeric (CP) zinc(II) complexes (1-4) of ferrocenyl/pyridyl-functionalized dithiocarbamate ligands, N-ferrocenylmethyl-N-butyl dithiocarbamate (L1), N-ferrocenylmethyl-N-ethylmorpholine dithiocarbamate (L2), N-ferrocenylmethyl-N-2-(diethylamino)ethylamine dithiocarbamate (L3), and N-4-methoxybenzyl-N-3-methylpyridyl dithiocarbamate (L4), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-vis, and 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopic techniques. The solid-state structures of complexes 1, 3, and 4 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography as well as powder X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography revealed a monomeric structure for complex 1 but 1D polymeric structures for complexes 3 and 4. In all complexes, dithiocarbamate ligands are bonded to the Zn(II) metal ion in a S^S chelating mode, and in the CPs, N atoms on the 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine and 3-pyridyl functionalities in the ligands on the neighboring molecules are also bonded to metal centers, leading to the formation of either a discrete tetrahedral molecule in 1 or 1D CP structures in 3 and 4. The Zn(II) metal centers in the polymeric structures exhibited either square-pyramidal or octahedral geometries. The supramolecular structures in these complexes are sustained via C-H···π (ZnCS2, chelate; 3 and 4), C-H···π, and H···H interactions. The catalytic performances of complexes have also been assessed in the Knoevenagel condensation and one-pot multicomponent reactions. Catalysis results showed that the CP 3 acts as a heterogeneous bifunctional catalyst with excellent transformation efficiency at low catalyst loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Chote Lal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Michael G B Drew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Kamlesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Nanhai Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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13
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Kayamba F, Malimabe T, Ademola IK, Pooe OJ, Kushwaha ND, Mahlalela M, van Zyl RL, Gordon M, Mudau PT, Zininga T, Shonhai A, Nyamori VO, Karpoormath R. Design and synthesis of quinoline-pyrimidine inspired hybrids as potential plasmodial inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 217:113330. [PMID: 33744688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Presently, artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is the first-line therapy of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. With the emergence of malaria parasites that are resistant to ACT, alternative antimalarial therapies are urgently needed. In line with this, we designed and synthesised a series of novel N-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N'-(4,6-diphenylpyrimidin-2-yl)alkanediamine hybrids (6a-7c) and evaluated their inhibitory activity against the NF54 chloroquine-susceptible strain as a promising class of antimalarial compounds. The antiplasmodial screening revealed that seven analogues showed promising to good activity with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 0.32 μM-4.30 μM. Compound 7a with 1,4-diamine butyl linker and 4-hydroxyl phenyl on fourth and sixth position of pyrimidine core showed the most prominent activity with an IC50 value of 0.32 ± 0.06 μM, with a favourable safety profile of 9.79 to human kidney epithelial (HEK293) cells. The remaining six analogues showed moderate activity with IC50 values ranging from 7.50 μM to 83.01 μM. We further investigated the binding affinities of the molecules to two essential cytosolic P. falciparum heat shock protein 70 homologues; PfHsp70-1 and PfHsp70-z. Compound 7a exhibited the highest binding affinity for both PfHsp70s with KD in a lower nanomolar range (4.4-11.4 nM). Furthermore, molecular docking revealed that compounds 6, 6k, 7b and 7a exhibited better fitness in PfHsp70-1 with compound 7a showing the highest and lowest binding scores of -9.8 kcal/mol. Therefore, we speculate that PfHsp70-1 is one of the targets of these inhibitors. The bioisoteric replacement of the groups at phenyl ring at the fourth and sixth position of the pyrimidine core had a constructive association with antiplasmodial activity. The promising antiplasmodial activity of the synthesised analogues illustrates how crucial molecular hybridisation is as a strategy in the development of quinoline-pyrimidine hybrids as prospective antiprotozoal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Kayamba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Teboho Malimabe
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; WITS Research Institute for Malaria (WRIM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Idowu Kehinde Ademola
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Ofentse Jacob Pooe
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Narva Deshwar Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Mavela Mahlalela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Robyn L van Zyl
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; WITS Research Institute for Malaria (WRIM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Michelle Gordon
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Pertunia T Mudau
- Department of Biochemistry University of Venda, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Tawanda Zininga
- Department of Biochemistry University of Venda, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Addmore Shonhai
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Vincent O Nyamori
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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14
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Dutta T, Singh H, Gestwicki JE, Blatch GL. Exported plasmodial J domain protein, PFE0055c, and PfHsp70-x form a specific co-chaperone-chaperone partnership. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:355-366. [PMID: 33236291 PMCID: PMC7925779 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite and causative agent of a severe form of malaria in humans, accounting for very high worldwide fatality rates. At the molecular level, survival of the parasite within the human host is mediated by P. falciparum heat shock proteins (PfHsps) that provide protection during febrile episodes. The ATP-dependent chaperone activity of Hsp70 relies on the co-chaperone J domain protein (JDP), with which it forms a chaperone-co-chaperone complex. The exported P. falciparum JDP (PfJDP), PFA0660w, has been shown to stimulate the ATPase activity of the exported chaperone, PfHsp70-x. Furthermore, PFA0660w has been shown to associate with another exported PfJDP, PFE0055c, and PfHsp70-x in J-dots, highly mobile structures found in the infected erythrocyte cytosol. Therefore, the present study aims to conduct a structural and functional characterization of the full-length exported PfJDP, PFE0055c. Recombinant PFE0055c was successfully expressed and purified and found to stimulate the basal ATPase activity of PfHsp70-x to a greater extent than PFA0660w but, like PFA0660w, did not significantly stimulate the basal ATPase activity of human Hsp70. Small-molecule inhibition assays were conducted to determine the effect of known inhibitors of JDPs (chalcone, C86) and Hsp70 (benzothiazole rhodacyanines, JG231 and JG98) on the basal and PFE0055c-stimulated ATPase activity of PfHsp70-x. In this study, JG231 and JG98 were found to inhibit both the basal and PFE0055c-stimulated ATPase activity of PfHsp70-x. C86 only inhibited the PFE0055c-stimulated ATPase activity of PfHsp70-x, consistent with PFE0055c binding to PfHsp70-x through its J domain. This research has provided further insight into the molecular basis of the interaction between these exported plasmodial chaperones, which could inform future antimalarial drug discovery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanima Dutta
- The Vice Chancellery, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
- The Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hans Raj Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregory L Blatch
- The Vice Chancellery, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.
