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Amin A, Ullah N, Khan MA, Elsadek MF, Elshikh MS, Hasnain SZU, Baloch R, Chaman S, Makhkamov T, Yuldashev A, Yunusov S, Biturku J. Mango peel extracts and mangiferin chromatographic Fourier-transform infrared correlation with antioxidant, antidiabetic, and advanced glycation end product inhibitory potentials using in silico modeling and in vitro assays. Biomed Chromatogr 2024:e5936. [PMID: 38956791 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Mangifera indica peels are a rich source of diverse flavonoids and xanthonoids; however, generally these are discarded. Computational studies revealed that mangiferin significantly interacts with amino acid residues of transcriptional regulators 1IK3, 3TOP, and 4f5S. The methanolic extract of Langra variety of mangoes contained the least phenol concentrations (22.6 ± 0.32 mg/gGAE [gallic acid equivalent]) compared to the chloroform (214.8 ± 0.12 mg/gGAE) and ethyl acetate fractions (195.6 ± 0.14 mg/gGAE). Similarly, the methanolic extract of Sindhri variety contained lower phenol concentrations (42.3 ± 0.13 mg/gRUE [relative utilization efficiency]) compared with the chloroform (85.6 ± 0.15 mg/gGAE) and ethyl acetate (76.1 ± 0.32 mg/gGAE) fractions. Langra extract exhibited significant α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 0.06 mg/mL), whereas the ethyl acetate fraction was highly active (IC50 0.12 mg/mL) in Sindhri variety. Mangiferin exhibited significant inhibition (IC50 0.026 mg/mL). A moderate inhibition of 15-LOX was observed in all samples, whereas mangiferin was least active. In advanced glycation end product inhibition assay, the chloroform fraction of Langra variety exhibited significant inhibition in nonoxidative (IC50 64.4 μg/mL) and oxidative modes (IC50 54.7 μg/mL). It was concluded that both Langra and Sindhri peel extracts and fractions possess significant antidiabetic activities. The results suggest the potential use of peel waste in the management and complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Amin
- Natural Products Research Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Niamat Ullah
- Natural Products Research Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Abbas Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Zia Ul Hasnain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakaraiya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Baloch
- Allama Iqbal Teaching Hospital, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Chaman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Trobjon Makhkamov
- Department of Forestry and Landscape Design, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Akramjon Yuldashev
- Department of Ecology and Botany, Andijan State University, Andijan, Uzbekistan
| | - Salohiddinjon Yunusov
- Department of Horticulture and Viticulture, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Jonida Biturku
- Department of Agronomy Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agriculture University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
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Lavrentaki V, Kousaxidis A, Theodosis-Nobelos P, Papagiouvannis G, Koutsopoulos K, Nicolaou I. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of indazole carboxamides of N-substituted pyrrole derivatives as soybean lipoxygenase inhibitors. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10775-8. [PMID: 38145424 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we attempted to develop a novel class of compounds against lipoxygenase, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes implicated in a series of inflammatory diseases. Given the absence of appropriate human 5-lipoxygenase crystallographic data, solved soybean lipoxygenase-1 and -3 structures were used as a template to generate an accurate pharmacophore model which was further used for virtual screening purposes. Eight compounds (1-8) have been derived from the in-house library consisting of N-substituted pyrroles conjugated with 5- or 6-indazole moieties through a carboxamide linker. This study led to the discovery of hit molecule 8 bearing a naphthyl group with the IC50 value of 22 μM according to soybean lipoxygenase in vitro assay. Isosteric replacement of naphthyl ring with quinoline moieties and reduction of carbonyl carboxamide group resulted in compounds 9-12 and 13, respectively. Compound 12 demonstrated the most promising enzyme inhibition. In addition, compounds 8 and 12 were found to reduce the carrageenan-induced paw edema in vivo by 52.6 and 49.8%, respectively. In view of the encouraging outcomes concerning their notable in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities, compounds 8 and 12 could be further optimized for the discovery of novel 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors in future. A structure-based 3D pharmacophore model was used in the virtual screening of in-house library to discover novel potential 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Lavrentaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Kousaxidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Papagiouvannis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Frederick University, 1036, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Ioannis Nicolaou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Rathod V, Rathod K, Tomar RS, Tatamiya R, Hamid R, Jacob F, Munshi NS. Metabolic profiles of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in response to Puccinia arachidis fungal infection. