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Özmen ÜÖ, Tüzün B, Ayan EB, Çevrimli BS. Eco-friendly and potential colin esterase enzyme inhibitor agent sulfonyl hydrazone series: Synthesis, Bioactivity Screening, DFT, ADME Properties, and Molecular Docking Study. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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Bilen E, Özdemir Özmen Ü, Çete S, Alyar S, Yaşar A. Bioactive sulfonyl hydrazones with alkyl derivative: Characterization, ADME properties, molecular docking studies and investigation of inhibition on choline esterase enzymes for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 360:109956. [PMID: 35452634 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, new sulfonylhydrazone compounds with alkyl derivatives (SH1- SH4 series) were synthesized via a green chemistry method, and their inhibition effects on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE, BChE) were determined in vitro. This work was designed in two stages; in the first stage, using compounds that contain both sulfonamide and hydrazine groups which have important pharmacological properties, a series of sulfonyl hydrazone with alkyl derivatives (SH1- SH4) were synthesized with a method that is less time-consuming and more environmentalist that was by using different substitute groups containing aldehyde and ketone compounds. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR methods. In the second stage, the effects of the synthesized sulfonyl hydrazones with alkyl derivatives on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes were examined. According to the results, all the synthesized compounds inhibited AChE and BChE enzymes. When the IC50 values were compared, SH2-3 (IC50 = 5.27 ± 0.05 μM) and SH3-3 (IC50 = 12.29 ± 1.47 μM) compounds which are containing the butyl group have the best inhibition effect on the AChE enzyme and BChE enzyme, respectively. In addition, the predictive properties of all compounds in terms of drug similarity were scanned using five Lipinski rules and ADME estimations. In silico ADME studies play an important role in improving and predicting drug compounds. In the ADME study; The absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and properties of the molecules given below were theoretically calculated. Also, to evaluate the binding interactions between the sulfonylhydrazone compounds and enzymes, molecular docking studies were performed and the compounds with the best inhibition effect SH2-3 (for AChE enzyme) and SH3-3 (for BChE enzyme) were tested. Both in vitro and silico the results showed that two compounds could act as potent inhibitors of AChE, BChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Bilen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ümmühan Özdemir Özmen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Servet Çete
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saliha Alyar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karatekin University, 18100, Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yaşar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
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Fabiani C, Antollini SS. Alzheimer's Disease as a Membrane Disorder: Spatial Cross-Talk Among Beta-Amyloid Peptides, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Lipid Rafts. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:309. [PMID: 31379503 PMCID: PMC6657435 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes show lateral and transverse asymmetric lipid distribution. Cholesterol (Chol) localizes in both hemilayers, but in the external one it is mostly condensed in lipid-ordered microdomains (raft domains), together with saturated phosphatidyl lipids and sphingolipids (including sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipids). Membrane asymmetries induce special membrane biophysical properties and behave as signals for several physiological and/or pathological processes. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with a perturbation in different membrane properties. Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein together with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are the most characteristic cellular changes observed in this disease. The extracellular presence of Aβ peptides forming senile plaques, together with soluble oligomeric species of Aβ, are considered the major cause of the synaptic dysfunction of AD. The association between Aβ peptide and membrane lipids has been extensively studied. It has been postulated that Chol content and Chol distribution condition Aβ production and posterior accumulation in membranes and, hence, cell dysfunction. Several lines of evidence suggest that Aβ partitions in the cell membrane accumulate mostly in raft domains, the site where the cleavage of the precursor AβPP by β- and γ- secretase is also thought to occur. The main consequence of the pathogenesis of AD is the disruption of the cholinergic pathways in the cerebral cortex and in the basal forebrain. In parallel, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor has been extensively linked to membrane properties. Since its transmembrane domain exhibits extensive contacts with the surrounding lipids, the acetylcholine receptor function is conditioned by its lipid microenvironment. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is present in high-density clusters in the cell membrane where it localizes mainly in lipid-ordered domains. Perturbations of sphingomyelin or cholesterol composition alter acetylcholine receptor location. Therefore, Aβ processing, Aβ partitioning, and acetylcholine receptor location and function can be manipulated by changes in membrane lipid biophysics. Understanding these mechanisms should provide insights into new therapeutic strategies for prevention and/or treatment of AD. Here, we discuss the implications of lipid-protein interactions at the cell membrane level in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fabiani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca CONICET-UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Silvia S Antollini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca CONICET-UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Ganeshpurkar A, Swetha R, Kumar D, Gangaram GP, Singh R, Gutti G, Jana S, Kumar D, Kumar A, Singh SK. Protein-Protein Interactions and Aggregation Inhibitors in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:501-533. [PMID: 30836921 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190304153353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a multifaceted disorder, involves complex pathophysiology and plethora of protein-protein interactions. Thus such interactions can be exploited to develop anti-AD drugs. OBJECTIVE The interaction of dynamin-related protein 1, cellular prion protein, phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A and Mint 2 with amyloid β, etc., studied recently, may have critical role in progression of the disease. Our objective has been to review such studies and their implications in design and development of drugs against the Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Such studies have been reviewed and critically assessed. RESULTS Review has led to show how such studies are useful to develop anti-AD drugs. CONCLUSION There are several PPIs which are current topics of research including Drp1, Aβ interactions with various targets including PrPC, Fyn kinase, NMDAR and mGluR5 and interaction of Mint2 with PDZ domain, etc., and thus have potential role in neurodegeneration and AD. Finally, the multi-targeted approach in AD may be fruitful and opens a new vista for identification and targeting of PPIs in various cellular pathways to find a cure for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Ganeshpurkar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rayala Swetha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gore P Gangaram
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ravi Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gopichand Gutti
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Srabanti Jana
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sushil K Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
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Fluorine walk: The impact of fluorine in quinolone amides on their activity against African sleeping sickness. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:377-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Evaluation of 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole derived hydrazones as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: in vitro assays, molecular docking and theoretical ADMET prediction. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Hecht N, Terveer N, Schollmayer C, Holzgrabe U, Meinel L. Opening NADPH oxidase inhibitors for in vivo translation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 115:206-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ranade DS, Shravage BV, Kumbhar AA, Sonawane UB, Jani VP, Joshi RR, Kulkarni PP. Thiosemicarbazone Moiety Assist in Interaction of Planar Aromatic Molecules with Amyloid Beta Peptide and Acetylcholinesterase. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dnyanesh S. Ranade
- Bioprospecting group Agharkar Research Institute, Pune G. G. Agarkar Road Pune-411004 India
| | - Bhupendra V. Shravage
- Development Biology group Agharkar Research Institute, Pune G. G. Agarkar Road Pune-411004 India
| | - Anupa A. Kumbhar
- Department of Chemistry Savitribai Phule Pune University Ganeshkhind Road Pune-411007 India
| | - Uddhavesh B. Sonawane
- Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C–DAC) Savitribai Phule University of Pune Campus Pune-411007 India
| | - Vinod P. Jani
- Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C–DAC) Savitribai Phule University of Pune Campus Pune-411007 India