- The Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
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15
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Manzoor S, Prajapati SK, Majumdar S, Raza MK, Gabr MT, Kumar S, Pal K, Rashid H, Kumar S, Krishnamurthy S, Hoda N. Discovery of new phenyl sulfonyl-pyrimidine carboxylate derivatives as the potential multi-target drugs with effective anti-Alzheimer's action: Design, synthesis, crystal structure and in-vitro biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113224. [PMID: 33582578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is multifactorial, progressive neurodegeneration with impaired behavioural and cognitive functions. The multitarget-directed ligand (MTDL) strategies are promising paradigm in drug development, potentially leading to new possible therapy options for complex AD. Herein, a series of novel MTDLs phenylsulfonyl-pyrimidine carboxylate (BS-1 to BS-24) derivatives were designed and synthesized for AD treatment. All the synthesized compounds were validated by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, HRMS, and BS-19 were structurally validated by X-Ray single diffraction analysis. To evaluate the plausible binding affinity of designed compounds, molecular docking study was performed, and the result revealed their significant interaction with active sites of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). The synthesized compounds displayed moderate to excellent in vitro enzyme inhibitory activity against AChE and BuChE at nanomolar (nM) concentration. Among 24 compounds (BS-1 to BS-24), the optimal compounds (BS-10 and BS-22) displayed potential inhibition against AChE; IC50 = 47.33 ± 0.02 nM and 51.36 ± 0.04 nM and moderate inhibition against BuChE; IC50 = 159.43 ± 0.72 nM and 153.3 ± 0.74 nM respectively. In the enzyme kinetics study, the compound BS-10 displayed non-competitive inhibition of AChE with Ki = 8 nM. Respective compounds BS-10 and BS-22 inhibited AChE-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation in thioflavin T-assay at 10 μM and 20 μM, but BS-10 at 10 μM and 20 μM concentrations are found more potent than BS-22. In addition, the aggregation properties were determined by the dynamic light scattering (DLS) and was found that BS-10 and BS-22 could significantly inhibit self-induced as well as AChE-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. The effect of compounds (BS-10 and BS-22) on the viability of MC65 neuroblastoma cells and their capability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in PAMPA-BBB were further studied. Further, in silico approach was applied to analyze physicochemical and pharmacokinetics properties of the designed compounds via the SwissADME and PreADMET server. Hence, the novel phenylsulfonyl-pyrimidine carboxylate derivatives can act as promising leads in the development of AChE inhibitors and Aβ disaggregator for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Manzoor
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Prajapati
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, U.P, 221005, India
| | - Shreyasi Majumdar
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, U.P, 221005, India
| | - Md Kausar Raza
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Moustafa T Gabr
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Shivani Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Dwarka, Sector 16C, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Kavita Pal
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Haroon Rashid
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Dwarka, Sector 16C, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, U.P, 221005, India.
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Role of the J Domain Protein Family in the Survival and Pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1340:97-123. [PMID: 34569022 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78397-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum has dedicated an unusually large proportion of its genome to molecular chaperones (2% of all genes), with the heat shock protein 40 (Hsp40) family (now called J domain proteins, JDPs) exhibiting evolutionary radiation into 49 members. A large number of the P. falciparum JDPs (PfJDPs) are predicted to be exported, with certain members shown experimentally to be present in the erythrocyte cytosol (PFA0660w and PFE0055c) or erythrocyte membrane (ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen, RESA). PFA0660w and PFE0055c are associated with an exported plasmodial Hsp70 (PfHsp70-x) within novel mobile structures called J-dots, which have been proposed to be dedicated to the trafficking of key membrane proteins such as erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). Well over half of the PfJDPs appear to be essential, including the J-dot PfJDP, PFE0055c, while others have been found to be required for growth under febrile conditions (e.g. PFA0110w, the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen protein [RESA]) or involved in pathogenesis (e.g. PF10_0381 has been shown to be important for protrusions of the infected red blood cell membrane, the so-called knobs). Here we review what is known about those PfJDPs that have been well characterised, and may be directly or indirectly involved in the survival and pathogenesis of the malaria parasite.
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Shonhai A, Blatch GL. Heat Shock Proteins of Malaria: Highlights and Future Prospects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1340:237-246. [PMID: 34569028 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78397-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The deadliest malaria parasite of humans, Plasmodium falciparum, is an obligate parasite that has had to develop mechanisms for survival under the unfavourable conditions it confronts within host cells. The chapters in the book "Heat Shock Proteins of Malaria" provide a critique of the evidence that heat shock proteins (Hsps) play a key role in the survival of P. falciparum in host cells. The role of the plasmodial Hsp arsenal is not limited to the protection of the parasite cell (largely through their role as molecular chaperones), as some of these proteins also promote the pathological development of malaria. This is largely due to the export of a large number of these proteins into the infected erythrocyte cytosol. Although P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is the main virulence factor for the malaria parasite, some of the exported plasmodial Hsps appear to augment parasite virulence. While this book largely delves into experimentally validated information on the role of Hsps in the development and pathogenicity of malaria, some of the information is based on hypotheses yet to be fully tested. Therefore, here we highlight what we know to be definite roles of plasmodial Hsps. Furthermore, we distill information that could provide practical insights on the options available for future research directions, including interventions against malaria that may target the role of Hsps in the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addmore Shonhai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa.