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:630. [PMID: 37872498 PMCID: PMC10591357 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Puccinia arachidis fungus causes rust disease in the peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea L.), which leads to high yield loss. Metabolomic profiling of Arachis hypogaea was performed to identify the pathogen-induced production of metabolites involved in the defense mechanism of peanut plants. In this study, two peanut genotypes, one susceptible (JL-24) and one resistant (GPBD-4) were inoculated with Puccinia arachidis fungal pathogen. The metabolic response was assessed at the control stage (0 day without inoculation), 2 DAI (Day after inoculation), 4 DAI and 6 DAI by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results About 61 metabolites were identified by NIST library, comprising sugars, phenols, fatty acids, carboxylic acids and sugar alcohols. Sugars and fatty acids were predominant in leaf extracts compared to other metabolites. Concentration of different metabolites such as salicylic acid, mannitol, flavonoid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, linolenic acid and glucopyranoside were higher in resistant genotype than in susceptible genotype during infection. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and hypersensitive reaction (HR) components such as oxalic acid was elevated in resistant genotype during pathogen infection. Partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to GC-MS data for revealing metabolites profile between resistant and susceptible genotype during infection. Conclusion The phenol content and oxidative enzyme activity i.e. catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were found to be very high at 4 DAI in resistant genotype (p-value < 0.01). This metabolic approach provides information about bioactive plant metabolites and their application in crop protection and marker-assisted plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visha Rathod
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Khyati Rathod
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - Rukam S Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Rasmieh Hamid
- Department of Plant Breeding, Cotton Research Institute of Iran (CRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
| | - Feba Jacob
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, India
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Dubey A, Sivaraman J. Investigating anti-inflammatory actions of marine algal compound against lipoxygenase concentrating on therapeutic applications through computational approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37643084 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2249115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is the preliminary response given to any possible harmful stimuli including infections, injury or stress by immune system where neutrophils and macrophages gets activated and produces mediators, such as nitric oxide and cytokines that serves as biomarkers of inflammation. Lipoxygenases are enzymes that peroxidises lipids and are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases including inflammatory diseases. These are oxidative enzymes comprising a non-heme iron atom in active site and are convoluted in inflammatory reactions. Fucoidan is sulphated polysaccharide that has numerous pharmacological implications. Implications of fucoidan on inflammatory diseases are still an objective of rigorous research. Therefore, this study focusses on investigating lipoxygenase inhibitory activities of fucoidan. The mechanism of lipoxygenase inhibitory activities of fucoidan was studied via molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The docking score produced by the binding of the fucoidan to the lipoxygenase was - 6.69 kcal/mol whereas, the docking score in case of Aspirin and Zileuton were -5.8 kcal/mol and -7.0 kcal/mol and it was found that fucoidan makes hydrogen bonds with lipoxygenase protein through polar amino acid glutamine at GLN 514. The results obtained from molecular dynamics simulations proposed the development of a stable complex between fucoidan and lipoxygenase due to the establishment of favourable interactions with amino acid residues and indicated efficient results when compared with Aspirin and Zileuton. This study suggested that fucoidan had anti-inflammatory potentials and thus can be used as a promising drug candidate against inflammation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Dubey
- Computational Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayanthi Sivaraman
- Computational Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Roberts DE, Benton AM, Fabian-Bayola C, Spuches AM, Offenbacher AR. Thermodynamic and biophysical study of fatty acid effector binding to soybean lipoxygenase: implications for allostery driven by helix α2 dynamics. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:350-359. [PMID: 34997975 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Previous comparative kinetic isotope effects have inferred an allosteric site for fatty acids and their derivatives that modulates substrate selectivity in 15-lipoxygenases. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange also previously revealed regionally defined enhanced protein flexibility, centred at helix α2 - a gate to the substrate entrance. Direct evidence for allosteric binding and a complete understanding of its mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we examine the binding thermodynamics of the fatty acid mimic, oleyl sulfate (OS), with the monomeric model plant 15-LOX, soybean lipoxygenase (SLO), using isothermal titration calorimetry. Dynamic light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry rule out OS-induced oligomerization or structural changes. These data provide evidence that the fatty acid allosteric regulation of SLO is controlled by the dynamics of helix α2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy M Benton
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - Anne M Spuches
