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Omar AZ, El-Aleem NGA, Megid SMA, El-Bardan AA. Design, Synthesis, Characterization, DFT Calculations, Molecular Docking Study, and Antimicrobial Activity of Hydrazones Bearing Pyrimidine and Sugar Moieties. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022050156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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Jin X, Xing L, Deng DD, Yan J, Fu Y, Dong W. One-Pot Synthesis of Substituted 2-Amino Isonicotinic Acids: Reminiscent of the Guareschi-Thorpe Condensation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:1541-1544. [PMID: 35007065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a concise manner to make a wide variety of mono- or disubstituted 2-amino isonicotinic acids via the corresponding 2,4-dioxo-carboxylic acid ethyl esters and ethyl 3-amino-3-iminopropionate hydrochloride. The reaction likely proceeds through an in situ decarboxylation process and is reminiscent of the Guareschi-Thorpe Condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangle Jin
- Center of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 1010 Longdong Avenue, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lidong Xing
- Center of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 1010 Longdong Avenue, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Daniel Da Deng
- Center of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 1010 Longdong Avenue, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Center of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 1010 Longdong Avenue, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Center of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 1010 Longdong Avenue, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weitong Dong
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
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Pieterse L, van der Walt MM, Terre'Blanche G. C2-substituted quinazolinone derivatives exhibit A 1 and/or A 2A adenosine receptor affinities in the low micromolar range. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127274. [PMID: 32631506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antagonists of the adenosine receptors (A1 and A2A subtypes) are widely researched as potential drug candidates for their role in Parkinson's disease-related cognitive deficits (A1 subtype), motor dysfunction (A2A subtype) and to exhibit neuroprotective properties (A2A subtype). Previously the benzo-α-pyrone based derivative, 3-phenyl-1H-2-benzopyran-1-one, was found to display both A1 and A2A adenosine receptor affinity in the low micromolar range. Prompted by this, the α-pyrone core was structurally modified to explore related benzoxazinone and quinazolinone homologues previously unknown as adenosine receptor antagonists. Overall, the C2-substituted quinazolinone analogues displayed superior A1 and A2A adenosine receptor affinity over their C2-substituted benzoxazinone homologues. The benzoxazinones were devoid of A2A adenosine receptor binding, with only two compounds displaying A1 adenosine receptor affinity. In turn, the quinazolinones displayed varying degrees of affinity (low micromolar range) towards the A1 and A2A adenosine receptor subtypes. The highest A1 adenosine receptor affinity and selectivity were favoured by methyl para-substitution of phenyl ring B (A1Ki = 2.50 μM). On the other hand, 3,4-dimethoxy substitution of phenyl ring B afforded the best A2A adenosine receptor binding (A2AKi = 2.81 μM) among the quinazolinones investigated. In conclusion, the quinazolinones are ideal lead compounds for further structural optimization to gain improved adenosine receptor affinity, which may find therapeutic relevance in Parkinson's disease-associated cognitive deficits and motor dysfunctions as well as exerting neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianie Pieterse
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Mietha M van der Walt
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa.