| | - Gregory L Blatch
- The Vice Chancellery, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia. .,Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa. .,The Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Khasimbi S, Ali F, Manda K, Sharma A, Chauhan G, Wakode S. Dihydropyrimidinones Scaffold as a Promising Nucleus for Synthetic Profile and Various Therapeutic Targets: A Review. Curr Org Synth 2020; 18:270-293. [PMID: 33290199 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666201207215710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review elaborates the updated synthetic and pharmacological approaches of a known group of dihydropyrimidinones/thiones from the multi-component reaction like Biginelli reaction, which was named Pietro Biginelli in 1891. This review consists of the reaction of an aromatic aldehyde, urea and ethyl acetoacetate leading to dihydropyrimidinone/thione. Currently, the scientific movement to develop economically viable green methods using compounds that are reusable, non-volatile, easily obtained, etc. Objective: This review covers the recent synthesis and pharmacological advancement of dihydropyrimidinones/ thiones moiety, along with covering the structure-activity relationship of the most potent compounds, which may prove to become better, more efficacious and safer agents. Thus, this review may help the researchers in drug designing and development of new Dihydropyrimidinones entities. CONCLUSION This review focuses on the wide application of dihydropyrimidinone/thione review reports the design, synthesis and pharmacological activities of nitrogen-sulphur containing dihydropyrimidinone moiety by using multi-component reaction. Dihydropyrimidinones (DHPM) pharmacophore is an important heterocyclic ring in medicinal chemistry. It is derived from multi-component reactions, "Biginelli reaction" and plays a critical role as anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV-1, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive and anti-tubercular agents. Exhaustive research has led to its vast biological profile, with a wide range of therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Khasimbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), DPSRU, Sector-3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Faraat Ali
- Laboratory Services, Botswana Medicines Regulatory Authority, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kiran Manda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Andhra University South Campus, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), DPSRU, Sector-3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), DPSRU, Sector-3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharad Wakode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), DPSRU, Sector-3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
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Sharifi H, Ebadi A, Soleimani M. Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modeling of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine- 2(1H)-one Derivatives as Cytotoxic Agents on Breast Cancer In Vitro. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817666200203125010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Kinesins and tubulin inhibitors have attracted researchers’ attention as
hopeful targets for achieving effective anticancer agents. Dihydropyrimidine-2-ones (DHPMs)
inhibit motor proteins Eg5 in the polymerization process of tubulin, also scaffold bearing
benzothiazole heterocycle can block tubulin polymerization/depolymerization.
Objective:
In this study, the cytotoxic effects and molecular modeling of newly synthesized
derivatives of DHPM that were designed by the Scaffold-hopping approach were investigated as
potential dual-inhibitors of Eg5 and tubulin.
Methods:
We investigated the cytotoxic effects of DHPMs derivatives by MTT assay and measureing
the Caspase 3 activity. Also, molecular modeling studies were performed by AutoDock4 and
GROMACS 4.5.6.
Results:
According to the results, the d2 derivative (IC50 = 68.58 ± 7, SI = 2.57) eliminates MDA-MB-
231 cells in a dose-dependent manner through caspase-dependent and caspase-independent cell death
pathways. Molecular docking studies revealed that the d2 compound could interact with both Eg5 and
tubulin key residues. MD simulation also demonstrated the stability of the studied ligand-receptor
complexes during the 30 ns of the production run. The effectiveness of substitutions at C4 of the
DHPM ring was obtained 4-acetoxy-phenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, and 4-nitrophenyl, respectively.
Conclusion:
The findings of the present study provide evidence that DHPM C5 amide derivatives
bearing benzothiazole ring might be considered as promising lead compounds for the discovery of
novel and multi-target antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Sharifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ebadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Meysam Soleimani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Marzouk AA, Abdel-Aziz SA, Abdelrahman KS, Wanas AS, Gouda AM, Youssif BGM, Abdel-Aziz M. Design and synthesis of new 1,6-dihydropyrimidin-2-thio derivatives targeting VEGFR-2: Molecular docking and antiproliferative evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104090. [PMID: 32683176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of new 1,6-dihydropyrimidin-2-thiol derivatives (scaffold A) as VEGFR-2 inhibitors has been designed and synthesized. Compounds 3a, 3b, 3e and 4b have been selected for in vitro anticancer screening by the National Cancer Institute. Compound 3e showed remarkable anticancer activity against most of the cell lines tested, where a complete cell death against leukemia, non-small cell lung cancer, colon, CNS, melanoma, and breast cancer cell lines was observed. In vitro five dose tests showed that compound 3e had high activity against most of the tested cell lines with GI50 ranging from 19 to 100 μM and selectivity ratios ranging between 0.75 and 1.71 at the GI50 level. VEGFR-2-kinase was tested against 3a, 3b, 3e, 4b and sorafenib was used as a reference. Compounds 3a and 3e were the most potent analogues with IC50 values of 386.4 nM and 198.7 nM against VEGFR-2, respectively, in comparison to sorafenib (IC50 = 0.17 nM). The results of the docking study showed a good fitting of the new compounds to the active site of VEGFR-2 with binding free energies in the range of -9.80 to -11.25 kcal/mol compared to -12.12 kcal/mol for sorafenib. Compounds 4a-e with the hydroxyimino group had a higher affinity to VEGFR-2 than their parent derivatives 3a-e.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel A Marzouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Salah A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Kamal S Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Amira S Wanas
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA; Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Gouda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Bahaa G M Youssif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt.
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Lebepe CM, Matambanadzo PR, Makhoba XH, Achilonu I, Zininga T, Shonhai A. Comparative Characterization of Plasmodium falciparum Hsp70-1 Relative to E. coli DnaK Reveals the Functional Specificity of the Parasite Chaperone. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060856. [PMID: 32512819 PMCID: PMC7356358 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp70 is a conserved molecular chaperone. How Hsp70 exhibits specialized functions across species remains to be understood. Plasmodium falciparum Hsp70-1 (PfHsp70-1) and Escherichia coli DnaK are cytosol localized molecular chaperones that are important for the survival of these two organisms. In the current study, we investigated comparative structure-function features of PfHsp70-1 relative to DnaK and a chimeric protein, KPf, constituted by the ATPase domain of DnaK and the substrate binding domain (SBD) of PfHsp70-1. Recombinant forms of the three Hsp70s exhibited similar secondary and tertiary structural folds. However, compared to DnaK, both KPf and PfHsp70-1 were more stable to heat stress and exhibited higher basal ATPase activity. In addition, PfHsp70-1 preferentially bound to asparagine rich peptide substrates, as opposed to DnaK. Recombinant P. falciparum adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (PfAdoMetDC) co-expressed in E. coli with either KPf or PfHsp70-1 was produced as a fully folded product. Co-expression of PfAdoMetDC with heterologous DnaK in E. coli did not promote folding of the former. However, a combination of supplementary GroEL plus DnaK improved folding of PfAdoMetDC. These findings demonstrated that the SBD of PfHsp70-1 regulates several functional features of the protein and that this molecular chaperone is tailored to facilitate folding of plasmodial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charity Mekgwa Lebepe
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (C.M.L.); (P.R.M.); (T.Z.)