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Muñoz-Ramírez A, Mascayano-Collado C, Barriga A, Echeverría J, Urzúa A. Inhibition of Soybean 15-Lipoxygenase and Human 5-Lipoxygenase by Extracts of Leaves, Stem Bark, Phenols and Catechols Isolated From Lithraea caustica (Anacardiaceae). Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:594257. [PMID: 33390977 PMCID: PMC7774326 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.594257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithraea caustica (Molina) Hook. and Arn. (Anacardiaceae), common name Litre, is an evergreen endemic plant used in the Mapuche Chilean folk medicine. The stem juice of L. caustica mixed with Rubus ulmifolius (blackberry) is used to treat cough and the infusion of leaves is used in baths to treat joint inflammations. In this study, the activities of 3-n-alk(en)yl-catechols, obtained from the dichloromethane extract of the epicuticular compounds of fresh leaves (DCME), stem bark petroleum ether extract (PEE), fractions of phenols and phenol-acid compounds obtained from the methanolic extract (methanolic extract) of defatted leaves and aqueous infusion (AE) from fresh leaves, were evaluated as in vitro inhibitors of soybean 15-lipoxygenase (15-sLOX) and human 5-lipoxygenase (5-hLOX), one of the inflammation pathways. The 3-n-alk(en)yl-catechols were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance analysis as mixtures of 3-[(10E)-pentadec-10′-en-1-yl]-catechol, 3-[(10Z)-pentadec-10′-en-1-yl]-catechol and 3-n-pentadecylcatechol. In addition, two fractions, obtained from MeOHE, were characterized by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric as complex mixtures of known acids and phenolic compounds. DCME, MeOHE and ethyl acetate extract (AcOEtE) extracts showed inhibition against 15-sLOX, and the AE of fresh leaves, showed the best inhibition against 5-hLOX. The mixture of 3-n-alk(en)yl-catechols showed inhibition of 15-sLOX and 5-hLOX. The compounds 3-[(10Z)-pentadec-10′-en-1-yl]-catechol (IC50 2.09 µM) and 3-n-pentadecylcatechol (IC50 2.74 µM) showed inhibition against 5-hLOX. The inhibition values obtained for the 3-n-alk(en)yl-catechols are in the range of well-known inhibitors of 5-hLOX. Acetylation of the 3-n-alk(en)yl-catechols blocks the inhibitory activity, indicating that the free catechol function is necessary for the enzyme inhibition. In addition, the fractions of phenols and phenol-acid compounds showed inhibitory activity against 15-sLOX and the AE, showed a good inhibition against 5-hLOX. These results would be in agreement with the use of L. caustica, as an anti-inflammatory in Mapuche ethnomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Muñoz-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Mascayano-Collado
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Barriga
- Unidad de Espectrometría de Masas-CEPEDEQ Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Urzúa
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
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Offenbacher AR, Holman TR. Fatty Acid Allosteric Regulation of C-H Activation in Plant and Animal Lipoxygenases. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153374. [PMID: 32722330 PMCID: PMC7436259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) catalyze the (per) oxidation of fatty acids that serve as important mediators for cell signaling and inflammation. These reactions are initiated by a C-H activation step that is allosterically regulated in plant and animal enzymes. LOXs from higher eukaryotes are equipped with an N-terminal PLAT (Polycystin-1, Lipoxygenase, Alpha-Toxin) domain that has been implicated to bind to small molecule allosteric effectors, which in turn modulate substrate specificity and the rate-limiting steps of catalysis. Herein, the kinetic and structural evidence that describes the allosteric regulation of plant and animal lipoxygenase chemistry by fatty acids and their derivatives are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Offenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Theodore R. Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
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Muñoz-Ramírez A, Torrent-Farías C, Mascayano-Collado C, Urzúa-Moll A. Study of two isoforms of lipoxygenase by kinetic assays, docking and molecular dynamics of a specialised metabolite isolated from the aerial portion of Lithrea caustica (Anacardiaceae) and its synthetic analogs. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 174:112359. [PMID: 32220788 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our investigation focused on the characterization and study of epicuticular leaf extracts (dichloromethane extract) and certain derivatives of Lithrea caustica (Molina) Hook and Arn. (Anacardiaceae) as inhibitors of 15 soybean and 5 human lipoxygenases (15-sLOX and 5-hLOX). From the epicuticular extract of leaves, the compound (Z)-3-(pentadec-10'-enyl)-catechol (Litreol) was isolated, and three hemisynthetic derivatives were prepared, as they are 3-pentadecylcatechol, (Z)-1,2-diacetyl-3-(pentadec-10'-enyl)-benzene and 1,2-diacetyl-3-pentadecylbenzene. The inhibitory activities for the four compounds against 15-sLOX and 5-hLOX were determined, being (Z)-3-(pentadec-10'-enyl)-catechol (IC50 54.77 μM and 2.09 μM, respectively) and 3-pentadecylcatechol (IC50 55.28 μM and 2.74 μM, respectively), the most interesting compounds assayed. The kinetic studies for (Z)-3-(pentadec-10'-enyl)-catechol and 3-pentadecylcatechol showed a mixed inhibition mechanism to 5-LOX. Finally, docking and molecular dynamics studies were performed to characterize and describe how the chemical structures could be correlated to the decreased 5-hLOX activity observed in the in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Muñoz-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ciencias Del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Chile, Casilla 442, Correo 2, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Claudia Torrent-Farías
- Departamento de Ciencias Del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Chile, Casilla 442, Correo 2, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Mascayano-Collado