| | - Rajendra R. Joshi
- Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C–DAC) Savitribai Phule University of Pune Campus Pune-411007 India
| | - Prasad P. Kulkarni
- Bioprospecting group Agharkar Research Institute, Pune G. G. Agarkar Road Pune-411004 India
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Messerer R, Dallanoce C, Matera C, Wehle S, Flammini L, Chirinda B, Bock A, Irmen M, Tränkle C, Barocelli E, Decker M, Sotriffer C, De Amici M, Holzgrabe U. Novel bipharmacophoric inhibitors of the cholinesterases with affinity to the muscarinic receptors M 1 and M 2. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1346-1359. [PMID: 30108847 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00149e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A set of hybrid compounds composed of the fragment of allosteric modulators of the muscarinic receptor, i.e. W84 and naphmethonium, and the well-known AChE inhibitor tacrine on the one hand, and the skeletons of the orthosteric muscarinic agonists, iperoxo and isox, on the other hand, were synthesized. The two molecular moieties were connected via a polymethylene linker of varying length. These bipharmacophoric compounds were investigated for inhibition of AChE (from electric eel) and BChE (from equine serum) as well as human ChEs in vitro and compared to previously synthesized dimeric inhibitors. Among the studied hybrids, compound 10-C10, characterized by a 10 carbon alkylene linker connecting tacrine and iperoxo, proved to be the most potent inhibitor with the highest pIC50 values of 9.81 (AChE from electric eel) and 8.75 (BChE from equine serum). Docking experiments with compounds 10-C10, 7b-C10, and 7a-C10 helped to interpret the experimental inhibitory power against AChE, which is affected by the nature of the allosteric molecular moiety, with the tacrine-containing hybrid being much more active than the naphthalimido- and phthalimido-containing analogs. Furthermore, the most active AChE inhibitors were found to have affinity to M1 and M2 muscarinic receptors. Since 10-C10 showed almost no cytotoxicity, it emerged as a promising lead structure for the development of an anti-Alzheimer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Messerer
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 931 31 85460
| | - Clelia Dallanoce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi" , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Carlo Matera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi" , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Sarah Wehle
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 931 31 85460
| | - Lisa Flammini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Brian Chirinda
- Pharmacology and Toxicology , Institute of Pharmacy , University of Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 3 , 53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Andreas Bock
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Würzburg , Versbacher Strasse 9 , 97078 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Matthias Irmen
- Pharmacology and Toxicology , Institute of Pharmacy , University of Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 3 , 53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Christian Tränkle
- Pharmacology and Toxicology , Institute of Pharmacy , University of Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 3 , 53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Elisabetta Barocelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 931 31 85460
| | - Christoph Sotriffer
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 931 31 85460
| | - Marco De Amici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi" , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 931 31 85460
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Teimuri-Mofrad R, Nikbakht R, Gholamhosseini-Nazari M. A convenient and efficient method for the synthesis of new 2-(4-amino substituted benzilidine) indanone derivatives. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Piperazine Containing Hydrazone Derivatives. J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/5878410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some hydrazone derivatives were synthesized and their potential anticholinesterase activities were examined. A series of eleven new compounds of N′-(2,4-disubstitutedbenzylidene)-2-(4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)acetohydrazide derivatives were obtained via reaction of 2-[4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]acetohydrazide with aromatic aldehydes. The chemical structures of the compounds were enlightened by FT-IR,1H-NMR,13C-NMR, and HRMS (ESI) spectral data. The inhibition potency of the compounds3a–kagainst AChE and BuChE was measured and evaluated using a modification of Ellman’s spectrophotometric method. Among the tested compounds, compound3cwas assigned to be the most active derivative. Galantamine was used as a standard drug.