| | - Pearl Rutendo Matambanadzo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (C.M.L.); (P.R.M.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xolani Henry Makhoba
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
| | - Ikechukwu Achilonu
- Protein Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
| | - Tawanda Zininga
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (C.M.L.); (P.R.M.); (T.Z.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Addmore Shonhai
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (C.M.L.); (P.R.M.); (T.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Çağlar Yavuz S, Akkoç S, Türkmenoğlu B, Sarıpınar E. Synthesis of novel heterocyclic compounds containing pyrimidine nucleus using the Biginelli reaction: Antiproliferative activity and docking studies. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sevtap Çağlar Yavuz
- Faculty of Science, Department of ChemistryErciyes University Kayseri Turkey
- Department of Veterinary, Şefaatli Vocational SchoolYozgat Bozok University Yozgat Turkey
| | - Senem Akkoç
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical SciencesSüleyman Demirel University Isparta Turkey
| | - Burçin Türkmenoğlu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical SciencesErzincan Binali Yıldırım University Erzincan Turkey
| | - Emin Sarıpınar
- Faculty of Science, Department of ChemistryErciyes University Kayseri Turkey
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23
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Liu ZL, Zhang RM, Liu Y, Guo Y, Meng QG. The Effects of Different Catalysts, Substituted Aromatic Aldehydes on One-Pot Three-Component Biginelli Reaction. Curr Org Synth 2020; 16:181-186. [PMID: 31965933 DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666181122100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE The Biginelli reaction, first reported in 1893, is one great example of the important multicomponent reactions reported from 1893. Under the same conditions, the influence of the common catalysts on the yield of the Biginelli reaction was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHOD To a round-bottom flask equipped with a spherical condenser were added 1,3- dicarbonyl compound (1.0 eq), urea (1.45 eq), aromatic aldehyde (1.0 eq), catalyst and methanol. The mixture was heated at reflux for 16 h. After cooling off, the mixture was filtered and washed with cold methanol to give DHPMs. Reaction solution was further purified by recrystallization with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. Six catalytic systems, different 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and different substituted aromatic aldehydes with varied substitutions are described for the Biginelli reaction. An analysis was also performed to study the factors that affect the yield of the reaction. RESULTS When 1,3-dicarbonyl compound was ethyl acetoacetate, the CuCl/ conc.H2SO4 system gave the highest yield (90.5%). While when acetoacetamide was used, the yields of DHPMs in presence of PTSA/conc. HCl, conc. HCl or FeCl3•6H2O were all over 90%. Nine DHPMs with different substituents were obtained. CONCLUSION The Lewis acid or mixed catalyst had no significant advantage over a single protonic acid as catalyst. Conc. HCl as the catalyst was found to be the most effective condition for the preparation of DHPMs. The aromatic aldehyde with weak electron-withdrawing substituent such as Br resulted in the best yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Liang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Ren-Mei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Qing-Guo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
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24
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Singh P, Chauhan D, Chauhan S, Singh G, Quraishi M. Bioinspired synergistic formulation from dihydropyrimdinones and iodide ions for corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in sulphuric acid. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Desai NC, Joshi SB, Jadeja KA. A one‐pot multicomponent Biginelli reaction for the preparation of novel pyrimidinthione derivatives as antimicrobial agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisheeth C. Desai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry (DST‐FIST Sponsored & UGC NON‐SAP), Mahatma Gandhi CampusMaharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University Bhavnagar Gujarat India
| | - Surbhi B. Joshi
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry (DST‐FIST Sponsored & UGC NON‐SAP), Mahatma Gandhi CampusMaharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University Bhavnagar Gujarat India
| | - Krunalsinh A. Jadeja
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry (DST‐FIST Sponsored & UGC NON‐SAP), Mahatma Gandhi CampusMaharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University Bhavnagar Gujarat India
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26
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Establishing Computational Approaches Towards Identifying Malarial Allosteric Modulators: A Case Study of Plasmodium falciparum Hsp70s. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225574. [PMID: 31717270 PMCID: PMC6887781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Combating malaria is almost a never-ending battle, as Plasmodium parasites develop resistance to the drugs used against them, as observed recently in artemisinin-based combination therapies. The main concern now is if the resistant parasite strains spread from Southeast Asia to Africa, the continent hosting most malaria cases. To prevent catastrophic results, we need to find non-conventional approaches. Allosteric drug targeting sites and modulators might be a new hope for malarial treatments. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are potential malarial drug targets and have complex allosteric control mechanisms. Yet, studies on designing allosteric modulators against them are limited. Here, we identified allosteric modulators (SANC190 and SANC651) against P. falciparum Hsp70-1 and Hsp70-x, affecting the conformational dynamics of the proteins, delicately balanced by the endogenous ligands. Previously, we established a pipeline to identify allosteric sites and modulators. This study also further investigated alternative approaches to speed up the process by comparing all atom molecular dynamics simulations and dynamic residue network analysis with the coarse-grained (CG) versions of the calculations. Betweenness centrality (BC) profiles for PfHsp70-1 and PfHsp70-x derived from CG simulations not only revealed similar trends but also pointed to the same functional regions and specific residues corresponding to BC profile peaks.
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27
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Moradi-Marjaneh R, Paseban M, Moradi Marjaneh M. Hsp70 inhibitors: Implications for the treatment of colorectal cancer. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1834-1845. [PMID: 31441584 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Despite intensive advances in diagnosis and treatment of CRC, it is yet one of the leading cause of cancer related morbidity and mortality. Therefore, there is an urgent medical need for alternative therapeutic approaches to treat CRC. The 70 kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp70s) are a family of evolutionary conserved heat shock proteins, which play an important role in cell homeostasis and survival. They overexpress in various types of malignancy including CRC and are typically accompanied with poor prognosis. Hence, inhibition of Hsp70 may be considered as a striking chemotherapeutic avenue. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the progress made so far to discover compounds, which target the Hsp70 family, with particular emphasis on their efficacy in treatment of CRC. We also briefly explain the induction of Hsp70 as a strategy to prevent CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Paseban
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Moradi Marjaneh
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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28
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Daniyan MO, Przyborski JM, Shonhai A. Partners in Mischief: Functional Networks of Heat Shock Proteins of Plasmodium falciparum and Their Influence on Parasite Virulence. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E295. [PMID: 31340488 PMCID: PMC6681276 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum under the physiologically distinct environments associated with their development in the cold-blooded invertebrate mosquito vectors and the warm-blooded vertebrate human host requires a genome that caters to adaptability. To this end, a robust stress response system coupled to an efficient protein quality control system are essential features of the parasite. Heat shock proteins constitute the main molecular chaperone system of the cell, accounting for approximately two percent of the malaria genome. Some heat shock proteins of parasites constitute a large part (5%) of the 'exportome' (parasite proteins that are exported to the infected host erythrocyte) that modify the host cell, promoting its cyto-adherence. In light of their importance in protein folding and refolding, and thus the survival of the parasite, heat shock proteins of P. falciparum have been a major subject of study. Emerging evidence points to their role not only being cyto-protection of the parasite, as they are also implicated in regulating parasite virulence. In undertaking their roles, heat shock proteins operate in networks that involve not only partners of parasite origin, but also potentially functionally associate with human proteins to facilitate parasite survival and pathogenicity. This review seeks to highlight these interplays and their roles in parasite pathogenicity. We further discuss the prospects of targeting the parasite heat shock protein network towards the developments of alternative antimalarial chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Daniyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria.
| | - Jude M Przyborski
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, INF324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Addmore Shonhai
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa.