- Departamento de Ciencias Del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Chile, Casilla 442, Correo 2, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alejandro Urzúa-Moll
- Departamento de Ciencias Del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Chile, Casilla 442, Correo 2, Santiago, Chile
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Freedman C, Tran A, Tourdot BE, Kalyanaraman C, Perry S, Holinstat M, Jacobson MP, Holman TR. Biosynthesis of the Maresin Intermediate, 13S,14S-Epoxy-DHA, by Human 15-Lipoxygenase and 12-Lipoxygenase and Its Regulation through Negative Allosteric Modulators. Biochemistry 2020; 59:1832-1844. [PMID: 32324389 PMCID: PMC7729281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase-1 (h15-LOX-1 or ALOX15) and platelet 12-lipoxygenase (h12-LOX or ALOX12) catalysis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the maresin precursor, 14S-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (14S-HpDHA), were investigated to determine their product profiles and relative rates in the biosynthesis of the key maresin intermediate, 13S,14S-epoxy-4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (13S,14S-epoxy-DHA). Both enzymes converted DHA to 14S-HpDHA, with h12-LOX having a 39-fold greater kcat/KM value (14.0 ± 0.8 s-1 μM-1) than that of h15-LOX-1 (0.36 ± 0.08 s-1 μM-1) and a 1.8-fold greater 14S-HpDHA product selectivity, 81 and 46%, respectively. However, h12-LOX was markedly less effective at producing 13S,14S-epoxy-DHA from 14S-HpDHA than h15-LOX-1, with a 4.6-fold smaller kcat/KM value, 0.0024 ± 0.0002 and 0.11 ± 0.006 s-1 μM-1, respectively. This is the first evidence of h15-LOX-1 to catalyze this reaction and reveals a novel in vitro pathway for maresin biosynthesis. In addition, epoxidation of 14S-HpDHA is negatively regulated through allosteric oxylipin binding to h15-LOX-1 and h12-LOX. For h15-LOX-1, 14S-HpDHA (Kd = 6.0 μM), 12S-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE) (Kd = 3.5 μM), and 14S-hydroxy-7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-docosapentaenoic acid (14S-HDPAω-3) (Kd = 4.0 μM) were shown to decrease 13S,14S-epoxy-DHA production. h12-LOX was also shown to be allosterically regulated by 14S-HpDHA (Kd = 3.5 μM) and 14S-HDPAω-3 (Kd = 4.0 μM); however, 12S-HETE showed no effect, indicating for the first time an allosteric response by h12-LOX. Finally, 14S-HpDHA inhibited platelet aggregation at a submicrololar concentration, which may have implications in the benefits of diets rich in DHA. These in vitro biosynthetic pathways may help guide in vivo maresin biosynthetic investigations and possibly direct therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Freedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Adrianne Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Benjamin E Tourdot
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Steve Perry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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10
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Hiesinger K, Wagner KM, Hammock BD, Proschak E, Hwang SH. Development of multitarget agents possessing soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitory activity. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 140:31-39. [PMID: 30593866 PMCID: PMC6345559 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades polypharmacology has emerged as a new paradigm in drug discovery, even though developing drugs with high potency and selectivity toward a single biological target is still a major strategy. Often, targeting only a single enzyme or receptor shows lack of efficacy. High levels of inhibitor of a single target also can lead to adverse side effects. A second target may offer additive or synergistic effects to affecting the first target thereby reducing on- and off-target side effects. Therefore, drugs that inhibit multiple targets may offer a great potential for increased efficacy and reduced the adverse effects. In this review we summarize recent findings of rationally designed multitarget compounds that are aimed to improve efficacy and safety profiles compared to those that target a single enzyme or receptor. We focus on dual inhibitors/modulators that target the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) as a common part of their design to take advantage of the beneficial effects of sEH inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Hiesinger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60439, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karen M Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60439, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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11
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Doucet MS, Jougleux JL, Poirier SJ, Cormier M, Léger JL, Surette ME, Pichaud N, Touaibia M, Boudreau LH. Identification of Peracetylated Quercetin as a Selective 12-Lipoxygenase Pathway Inhibitor in Human Platelets. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 95:139-150. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.113480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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12
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New antibacterial and 5-lipoxygenase activities of synthetic benzyl phenyl ketones: Biological and docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2018; 82:385-392. [PMID: 30428417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated twelve benzyl phenyl ketone derivatives which are synthetic precursors of isoflavonoids that are shown be good 5-hLOX inhibitors, especially those that have the catechol group, but these precursors never have been assayed as 5-hLOX inhibitors being a novelty as inhibitors of the enzyme, due to sharing important structural characteristics. Screening assays, half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and kinetic assays of all the studied molecules (5 µg/ml in media assay) showed that 1-(2,4-dihydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-ethanone (K205; IC50 = 3.5 µM; Ki = 4.8 µM) and 1-(2,4-dihydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)-ethanone (K206; IC50 = 2.3 µM; Ki = 0.7 µM) were potent, selective, competitive and nonredox inhibitors of 5-hLOX. Antioxidant behavior was also assayed by DPPH, FRAP, and assessing ROS production, and those with antibacterial and antiproliferative properties relating to 1-(2,4-dihydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-ethanone (K208) established it as the most interesting and relevant compound studied, as it showed nearly 100% inhibition of bacterial growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Finally, docking studies were done that helped to characterize how the inhibitor structures correlated to decreased 5-hLOX activity.