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Bajda M, Filipek S. Study of early stages of amyloid Aβ13-23 formation using molecular dynamics simulation in implicit environments. Comput Biol Chem 2015; 56:13-8. [PMID: 25749181 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
β-amyloid aggregation and formation of senile plaques is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It leads to degeneration of neurons and decline of cognitive functions. The most aggregative and toxic form of β-amyloid is Aβ1-42 but in experiments, the shorter forms able to form aggregates are also used. The early stages of amyloid formation are of special interest due to the influence of this peptide on progression of AD. Here, we employed nine helices of undecapeptide Aβ13-23 and studied progress of amyloid formation using 500ns molecular dynamics simulation and implicit membrane environment. The small β-sheets emerged very early during simulation as separated two-strand structures and a presence of the membrane facilitated this process. Later, the larger β-sheets were formed. However, the ninth helix which did not form paired structure stayed unchanged till the end of MD simulation. Paired helix-helix interactions seemed to be a driving force of β-sheet formation at early stages of amyloid formation. Contrary, the specific interactions between α-helix and β-sheet can be very stable and be stabilized by the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Bajda
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Slawomir Filipek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Scozzafava A, Kalın P, Supuran CT, Gülçin İ, Alwasel SH. The impact of hydroquinone on acetylcholine esterase and certain human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (hCA I, II, IX, and XII). J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 30:941-6. [PMID: 25586344 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2014.999236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are widespread and the most studied members of a great family of metalloenzymes in higher vertebrates including humans. CAs were investigated for their inhibition of all of the catalytically active mammalian isozymes of the Zn(2+)-containing CA, (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). On the other hand, acetylcholinesterase (AChE. EC 3.1.1.7), a serine protease, is responsible for ACh hydrolysis and plays a fundamental role in impulse transmission by terminating the action of the neurotransmitter ACh at the cholinergic synapses and neuromuscular junction. In the present study, the inhibition effect of the hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) on AChE activity was evaluated and effectively inhibited AChE with Ki of 1.22 nM. Also, hydroquinone strongly inhibited some human cytosolic CA isoenzymes (hCA I and II) and tumour-associated transmembrane isoforms (hCA IX, and XII), with Kis in the range between micromolar (415.81 μM) and nanomolar (706.79 nM). The best inhibition was observed in cytosolic CA II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scozzafava
- a Dipartimento di Chimica Ugo Schiff , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze) , Italy
| | - Pınar Kalın
- b Chemistry Department, Science Faculty , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- a Dipartimento di Chimica Ugo Schiff , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze) , Italy .,c Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) , Italy , and
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- b Chemistry Department, Science Faculty , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey .,d Department of Zoology, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh-Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- d Department of Zoology, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh-Saudi Arabia
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Guzior N, Wieckowska A, Panek D, Malawska B. Recent development of multifunctional agents as potential drug candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Med Chem 2015; 22:373-404. [PMID: 25386820 PMCID: PMC4435057 DOI: 10.2174/0929867321666141106122628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The available therapy is limited to the symptomatic treatment and its efficacy remains unsatisfactory. In view of the prevalence and expected increase in the incidence of AD, the development of an effective therapy is crucial for public health. Due to the multifactorial aetiology of this disease, the multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) approach is a promising method in search for new drugs for AD. This review updates information on the development of multifunctional potential anti-AD agents published within the last three years. The majority of the recently reported structures are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, often endowed with some additional properties. These properties enrich the pharmacological profile of the compounds giving hope for not only symptomatic but also causal treatment of the disease. Among these advantageous properties, the most often reported are an amyloid-β antiaggregation activity, inhibition of β-secretase and monoamine oxidase, an antioxidant and metal chelating activity, NOreleasing ability and interaction with cannabinoid, NMDA or histamine H3 receptors. The majority of novel molecules possess heterodimeric structures, able to interact with multiple targets by combining different pharmacophores, original or derived from natural products or existing therapeutics (tacrine, donepezil, galantamine, memantine). Among the described compounds, several seem to be promising drug candidates, while others may serve as a valuable inspiration in the search for new effective therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Barbara Malawska
- Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, 30-688 Krakow, Medyczna 9, Poland.