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29
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Chakafana G, Zininga T, Shonhai A. Comparative structure-function features of Hsp70s of Plasmodium falciparum and human origins. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:591-602. [PMID: 31280465 PMCID: PMC6682331 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family of molecular chaperones are crucial for the survival and pathogenicity of the main agent of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum. Hsp70 is central to cellular proteostasis and some of its isoforms are essential for survival of the malaria parasite. In addition, they are also implicated in the development of antimalarial drug resistance. For these reasons, they are thought to be potential drug targets, especially in antimalarial combination therapies. However, their high sequence conservation across species presents a hurdle with respect to their selective targeting. The human genome encodes 17 Hsp70 isoforms while P. falciparum encodes for only 6. The structural architecture of Hsp70s is typically characterized by a highly conserved N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a less conserved C-terminal substrate-binding domain (SBD). The two domains are connected by a highly conserved linker. In spite of their fairly high sequence conservation, Hsp70s from various species possess unique signature motifs that appear to uniquely influence their function. In addition, their cooperation with co-chaperones further regulates their functional specificity. In the current review, bioinformatics tools were used to identify conserved and unique signature motifs in Hsp70s of P. falciparum versus their human counterparts. We discuss the common and distinctive structure-function features of these proteins. This information is important towards elucidating the prospects of selective targeting of parasite heat shock proteins as part of antimalarial design efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Chakafana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Private Bags X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Tawanda Zininga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Private Bags X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Addmore Shonhai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Private Bags X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa.
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30
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepa
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Surendra Singh
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
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31
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Chiang AN, Liang M, Dominguez-Meijide A, Masaracchia C, Goeckeler-Fried JL, Mazzone CS, Newhouse DW, Kendsersky NM, Yates ME, Manos-Turvey A, Needham PG, Outeiro TF, Wipf P, Brodsky JL. Synthesis and evaluation of esterified Hsp70 agonists in cellular models of protein aggregation and folding. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 27:79-91. [PMID: 30528127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over-expression of the Hsp70 molecular chaperone prevents protein aggregation and ameliorates neurodegenerative disease phenotypes in model systems. We identified an Hsp70 activator, MAL1-271, that reduces α-synuclein aggregation in a Parkinson's Disease model. We now report that MAL1-271 directly increases the ATPase activity of a eukaryotic Hsp70. Next, twelve MAL1-271 derivatives were synthesized and examined in a refined α-synuclein aggregation model as well as in an assay that monitors maturation of a disease-causing Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) mutant, which is also linked to Hsp70 function. Compared to the control, MAL1-271 significantly increased the number of cells lacking α-synuclein inclusions and increased the steady-state levels of the CFTR mutant. We also found that a nitrile-containing MAL1-271 analog exhibited similar effects in both assays. None of the derivatives exhibited cellular toxicity at concentrations up to 100 μm, nor were cellular stress response pathways induced. These data serve as a gateway for the continued development of a new class of Hsp70 agonists with efficacy in these and potentially other disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette N Chiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, A320 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Mary Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 758 Chevron Science Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Antonio Dominguez-Meijide
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Caterina Masaracchia
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer L Goeckeler-Fried
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, A320 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Carly S Mazzone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 758 Chevron Science Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - David W Newhouse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 758 Chevron Science Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Nathan M Kendsersky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, A320 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Megan E Yates
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, A320 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Alexandra Manos-Turvey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, A320 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 758 Chevron Science Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Patrick G Needham
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, A320 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 758 Chevron Science Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, A320 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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32
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Mondal MA, Khan AA, Mitra K. Iron(III)-catalyzed selective direct olefination of dihydropyrimidinone with aromatic aldehyde. J CHEM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-018-1543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Weissman Z, Pinsky M, Wolfgeher DJ, Kron SJ, Truman AW, Kornitzer D. Genetic analysis of Hsp70 phosphorylation sites reveals a role in Candida albicans cell and colony morphogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1868:140135. [PMID: 31964485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are best known for their role as chaperonins involved in general proteostasis, but they can also participate in specific cellular regulatory pathways, e.g. via their post-translational modification. Hsp70/Ssa1 is a central cytoplasmic chaperonin in eukaryotes, which also participates in cell cycle regulation via its phosphorylation at a specific residue. Here we analyze the role of Ssa1 phosphorylation in the morphogenesis of the fungus Candida albicans, a common human opportunistic pathogen. C. albicans can assume alternative yeast and hyphal (mold) morphologies, an ability that contributes to its virulence. We identified 11 phosphorylation sites on C. albicans Ssa1, of which 8 were only detected in the hyphal cells. Genetic analysis of these sites revealed allele-specific effects on growth or hyphae formation at 42 °C. Colony morphology, which is normally wrinkled or crenellated at 37 °C, reverted to smooth in several mutants, but this colony morphology phenotype was unrelated to cellular morphology. Two mutants exhibited a mild increase in sensitivity to the cell wall-active compounds caspofungin and calcofluor white. We suggest that this analysis could help direct screens for Ssa1-specific drugs to combat C. albicans virulence. The pleiotropic effects of many Ssa1 mutations are consistent with the large number of Ssa1 client proteins, whereas the lack of concordance between the phenotypes of the different alleles suggests that different sites on Ssa1 can affect interaction with specific classes of client proteins, and that modification of these sites can play cellular regulatory roles, consistent with the "chaperone code" hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziva Weissman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - I.I.T. and the Rappaport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Mariel Pinsky
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - I.I.T. and the Rappaport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Donald J Wolfgeher
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Andrew W Truman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | - Daniel Kornitzer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - I.I.T. and the Rappaport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Haifa 31096, Israel.