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Offenbacher AR, Iavarone AT, Klinman JP. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange reveals long-range dynamical allostery in soybean lipoxygenase. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:1138-1148. [PMID: 29191828 PMCID: PMC5787793 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.817197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In lipoxygenases, the topologically conserved C-terminal domain catalyzes the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, generating an assortment of biologically relevant signaling mediators. Plant and animal lipoxygenases also contain a 100-150-amino acid N-terminal C2-like domain that has been implicated in interactions with isolated fatty acids and at the phospholipid bilayer. These interactions may lead to increased substrate availability and contribute to the regulation of active-site catalysis. Because of a lack of structural information, a molecular understanding of this lipid-protein interaction remains unresolved. Herein, we employed hydrogen-deuterium exchange MS (HDXMS) to spatially resolve changes in protein conformation upon interaction of soybean lipoxygenase with a fatty acid surrogate, oleyl sulfate (OS), previously shown to act at a site separate from the substrate-binding site. Specific, OS-induced conformational changes are detected both at the N-terminal domain and within the substrate portal nearly 30 Å away. Combining previously measured kinetic properties in the presence of OS with its impact on the Kd for linoleic acid substrate binding, we conclude that OS binding brings about an increase in rate constants for both the ingress and egress of substrate. We discuss the role of OS-induced changes in protein flexibility in the context of changes in the mechanism of substrate acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Offenbacher
- From the Department of Chemistry, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), and
| | - Anthony T Iavarone
- From the Department of Chemistry, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), and
| | - Judith P Klinman
- From the Department of Chemistry, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), and
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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Discovery two potent and new inhibitors of 15-lipoxygenase: (E)-3-((3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene) amino)-7-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one and (E)-O-(4-(((7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) imino)methine) phenyl)dimethylcarbamothioate. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1968-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Svouraki A, Garscha U, Kouloura E, Pace S, Pergola C, Krauth V, Rossi A, Sautebin L, Halabalaki M, Werz O, Gaboriaud-Kolar N, Skaltsounis AL. Evaluation of Dual 5-Lipoxygenase/Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase-1 Inhibitory Effect of Natural and Synthetic Acronychia-Type Isoprenylated Acetophenones. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:699-706. [PMID: 28240894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the pathways responsible for the development of inflammatory responses, the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways are among the most important ones. Two key enzymes, namely, 5-LO and mPGES-1, are involved in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and prostaglandins, respectively, which are considered attractive therapeutic targets, so their dual inhibition might be an effective strategy to control inflammatory deregulation. Several natural products have been identified as 5-LO inhibitors, with some also being dual 5-LO/mPGES-1 inhibitors. Here, some prenylated acetophenone dimers from Acronychia pedunculata have been identified for their dual inhibitory potency toward 5-LO and mPGES-1. To gain insight into the SAR of this family of natural products, the synthesis and biological evaluation of analogues are presented. The results show the ability of the natural and synthetic molecules to potently inhibit 5-LO and mPEGS-1 in vitro. The potency of the most active compound (10) has been evaluated in vivo in an acute inflammatory mouse model and displayed potent anti-inflammatory activity comparable in potency to the drug zileuton used as a positive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Svouraki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou , GR-15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Ulrike Garscha
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University , 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Eirini Kouloura
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou , GR-15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Simona Pace
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University , 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Carlo Pergola
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University , 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Verena Krauth