| | - Gisella Terre'Blanche
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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4
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Rosen BR, Ul Sharif E, Miles DH, Chan NS, Leleti MR, Powers JP. Improved synthesis of sterically encumbered heteroaromatic biaryls from aromatic β-keto esters. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Nassar IF, Farargy AFE, Abdelrazek FM, Hamza Z. Synthesis of new uracil derivatives and their sugar hydrazones with potent antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 39:991-1010. [PMID: 32126887 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2020.1736300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
6-(4-Chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (4) was prepared and was reacted with ethyl chloroacetate, hydrazine hydrate, 4-chloroaniline, formaldehyde, acetic anhydride, formic acid, carbon disulfide, 4-cyanobenzaldehyde, triethyl orthoformate, D-sugars, 4-aminoacetophenone, benzoyl choride and cyclohexanone to afford a series of new uracil derivatives (5-18). Examination of some of the prepared compounds for their antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities was conducted. Among the tested samples, compound 17 was the most active substance against the gram-positive bacteria and was more potent than the reference drug Cefoperazone. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of 17 was higher against gram-negative bacteria. Compounds 6 and 13 reached a higher scavenging ability toward DPPH radicals and are better candidates for antioxidant activity. Also, compounds 6 and 13 had no significant anticancer activity toward liver cancer (Hep G2) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim F Nassar
- Faculty of Specific Education, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El Farargy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fathy M Abdelrazek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Hamza
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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6
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Rahman AAHA, Nassar IF, Shaban AKF, El-Kady DS, Awad HM, El Sayed WA. Synthesis, Docking Studies into CDK-2 and Anticancer Activity of New Derivatives Based Pyrimidine Scaffold and Their Derived Glycosides. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1093-1110. [PMID: 30864522 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190312165717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE New diaryl-substituted pyrimidinedione compounds, their thioxo derivatives as well as their bicyclic thiazole compounds were synthesized and characterized. METHODS The glycosylamino derivatives of the synthesized disubstituted derivatives of the pyrimidine scaffold were also prepared via reaction of the N3-amino derivatives with a number of monosaccharides followed by acetylation. RESULTS The anticancer activity of the synthesized compounds was studied against human liver cancer (HepG2) and RPE-1cell lines. Compounds 2a, 2b, 3a and 12 showed potent activities with IC50 results comparable to that of doxorubicin. CONCLUSION Docking investigations into Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK-2) enzyme, a potential target for cancer medication, were also reported showing the possible binding interaction into the enzyme active site to support their activity behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim F Nassar
- Faculty of Specific Education, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira K F Shaban
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menofia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Dina S El-Kady
- Hormone Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanem M Awad
- Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael A El Sayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.,Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Reaction of β-alkoxyvinyl α-ketoesters with acyclic NCN binucleophiles – Scalable approach to novel functionalized pyrimidines. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Lefin R, van der Walt MM, Milne PJ, Terre'Blanche G. Imidazo[1,2-α]pyridines possess adenosine A1 receptor affinity for the potential treatment of cognition in neurological disorders. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3963-3967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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9
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Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of novel 4-amino-6-(1,3,4-oxadiazolo/1,3,4-thiadiazolo)-pyrimidine derivatives. Mol Divers 2015; 20:391-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Robinson SJ, Petzer JP, Terre'Blanche G, Petzer A, van der Walt MM, Bergh JJ, Lourens ACU. 2-Aminopyrimidines as dual adenosine A1/A2A antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 104:177-88. [PMID: 26462195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study thirteen 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives were synthesised and screened as potential antagonists of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors in order to further investigate the structure activity relationships of this class of compounds. 4-(5-Methylfuran-2-yl)-6-[3-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-amine (8m) was identified as a compound with high affinities for both receptors, with an A2AKi value of 6.34 nM and an A1Ki value of 9.54 nM. The effect of selected compounds on the viability of cultured cells was assessed and preliminary results indicate low cytotoxicity. In vivo efficacy at A2A receptors was illustrated for compounds 8k and 8m since these compounds attenuated haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats. A molecular docking study revealed that the interactions between the synthesised compounds and the adenosine A2A binding site most likely involve Phe168 and Asn253, interactions which are similar for structurally related adenosine A2A receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarel J Robinson