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Vendrusculo V, de Souza VP, M Fontoura LA, M D'Oca MG, Banzato TP, Monteiro PA, Pilli RA, de Carvalho JE, Russowsky D. Synthesis of novel perillyl-dihydropyrimidinone hybrids designed for antiproliferative activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1553-1564. [PMID: 30288229 PMCID: PMC6151448 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00270c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of fifteen novel dihydropyrimidinone hybrid compounds were synthesized in good yields via a multicomponent reaction combined with the Huisgen reaction. The antiproliferative activity was investigated against nine tumor cell lines, and four hybrid compounds (TGI < 10 μM) showed promising antiproliferative activity against the tumor cell lines OVCAR-3 (ovarian), UACC-62 (melanoma) and U251 (glioma). Several hybrid compounds assayed have high TGI values (TGI 147.92-507.82) for the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCat), which reveals selectivity to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Vendrusculo
- Instituto de Química , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil .
| | - Vanessa P de Souza
- Instituto de Química , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil .
| | - Luiz Antônio M Fontoura
- Fundação da Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- PPGEMPS , Universidade Luterana do Brasil , Canoas , RS , Brazil
| | - Marcelo G M D'Oca
- Escola de Química e Alimentos , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande , Rio Grande , RS , Brazil
| | - Thais P Banzato
- Instituto de Biologia , Universidade Estadual Campinas , Campinas , SP , Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Químicas , Biológicas e Agrícolas , Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Paula A Monteiro
- Instituto de Biologia , Universidade Estadual Campinas , Campinas , SP , Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Químicas , Biológicas e Agrícolas , Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Ronaldo A Pilli
- Instituto de Química , Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Instituto de Biologia , Universidade Estadual Campinas , Campinas , SP , Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Químicas , Biológicas e Agrícolas , Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Dennis Russowsky
- Instituto de Química , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil .
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35
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Mostafa AS, Bayoumi WA, El-Mesery M, Elgaml A. Molecular Design and Synthesis of New 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-Ones as Potential Anticancer Agents with VEGFR-2 Inhibiting Activity. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2018; 19:310-322. [PMID: 30019649 DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666180717125906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two series of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives were designed based on the main structural features characterizing reported anticancer compounds with potent VEGFR-2 inhibiting activity. METHODS All the target compounds were synthesized and investigated for their in vitro anticancer activity using MTT assay and NCI protocol. The most active compounds were further investigated for the VEGFR-2 inhibiting activity using enzyme inhibition assay. RESULT Of these derivatives, compound 8b possessed significant activity against Caco-2 (IC50 of 24.9 µM) and MCF7 (IC50 of 29.4 µM), compound 10 showed excellent potency against HCT-116 (IC50 of 32.6 µM), HEPG2 (IC50 of 16.4 µM) and MCF7 (IC50 of 32.8 µM), while compound 11b exhibited moderate anticancer activity towards MCF7 (IC50 of 41.7µM). Both 8b and 10 exhibited good potency regarding the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), with an IC50 of 14.00 and 21.62 nM, respectively. CONCLUSION The activity was rationalized based on molecular docking study that supported their VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity; as indicated by their favorable binding with the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany S Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Waleed A Bayoumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamassa, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Mesery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdelaziz Elgaml
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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36
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Rogerio KR, Carvalho LJM, Domingues LHP, Neves BJ, Moreira Filho JT, Castro RN, Bianco Júnior C, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Andrade CH, Graebin CS. Synthesis and molecular modelling studies of pyrimidinones and pyrrolo[3,4-d]-pyrimidinodiones as new antiplasmodial compounds. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:e170452. [PMID: 29924131 PMCID: PMC6001580 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is responsible for 429,000 deaths per year worldwide, and more than 200 million cases were reported in 2015. Increasing parasite resistance has imposed restrictions to the currently available antimalarial drugs. Thus, the search for new, effective and safe antimalarial drugs is crucial. Heterocyclic compounds, such as dihydropyrimidinones (DHPM), synthesised via the Biginelli multicomponent reaction, as well as bicyclic compounds synthesised from DHPMs, have emerged as potential antimalarial candidates in the last few years. METHODS Thirty compounds were synthesised employing the Biginelli multicomponent reaction and subsequent one-pot substitution/cyclisation protocol; the compounds were then evaluated in vitro against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites (W2 strain). Drug cytotoxicity in baseline kidney African Green Monkey cells (BGM) was also evaluated. The most active in vitro compounds were evaluated against P. berghei parasites in mice. Additionally, we performed an in silico target fishing approach with the most active compounds, aiming to shed some light into the mechanism at a molecular level. RESULTS The synthetic route chosen was effective, leading to products with high purity and yields ranging from 10-84%. Three out of the 30 compounds tested were identified as active against the parasite and presented low toxicity. The in silico study suggested that among all the molecular targets identified by our target fishing approach, Protein Kinase 3 (PK5) and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK-3β) are the most likely molecular targets for the synthesised compounds. CONCLUSIONS We were able to easily obtain a collection of heterocyclic compounds with in vitro anti-P. falciparum activity that can be used as scaffolds for the design and development of new antiplasmodial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Rodrigues Rogerio
- Laboratório de Diversidade Molecular e Química Medicinal, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Leonardo J M Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Luiza Helena Pinto Domingues
- Laboratório de Diversidade Molecular e Química Medicinal, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Bruno Junior Neves
- Laboratório de Planejamento de Fármacos e Modelagem Molecular, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - José Teófilo Moreira Filho
- Laboratório de Planejamento de Fármacos e Modelagem Molecular, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Rosane Nora Castro
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Cesare Bianco Júnior
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Claudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- Laboratório de Planejamento de Fármacos e Modelagem Molecular, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Cedric Stephan Graebin
- Laboratório de Diversidade Molecular e Química Medicinal, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
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Rathwa SK, Vasava MS, Bhoi MN, Borad MA, Patel HD. Recent advances in the synthesis of C-5-substituted analogs of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-ones: A review. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1423503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K. Rathwa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Mahesh S. Vasava
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Manoj N. Bhoi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Mayuri A. Borad
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Hitesh D. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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Screening of pharmacokinetic properties of fifty dihydropyrimidin(thi)one derivatives using a combo of in vitro and in silico assays. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:334-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Matos LHS, Masson FT, Simeoni LA, Homem-de-Mello M. Biological activity of dihydropyrimidinone (DHPM) derivatives: A systematic review. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1779-1789. [PMID: 29133039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dihydropyrimidinones are heterocycles with a pyrimidine moiety in the ring nucleus, which, in recent decades, have aroused interest in medicinal chemistry due to alleged versatile biological activity. In this systematic review, we describe the currently published activities of dihydropyrimidinone derivatives. Between 1990 and December 31st, 2016, 115 articles outlined biological activities or toxicity of DHPM derivatives, 12 of those involved in vivo experiments. The main activities associated with this class of compounds are antitumoral (43 articles), anti-inflammatory (12 articles), antibacterial (20 articles) and calcium channel antagonism/inhibition (14 articles). Antitumoral activity is the main biological property evaluated, since the main representative compound of this class (monastrol) is a known Eg5 kinesin inhibitor. This review depicts a variety of other pharmacological activities associated with DHPM derivatives, but the main findings are essentially in vitro characteristics of the substances. This review presents the current state of the art of DHPM biological activities and demonstrates that there is still a need for further in vivo studies to better delineate the pharmacological potential of this class of substances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flávia Teixeira Masson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Simeoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Homem-de-Mello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brazil.