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University , 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Antonietta Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
| | - Lidia Sautebin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou , GR-15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University , 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gaboriaud-Kolar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou , GR-15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou , GR-15771, Athens, Greece
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16
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Kuhn H, Banthiya S, van Leyen K. Mammalian lipoxygenases and their biological relevance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:308-30. [PMID: 25316652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) form a heterogeneous class of lipid peroxidizing enzymes, which have been implicated not only in cell proliferation and differentiation but also in the pathogenesis of various diseases with major public health relevance. As other fatty acid dioxygenases LOXs oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids to their corresponding hydroperoxy derivatives, which are further transformed to bioactive lipid mediators (eicosanoids and related substances). On the other hand, lipoxygenases are key players in the regulation of the cellular redox homeostasis, which is an important element in gene expression regulation. Although the first mammalian lipoxygenases were discovered 40 years ago and although the enzymes have been well characterized with respect to their structural and functional properties the biological roles of the different lipoxygenase isoforms are not completely understood. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge on the physiological roles of different mammalian LOX-isoforms and their patho-physiological function in inflammatory, metabolic, hyperproliferative, neurodegenerative and infectious disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin - Charite, Chariteplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Swathi Banthiya
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin - Charite, Chariteplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus van Leyen
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts Genrel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Ng CH, Rullah K, Aluwi MFFM, Abas F, Lam KW, Ismail IS, Narayanaswamy R, Jamaludin F, Shaari K. Synthesis and docking studies of 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-geranylacetophenone analogs as potential lipoxygenase inhibitor. Molecules 2014; 19:11645-59. [PMID: 25100256 PMCID: PMC6271415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190811645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural product molecule 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-geranyl-acetophenone (tHGA) isolated from the medicinal plant Melicope ptelefolia was shown to exhibit potent lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory activity. It is known that LOX plays an important role in inflammatory response as it catalyzes the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid to form hydroperoxides. The search for selective LOX inhibitors may provide new therapeutic approach for inflammatory diseases. Herein, we report the synthesis of tHGA analogs using simple Friedel-Craft acylation and alkylation reactions with the aim of obtaining a better insight into the structure-activity relationships of the compounds. All the synthesized analogs showed potent soybean 15-LOX inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 10.31–27.61 μM) where compound 3e was two-fold more active than tHGA. Molecular docking was then applied to reveal the important binding interactions of compound 3e in soybean 15-LOX binding site. The findings suggest that the presence of longer acyl bearing aliphatic chain (5Cs) and aromatic groups could significantly affect the enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chean Hui Ng
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Kamal Rullah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Kok Wai Lam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Radhakrishnan Narayanaswamy
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
| | | | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
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Ivanov I, Heydeck D, Hofheinz K, Roffeis J, O'Donnell VB, Kuhn H, Walther M. Molecular enzymology of lipoxygenases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 503:161-74. [PMID: 20801095 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are lipid peroxidizing enzymes, implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and hyperproliferative diseases, which represent potential targets for pharmacological intervention. Although soybean LOX1 was discovered more than 60years ago, the structural biology of these enzymes was not studied until the mid 1990s. In 1993 the first crystal structure for a plant LOX was solved and following this protein biochemistry and molecular enzymology became major fields in LOX research. This review focuses on recent developments in molecular enzymology of LOXs and summarizes our current understanding of the structural basis of LOX catalysis. Various hypotheses explaining the reaction specificity of different isoforms are critically reviewed and their pros and cons briefly discussed. Moreover, we summarize the current knowledge of LOX evolution by profiling the existence of LOX-related genomic sequences in the three kingdoms of life. Such sequences are found in eukaryotes and bacteria but not in archaea. Although the biological role of LOXs in lower organisms is far from clear, sequence data suggests that this enzyme family might have evolved shortly after the appearance of atmospheric oxygen on earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Ivanov
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin - Charité, Germany
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