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Kucharska E, Hanuza J, Lorenc J. Conformation of azo-bridge in 3,3'-dinitro-2,2'-azobipyridine and its 4,4'(or 5,5' or 6,6')-dimethyl-derivatives: vibrational studies and DFT quantum chemical calculations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 127:370-380. [PMID: 24632432 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Syntheses of 3,3'-dinitro-2,2'-azobipyridine and 4,4' (or 5,5' or 6,6')-dimethyl-3,3'-dinitro-2,2'-azobipyridine have been described. Molecular structures of these compounds have been determined and compared, to the basic compound, azobipyridine, reported by us earlier. The conformation of the azo-bond and other structural data are discussed in terms of substitution place of methyl chromophore. Fourier transform IR and Raman spectra of these compounds have been measured and analysed. The 6-311G (2d,2p) basis set with the B3LYP functional have been used to discuss the space conformation and dynamics of the studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kucharska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Wrocław University of Economics, 118/120 Komandorska, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - J Hanuza
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Wrocław University of Economics, 118/120 Komandorska, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland; Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland
| | - J Lorenc
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Wrocław University of Economics, 118/120 Komandorska, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland
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Chen X, Wehle S, Kuzmanovic N, Merget B, Holzgrabe U, König B, Sotriffer CA, Decker M. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with photoswitchable inhibition of β-amyloid aggregation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:377-89. [PMID: 24628027 DOI: 10.1021/cn500016p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Photochromic cholinesterase inhibitors were obtained from cis-1,2-α-dithienylethene-based compounds by incorporating one or two aminopolymethylene tacrine groups. All target compounds are potent acetyl- (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors in the nanomolar concentration range. Compound 11b bearing an octylene linker exhibited interactions with both the catalytic active site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE. Yet upon irradiation with light, the mechanism of interaction varied from one photochromic form to another, which was investigated by kinetic studies and proved "photoswitchable". The AChE-induced β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation assay gave further experimental support to this finding: Aβ1-40 aggregation catalyzed by the PAS of AChE might be inhibited by compound 11b in a concentration-dependent manner and seems to occur only with one photochromic form. Computational docking studies provided potential binding modes of the compound. Docking studies and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for the ring-open and -closed form indicate a difference in binding. Although both forms can interact with the PAS, more stable interactions are observed for the ring-open form based upon stabilization of a water molecule network within the enzyme, whereas the ring-closed form lacks the required conformational flexibility for an analogous binding mode. The photoswitchable inhibitor identified might serve as valuable molecular tool to investigate the different biological properties of AChE as well as its role in pathogenesis of AD in in vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chen
- Institut
für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Wehle
- Institut
für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Merget
- Institut
für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institut
für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph A. Sotriffer
- Institut
für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Institut
für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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17
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18
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Synthesis, biological activity and molecular modeling studies on 1H-benzimidazole derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4928-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Prinz M, Parlar S, Bayraktar G, Alptüzün V, Erciyas E, Fallarero A, Karlsson D, Vuorela P, Burek M, Förster C, Turunc E, Armagan G, Yalcin A, Schiller C, Leuner K, Krug M, Sotriffer CA, Holzgrabe U. 1,4-Substituted 4-(1H)-pyridylene-hydrazone-type inhibitors of AChE, BuChE, and amyloid-β aggregation crossing the blood–brain barrier. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:603-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Sinha SK, Shrivastava SK. Synthesis, evaluation and molecular dynamics study of some new 4-aminopyridine semicarbazones as an antiamnesic and cognition enhancing agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5451-60. [PMID: 23810675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Some new semicarbazones of 4-aminopyridine were synthesized and evaluated for antiamnesic, cognition enhancing and anticholinesterase activities. The results illustrated a significant cognition enhancing effect on elevated plus maze model with a significant reversal of scopolamine-induced amnesia. A significant inhibition in acetycholinesterase (AChE) activity by all the synthesized compounds in specific brain regions that is, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus was observed. Compound 4APi exhibited significant antiamnesic and cognition enhancing activity which was comparable with standard drug donepezil. Its enzyme kinetic study revealed a non-competitive inhibition of AChE and a competitive inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Docking studies predicted the binding modes of these compounds in AChE active site, which were further processed for molecular dynamics simulation for calculating binding free energies using Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA). All the computational study confirmed their consensual interaction with AChE justifying the experimental outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh K Sinha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P. 221005, India