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40
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Bhatt JD, Chudasama CJ, Patel KD. Diarylpyrazole Ligated Dihydropyrimidine Hybrids as Potent Non-Classical Antifolates and Their Efficacy Against Plasmodium falciparum. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [PMID: 28796406 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A series of diarylpyrazole clubbed dihydropyrimidine derivatives (J1-J30) was synthesized under microwave-assisted heating conditions by employing Biginelli reaction methodology and utilizing triethylammonium acetate both as a catalyst and as reaction medium, leading towards a greener reaction pathway. The synthesized entities were screened for their antimalarial efficacy against a Plasmodium falciparum strain in vitro. The active entities (J9, J15, J21, J25, and J27) obtained out of the in vitro screening were further evaluated for their enzyme inhibitory potency against the Pf-DHFR enzyme in vitro as well as in silico using Glide. Furthermore, the active scaffolds were tested for their cytotoxicity against Vero cells, proving their nontoxic behavior and selectivity. The ADME parameters were also evaluated and predicted in silico, indicating good oral bioavailability of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimin D Bhatt
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P. Science College, Affiliated To Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India.,Sophisticated Instrumentation Center for Applied Research and Testing (SICART), Affiliated To Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Chaitanya J Chudasama
- Department of Biochemistry, Shree Alpesh N. Patel P. G. Institute, Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Kanuprasad D Patel
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P. Science College, Affiliated To Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
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41
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Synthesis, investigation of the new derivatives of dihydropyrimidines and determination of their biological activity. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Essid I, Lahbib K, Kaminsky W, Ben Nasr C, Touil S. 5-phosphonato-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H )-ones: Zinc triflate-catalyzed one-pot multi-component synthesis, X-ray crystal structure and anti-inflammatory activity. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Choudhury M, Viswanathan V, Timiri AK, Sinha BN, Jayaprakash V, Velmurugan D. Crystal structures of 2-[(4,6-di-amino-pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfan-yl]- N-(2,4-di-methyl-phen-yl)acetamide and 2-[(4,6-di-amino-pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfan-yl]- N-(3-meth-oxy-phen-yl)acetamide. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2017; 73:996-1000. [PMID: 28775869 PMCID: PMC5499277 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989017008143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the title compounds, C14H17N5OS (I) and C13H15N5O2S (II), the dihedral angle between the pyrimidine and benzene rings is 58.64 (8)° in (I) and 78.33 (9)° in (II). In both compounds, there is an intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond, and in (II) there is also an intra-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bond present. In the crystals of both compounds, a pair of N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds links the individual mol-ecules to form inversion dimers with R22(8) ring motifs. In (I), the dimers are linked by N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, enclosing R21(14), R21(11) and R21(7) ring motifs, forming layers parallel to the (100) plane. There is also an N-H⋯π inter-action present within the layer. In (II), the inversion dimers are linked by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds enclosing an R44(18) ring motif. The presence of N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate an R21(6) ring motif. The combination of these various hydrogen bonds results in the formation of layers parallel to the (1-11) plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Choudhury
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Vijayan Viswanathan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Timiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesta, Ranchi 835 215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Barij Nayan Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesta, Ranchi 835 215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Venkatesan Jayaprakash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesta, Ranchi 835 215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Devadasan Velmurugan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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Rimaz M, Khalafy J, Mousavi H, Bohlooli S, Khalili B. Two Different Green Catalytic Systems for One-Pot Regioselective and Chemoselective Synthesis of Some Pyrimido[4,5-d]Pyrimidinone Derivatives in Water. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rimaz
- Department of Chemistry; Payame Noor University; PO Box 19395-3697 Tehran Iran
| | - Jabbar Khalafy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Urmia University; Urmia Iran
| | - Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Chemistry; Payame Noor University; PO Box 19395-3697 Tehran Iran
| | - Sanaz Bohlooli
- Department of Chemistry; Payame Noor University; PO Box 19395-3697 Tehran Iran
| | - Behzad Khalili
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Guilan; PO Box 41335-1914 Rasht Iran
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Kumar A, Bhowmick K, Vikramdeo KS, Mondal N, Subbarao N, Dhar SK. Designing novel inhibitors against histone acetyltransferase (HAT: GCN5) of Plasmodium falciparum. Eur J Med Chem 2017. [PMID: 28644986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During active proliferation phase of intra-erythrocytic cycle, the genome of P. falciparum is regulated epigenetically and evolutionary conserved parasite-specific histone proteins are extensively acetylated. The reversible process of lysine acetylation, causing transcriptional activation and its deacetylation, causing transcriptional repression is regulated by balanced activities of HATs and HDACs. They are also known to regulate antigenic variations and gametocytic conversion in P. falciparum. These histone modifying enzymes have been identified as potential targets for development of anitmalarials in literature. PfGCN5, a HAT family member of P. falciparum is predominantly involved in H3K9 acetylation. In this study, through comparative structure and sequence analysis, we elucidate differences in the catalytic pocket of PfGCN5 which can be exploited to design selective inhibitors. Through virtual screening of known antimalarials from ChEMBL bioassay database, we mapped 10 compounds with better affinity towards PfGCN5. Further, we identified 10 more novel compounds which showed remarkably better affinity towards the Plasmodium target from analogues of mapped inhibitors from ZINC database of commercially available compounds. Comparative molecular dynamics simulation study of one of the compounds (C14) complex with PfGCN5 and HsGCN5 suggested the possible reason for its selectivity. In vitro parasite growth assay in the presence of C14 showed IC50 value at lower nanomolar range (∼ 225 nM). However, no effect in mammalian fibroblast cells was observed for C14 (up to 20 μM). Further, reduced level of HAT activity of recombinant GCN5 and H3K9Ac was observed in the parasites treated with C14. Overall, this study reports 20 potential inhibitors of PfGCN5 and experimental validation of one molecule (C14) with antimalarial activity at low nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjeet Kumar
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, JNU, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Naidu Subbarao
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, JNU, New Delhi, India.