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Gisella Terre'Blanche
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Mietha M van der Walt
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Jacobus J Bergh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Anna C U Lourens
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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11
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Preti D, Baraldi PG, Moorman AR, Borea PA, Varani K. History and perspectives of A2A adenosine receptor antagonists as potential therapeutic agents. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:790-848. [PMID: 25821194 DOI: 10.1002/med.21344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence emphasizes that the purine nucleoside adenosine plays an active role as a local regulator in different pathologies. Adenosine is a ubiquitous nucleoside involved in various physiological and pathological functions by stimulating A1 , A2A , A2B , and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs). At the present time, the role of A2A ARs is well known in physiological conditions and in a variety of pathologies, including inflammatory tissue damage and neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, the use of selective A2A antagonists has been reported to be potentially useful in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this review, A2A AR signal transduction pathways, together with an analysis of the structure-activity relationships of A2A antagonists, and their corresponding pharmacological roles and therapeutic potential have been presented. The initial results from an emerging polypharmacological approach are also analyzed. This approach is based on the optimization of the affinity and/or functional activity of the examined compounds toward multiple targets, such as A1 /A2A ARs and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), both closely implicated in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Preti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Pier Andrea Borea
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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Haveliwala DD, Kamdar NR, Mistry PT, Patel SK. Chromone-fused cytosine analogues: synthesis, biological activity, and structure-activity relationship. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 33:80-91. [PMID: 24660882 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2013.873128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of a series of novel chromone-fused cytosine analogues, i.e., chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidines has been carried out from substituted 2-amino-4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carbonitriles with urea, thiourea, and guanidine under different reaction conditions. These chromone-fused cytosine analogues were evaluated for their in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain and different microbial pathogenic strains in cell culture for their structure-activity relationships, respectively. Among the synthesized compounds, 2d, 3a, and 4e showed better results against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The compounds 2a, 2b, and 3a showed potential antibacterial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, while the majority of compounds were found to be active against S. aureus as compared to ampicillin. The synthesized cytosine analogues having an imine (-C&dbnd;NH) have been less sensitive to the bacterial and fungal strains but have a more beneficial effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval D Haveliwala
- a Department of Chemistry Veer Narmad South Gujarat University , Surat , Gujarat , India
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13
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de Lera Ruiz M, Lim YH, Zheng J. Adenosine A2A Receptor as a Drug Discovery Target. J Med Chem 2013; 57:3623-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4011669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel de Lera Ruiz
- Department
of Chemical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Yeon-Hee Lim
- Department
of Chemical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Junying Zheng
- Department
of Chemical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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Rami C, Patel L, Patel CN, Parmar JP. Synthesis, antifungal activity, and QSAR studies of 1,6-dihydropyrimidine derivatives. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2013; 5:277-89. [PMID: 24302836 PMCID: PMC3831741 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.120078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A practical synthesis of pyrimidinone would be very helpful for chemists because pyrimidinone is found in many bioactive natural products and exhibits a wide range of biological properties. The biological significance of pyrimidine derivatives has led us to the synthesis of substituted pyrimidine. MATERIALS AND METHODS With the aim of developing potential antimicrobials, new series of 5-cyano-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyrimidine derivatives namely 2-(5-cyano-6-oxo-4-substituted (aryl)-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-2-ylthio)-N-substituted (phenyl) acetamide (C1-C41) were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mass analysis, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR). All the compounds were screened for their antifungal activity against Candida albicans (MTCC, 227). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) studies of a series of 1,6-dihydro-pyrimidine were carried out to study various structural requirements for fungal inhibition. Various lipophilic, electronic, geometric, and spatial descriptors were correlated with antifungal activity using genetic function approximation. Developed models were found predictive as indicated by their square of predictive regression values (r(2pred)) and their internal and external cross-validation. Study reveals that CHI_3_C, Molecular_SurfaceArea, and Jurs_DPSA_1 contributed significantly to the activity along with some electronic, geometric, and quantum mechanical descriptors. CONCLUSION A careful analysis of the antifungal activity data of synthesized compounds revealed that electron withdrawing substitution on N-phenyl acetamide ring of 1,6-dihydropyrimidine moiety possess good activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Rami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Laxmanbhai Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Educational and Research, Ganapat University, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Chhaganbhai N. Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Jayshree P. Parmar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
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Insight into the binding mode and the structural features of the pyrimidine derivatives as human A2A adenosine receptor antagonists. Biosystems 2013; 115:13-22. [PMID: 23665268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of 278 monocyclic and bicyclic pyrimidine derivatives with human A2A adenosine receptor (AR) was investigated by employing molecular dynamics, thermodynamic analysis and three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) approaches. The binding analysis reveals that the pyrimidine derivatives are anchored in TM2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 of A2A AR by the aromatic stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions. The key residues involving Phe168, Glu169, and Asn253 stabilize the monocyclic and bicyclic cores of inhibitors. The thermodynamic analysis by molecular mechanics/Poisson Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) approach also confirms the reasonableness of the binding modes. In addition, the ligand-/receptor-based comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) models of high statistical significance were generated and the resulting contour maps correlate well with the structural features of the antagonists essential for high A2A AR affinity. A minor/bulky group with negative charge at C2/C6 of pyrimidine ring respectively enhances the activity for all these pyrimidine derivatives. Particularly, the higher electron density of the ring in the bicyclic derivatives, the more potent the antagonists. The obatined results might be helpful in rational design of novel candidate of A2A adenosine receptor antagonist for treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Shook BC, Jackson PF. Adenosine A(2A) Receptor Antagonists and Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2011; 2:555-67. [PMID: 22860156 DOI: 10.1021/cn2000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This Review summarizes and updates the work on adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists for Parkinson's disease from 2006 to the present. There have been numerous publications, patent applications, and press releases within this time frame that highlight new medicinal chemistry approaches to this attractive and promising target to treat Parkinson's disease. The Review is broken down by scaffold type and will discuss the efforts to optimize particular scaffolds for activity, pharmacokinetics, and other drug discovery parameters. The majority of approaches focus on preparing selective A(2A) antagonists, but a few approaches to dual A(2A)/A(1) antagonists will also be highlighted. The in vivo profiles of compounds will be highlighted and discussed to compare activities across different chemical series. A clinical report and update will be given on compounds that have entered clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Shook
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., Welsh and McKean Roads, P.O. Box 776, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Paul F. Jackson
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., Welsh and McKean Roads, P.O. Box 776, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
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Al-Abdullah ES, Al-Obaid ARM, Al-Deeb OA, Habib EE, El-Emam AA. Synthesis of novel 6-phenyl-2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine-5-carbonitriles as potential antimicrobial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4642-7. [PMID: 21849221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
New series of 6-phenyl-2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine-5-carbonitriles namely, 2-substitued thio-6-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-4-oxopyrimidine-5-carbonitriles (5a-d, 6, 7a-d, 8), 2-(4-chlorobenzylthio)-4-chloro-6-phenylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (9), 2-(4-chlorobenzylthio)-4-arylthio-6-phenylpyrimidine-5-carbonitriles (10a-d) and 2-(4-chlorobenzylthio)-4-arylamino-6-phenylpyrimidine-5-carbonitriles (11a-d) was synthesized and tested for in vitro activities against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the yeast-like pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Compounds 5b, 5c, 6, 7a, 7b, 7c, 9 and 11a displayed marked antibacterial activity particularly against the tested Gram-positive bacteria, while compounds 6, 7c, 7d and 9 were moderately or weakly active against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtehal S Al-Abdullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PO Box 2457, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Lauria A, Tutone M, Almerico AM. Virtual lock-and-key approach: the in silico revival of Fischer model by means of molecular descriptors. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4274-80. [PMID: 21775029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the last years the application of computational methodologies in the medicinal chemistry fields has found an amazing development. All the efforts were focused on the searching of new leads featuring a close affinity on a specific biological target. Thus, different molecular modeling approaches in simulation of molecular behavior for a specific biological target were employed. In spite of the increasing reliability of computational methodologies, not always the designed lead, once synthesized and screened, are suitable for the chosen biological target. To give another chance to these compounds, this work tries to resume the old concept of Fischer lock-and-key model. The same can be done for the "re-purposing" of old drugs. In fact, it is known that drugs may have many physiological targets, therefore it may be useful to identify them. This aspect, called "polypharmacology", is known to be therapeutically essential in the different treatments. The proposed protocol, the virtual lock-and-key approach (VLKA), consists in the "virtualization" of biological targets through the respectively known inhibitors. In order to release a real lock it is necessary the key fits the pins of the lock. The molecular descriptors could be considered as pins. A tested compound can be considered a potential inhibitor of a biological target if the values of its molecular descriptors fall in the calculated range values for the set of known inhibitors. The proposed protocol permits to transform a biological target in a "lock model" starting from its known inhibitors. To release a real lock all pins must fit. In the proposed protocol, it was supposed that the higher is the number of fit pins, the higher will be the affinity to the considered biological target. Therefore, each biological target was converted in a sequence of "weighted" molecular descriptor range values (locks) by using the structural features of the known inhibitors. Each biological target lock was tested by performing a molecular descriptors "fitting" on known inhibitors not used in the model construction (keys or test set). The results showed a good predictive capability of the protocol (confidence level 80%). This method gives interesting and convenient results because of the user-defined descriptors and biological targets choice in the process of new inhibitors discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Lauria
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari e Biomolecolari STEMBIO, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Biologica, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, I-90123 Palermo, Italy.
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Sams AG, Mikkelsen GK, Larsen M, Langgård M, Howells ME, Schrøder TJ, Brennum LT, Torup L, Jørgensen EB, Bundgaard C, Kreilgård M, Bang-Andersen B. Discovery of Phosphoric Acid Mono-{2-[(E/Z)-4-(3,3-dimethyl-butyrylamino)-3,5-difluoro-benzoylimino]-thiazol-3-ylmethyl} Ester (Lu AA47070): A Phosphonooxymethylene Prodrug of a Potent and Selective hA2A Receptor Antagonist. J Med Chem 2011; 54:751-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1008659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anette G. Sams
- Medicinal Chemistry Research, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Gitte K. Mikkelsen
- Medicinal Chemistry Research, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Mogens Larsen
- Medicinal Chemistry Research, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Morten Langgård
- Computational Chemistry, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Mark E. Howells
- Process Research, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Tenna J. Schrøder
- Molecular Pharmacology, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Lise T. Brennum
- In vivo Neuropharmacology, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Lars Torup
- In vivo Neuropharmacology, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Erling B. Jørgensen
- Preformulation, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Bundgaard
- Discovery ADME, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Mads Kreilgård
- Discovery ADME, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Benny Bang-Andersen
- Medicinal Chemistry Research, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
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Yaziji V, Rodríguez D, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, Coelho A, Caamaño O, García-Mera X, Brea J, Loza MI, Cadavid MI, Sotelo E. Pyrimidine derivatives as potent and selective A3 adenosine receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2010; 54:457-71. [PMID: 21186795 DOI: 10.1021/jm100843z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Two regioisomeric series of diaryl 2- or 4-amidopyrimidines have been synthesized and their adenosine receptor affinities were determined in radioligand binding assays at the four human adenosine receptors (hARs). Some of the ligands prepared herein exhibit remarkable affinities (K(i) < 10 nm) and, most noticeably, the absence of activity at the A(1), A(2A), and A(2B) receptors. The structural determinants that support the affinity and selectivity profiles of the series were highlighted through an integrated computational approach, combining a 3D-QSAR model built on the second generation of GRid INdependent Descriptors (GRIND2) with a novel homology model of the hA(3) receptor. The robustness of the computational model was subsequently evaluated by the design of new derivatives exploring the alkyl substituent of the exocyclic amide group. The synthesis and evaluation of the novel compounds validated the predictive power of the model, exhibiting excellent agreement between predicted and experimental activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Yaziji
- Combinatorial Chemistry Unit (COMBIOMED), Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
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21
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Prediction of the binding affinities of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists based on the heuristic method and support vector machine. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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