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21
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Török B, Sood A, Bag S, Tulsan R, Ghosh S, Borkin D, Kennedy AR, Melanson M, Madden R, Zhou W, Levine H, Török M. Diaryl hydrazones as multifunctional inhibitors of amyloid self-assembly. Biochemistry 2013; 52:1137-48. [PMID: 23346953 DOI: 10.1021/bi3012059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The design and application of an effective, new class of multifunctional small molecule inhibitors of amyloid self-assembly are described. Several compounds based on the diaryl hydrazone scaffold were designed. Forty-four substituted derivatives of this core structure were synthesized using a variety of benzaldehydes and phenylhydrazines and characterized. The inhibitor candidates were evaluated in multiple assays, including the inhibition of amyloid β (Aβ) fibrillogenesis and oligomer formation and the reverse processes, the disassembly of preformed fibrils and oligomers. Because the structure of the hydrazone-based inhibitors mimics the redox features of the antioxidant resveratrol, the radical scavenging effect of the compounds was evaluated by colorimetric assays against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and superoxide radicals. The hydrazone scaffold was active in all of the different assays. The structure-activity relationship revealed that the substituents on the aromatic rings had a considerable effect on the overall activity of the compounds. The inhibitors showed strong activity in fibrillogenesis inhibition and disassembly, and even greater potency in the inhibition of oligomer formation and oligomer disassembly. Supporting the quantitative fluorometric and colorimetric assays, size exclusion chromatographic studies indicated that the best compounds practically eliminated or substantially inhibited the formation of soluble, aggregated Aβ species, as well. Atomic force microscopy was also applied to monitor the morphology of Aβ deposits. The compounds also possessed the predicted antioxidant properties; approximately 30% of the synthesized compounds showed a radical scavenging effect equal to or better than that of resveratrol or ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Török
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125-3393, USA
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22
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Alptuzun V, Cakiroglu G, Limoncu ME, Erac B, Hosgor-Limoncu M, Erciyas E. Synthesis and antileishmanial activity of novel pyridinium-hydrazone derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:960-7. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.697058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vildan Alptuzun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University,
Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gokcer Cakiroglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University,
Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - M. Emin Limoncu
- Vocational School of Health Services, Celal Bayar University,
Manisa, Turkey
| | - Bayri Erac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University,
Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mine Hosgor-Limoncu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University,
Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ercin Erciyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University,
Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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23
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Hicks DA, Nalivaeva NN, Turner AJ. Lipid rafts and Alzheimer's disease: protein-lipid interactions and perturbation of signaling. Front Physiol 2012; 3:189. [PMID: 22737128 PMCID: PMC3381238 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are membrane domains, more ordered than the bulk membrane and enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids. They represent a platform for protein-lipid and protein–protein interactions and for cellular signaling events. In addition to their normal functions, including membrane trafficking, ligand binding (including viruses), axonal development and maintenance of synaptic integrity, rafts have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Lipid rafts promote interaction of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) with the secretase (BACE-1) responsible for generation of the amyloid β peptide, Aβ. Rafts also regulate cholinergic signaling as well as acetylcholinesterase and Aβ interaction. In addition, such major lipid raft components as cholesterol and GM1 ganglioside have been directly implicated in pathogenesis of the disease. Perturbation of lipid raft integrity can also affect various signaling pathways leading to cellular death and AD. In this review, we discuss modulation of APP cleavage by lipid rafts and their components, while also looking at more recent findings on the role of lipid rafts in signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hicks
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds Leeds, UK
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24