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Machicao PA, Burt SR, Christensen RK, Lohner NB, Singleton J, Peterson MA. An efficient microwave assisted synthesis of N′-aryl/(alkyl)-substituted N-(4-hydroxy-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-yl)guanidines: Scope and limitations. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Matias M, Campos G, Silvestre S, Falcão A, Alves G. Early preclinical evaluation of dihydropyrimidin(thi)ones as potential anticonvulsant drug candidates. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 102:264-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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1,2,4-Triazolo-quinazoline-thiones: Non-conventional synthetic approach, study of solvatochromism and antioxidant assessment. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 162:232-239. [PMID: 27387672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A non-conventional methodology has been utilized for the synthesis of a series of 1,2,4-triazolo-quinazoline-thiones (2a-l). Here the reaction was carried out between 1,2,4-triazolo-quinazolinones (1a-l), in the presence of 1,4-dioxane. The mixture was irradiated under microwave (100W) for 7min to obtain targeted molecules (2a-l). All the synthesized molecules were confirmed by (1)H, (13)C NMR and HRMS. The solvatochromic property (absorption spectra) of compounds (2a-l) in solvents of different polarities was studied. The compounds (2a-l) were further subjected for their in vitro free radical screening using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and also screened for their in vitro anti-fungal property against Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) and Aspergillus niger (A. niger). The results from free radical scavenging assay showed promising activity for compounds 2a, e-i, whereas compound 2d showed significant antioxidant activity when compared to ascorbic acid. In vitro anti-fungal study showed that the 1,2,4-triazolo-quinazoline-thiones (2a-l) had significant activity against A. flavus and A. niger compared with widely used antifungal agent Fluconazole.
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Zininga T, Achilonu I, Hoppe H, Prinsloo E, Dirr HW, Shonhai A. Plasmodium falciparum Hsp70-z, an Hsp110 homologue, exhibits independent chaperone activity and interacts with Hsp70-1 in a nucleotide-dependent fashion. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:499-513. [PMID: 26894764 PMCID: PMC4837182 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of molecular chaperones, among them heat shock proteins (Hsps), in the development of malaria parasites has been well documented. Hsp70s are molecular chaperones that facilitate protein folding. Hsp70 proteins are composed of an N-terminal nucleotide binding domain (NBD), which confers them with ATPase activity and a C-terminal substrate binding domain (SBD). In the ADP-bound state, Hsp70 possesses high affinity for substrate and releases the folded substrate when it is bound to ATP. The two domains are connected by a conserved linker segment. Hsp110 proteins possess an extended lid segment, a feature that distinguishes them from canonical Hsp70s. Plasmodium falciparum Hsp70-z (PfHsp70-z) is a member of the Hsp110 family of Hsp70-like proteins. PfHsp70-z is essential for survival of malaria parasites and is thought to play an important role as a molecular chaperone and nucleotide exchange factor of its cytosolic canonical Hsp70 counterpart, PfHsp70-1. Unlike PfHsp70-1 whose functions are fairly well established, the structure-function features of PfHsp70-z remain to be fully elucidated. In the current study, we established that PfHsp70-z possesses independent chaperone activity. In fact, PfHsp70-z appears to be marginally more effective in suppressing protein aggregation than its cytosol-localized partner, PfHsp70-1. Furthermore, based on coimmunoaffinity chromatography and surface plasmon resonance analyses, PfHsp70-z associated with PfHsp70-1 in a nucleotide-dependent fashion. Our findings suggest that besides serving as a molecular chaperone, PfHsp70-z could facilitate the nucleotide exchange function of PfHsp70-1. These dual functions explain why it is essential for parasite survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda Zininga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Ikechukwu Achilonu
- Protein Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Heinrich Hoppe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Heini W Dirr
- Protein Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Addmore Shonhai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa.
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50
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Daniyan MO, Boshoff A, Prinsloo E, Pesce ER, Blatch GL. The Malarial Exported PFA0660w Is an Hsp40 Co-Chaperone of PfHsp70-x. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148517. [PMID: 26845441 PMCID: PMC4742251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum, the human pathogen responsible for the most dangerous malaria infection, survives and develops in mature erythrocytes through the export of proteins needed for remodelling of the host cell. Molecular chaperones of the heat shock protein (Hsp) family are prominent members of the exportome, including a number of Hsp40s and a Hsp70. PFA0660w, a type II Hsp40, has been shown to be exported and possibly form a complex with PfHsp70-x in the infected erythrocyte cytosol. However, the chaperone properties of PFA0660w and its interaction with human and parasite Hsp70s are yet to be investigated. Recombinant PFA0660w was found to exist as a monomer in solution, and was able to significantly stimulate the ATPase activity of PfHsp70-x but not that of a second plasmodial Hsp70 (PfHsp70-1) or a human Hsp70 (HSPA1A), indicating a potential specific functional partnership with PfHsp70-x. Protein binding studies in the presence and absence of ATP suggested that the interaction of PFA0660w with PfHsp70-x most likely represented a co-chaperone/chaperone interaction. Also, PFA0660w alone produced a concentration-dependent suppression of rhodanese aggregation, demonstrating its chaperone properties. Overall, we have provided the first biochemical evidence for the possible role of PFA0660w as a chaperone and as co-chaperone of PfHsp70-x. We propose that these chaperones boost the chaperone power of the infected erythrocyte, enabling successful protein trafficking and folding, and thereby making a fundamental contribution to the pathology of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O. Daniyan
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Aileen Boshoff
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Eva-Rachele Pesce
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (GLB); (E-RP)
| | - Gregory L. Blatch
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (GLB); (E-RP)
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