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Polyoxometalates as potent inhibitors for acetyl and butyrylcholinesterases and as potential drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Ignasik M, Bajda M, Guzior N, Prinz M, Holzgrabe U, Malawska B. Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel 2-(aminoalkyl)-isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives as dual-binding site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2012; 345:509-16. [PMID: 22467516 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201100423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 2-(diethylaminoalkyl)-isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives intended as dual binding site cholinesterase inhibitors were designed using molecular modeling and evaluated as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and the formation of the β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques. For AChE inhibitory activity, the spectrophotometric method of Ellman and the electrophoretically mediated microanalysis assay were used, giving good results. Most of the synthesized compounds had AChE inhibitory activity with IC(50) values ranging from IC(50) = 0.9 to 19.5 µM and weak Aβ anti-aggregation inhibitory activity. These results support the outcome of docking studies which tested compounds targeting both the catalytic active site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE. The most promising selective AChE inhibitors are compounds 10 (IC(50) = 1.2 µM) and 11 (IC(50) = 1.1 µM), with 6-7 methylene chains, which also inhibit Aβ fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Ignasik
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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26
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Hiltensperger G, Jones NG, Niedermeier S, Stich A, Kaiser M, Jung J, Puhl S, Damme A, Braunschweig H, Meinel L, Engstler M, Holzgrabe U. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of new quinolone-type molecules against Trypanosoma brucei. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2538-48. [PMID: 22376072 DOI: 10.1021/jm101439s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness is caused by two subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei , Trypanosoma brucei gambiense , and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and is one of Africa's old plagues. It causes a huge number of infections and cases of death per year because, apart from limited access to health services, only inefficient chemotherapy is available. Since it was reported that quinolones such as ciprofloxacin show antitrypanosomal activity, a novel quinolone-type library was synthesized and tested. The biological evaluation illustrated that 4-quinolones with a benzylamide function in position 3 and cyclic or acyclic amines in position 7 exhibit high antitrypanosomal activity. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) are established to identify essential structural elements. This analysis led to lead structure 29, which exhibits promising in vitro activity against T. b. brucei (IC(50) = 47 nM) and T. b. rhodesiense (IC(50) = 9 nM) combined with low cytotoxicity against macrophages J774.1. Screening for morphological changes of trypanosomes treated with compounds 19 and 29 suggested differences in the morphology of mitochondria of treated cells compared to those of untreated cells. Segregation of the kinetoplast is hampered in trypanosomes treated with these compounds; however, topoisomerase II is probably not the main drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hiltensperger
- Institut für Pharmazie and Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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27
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Karlsson D, Fallarero A, Brunhofer G, Guzik P, Prinz M, Holzgrabe U, Erker T, Vuorela P. Identification and characterization of diarylimidazoles as hybrid inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase and amyloid beta fibril formation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 45:169-83. [PMID: 22108346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, a chemical collection of aromatic compounds was screened for inhibition on butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)'s hydrolase activity using Ellman's reaction. A set of diarylimidazoles was identified as highly selective inhibitors of BChE hydrolase activity and amyloid β (Aβ) fibril formation. New derivatives were synthesized resulting in several additional hits, from which the most active was 6c, 4-(3-ethylthiophenyl)-2-(3-thienyl)-1H-imidazole, an uncompetitive inhibitor of BChE hydrolase activity (IC₅₀ BChE=0.10 μM; K(i)=0.073 ± 0.011 μM) acting also on Aβ fibril formation (IC₅₀=5.8 μM). With the aid of structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, chemical motifs influencing the BChE inhibitory activity of these imidazoles were proposed. These bifunctional inhibitors represent good tools in basic studies of BChE and/or promising lead molecules for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Karlsson
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, BioCity, Artillerigatan 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
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28
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Proença C, Serralheiro ML, Araújo ME, Pamplona T, Santos S, Santos MS, Frazão F. Novel sulfenamides as promising acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Heterocycl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Aydın A, Akkurt M, Alptüzün V, Büyükgüngör O, Holzgrabe U, Radacki K. 4-[(2E)-2-(4-Chloro-benzyl-idene)hydrazinyl-idene]-1-methyl-1,4-dihydro-pyridine monohydrate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o1324-5. [PMID: 21579416 PMCID: PMC2979526 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810015709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C(13)H(12)ClN(3)·H(2)O, the organic mol-ecule is almost planar, with a dihedral angle of 3.22 (10)° between the benzene and pyridine rings. The crystal structure is stabilized by O-H⋯N and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distances = 3.630 (1) and 3.701 (1) Å].
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