1
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Bedini A, Boutin JA, Legros C, Zlotos DP, Spadoni G. Industrial and academic approaches to the search for alternative melatonin receptor ligands: An historical survey. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12953. [PMID: 38682544 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The search for melatonin receptor agonists formed the main part of melatonin medicinal chemistry programs for the last three decades. In this short review, we summarize the two main aspects of these programs: the development of all the necessary tools to characterize the newly synthesized ligands at the two melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, and the medicinal chemist's approaches to find chemically diverse ligands at these receptors. Both strategies are described. It turns out that the main source of tools were industrial laboratories, while the medicinal chemistry was mainly carried out in academia. Such complete accounts are interesting, as they delineate the spirits in which the teams were working demonstrating their strength and innovative character. Most of the programs were focused on nonselective agonists and few of them reached the market. In contrast, discovery of MT1-selective agonists and melatonergic antagonists with proven in vivo activity and MT1 or MT2-selectivity is still in its infancy, despite the considerable interest that subtype selective compounds may bring in the domain, as the physiological respective roles of the two subtypes of melatonin receptors, is still poorly understood. Poly-pharmacology applications and multitarget ligands have also been considered.
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MESH Headings
- Ligands
- Humans
- Animals
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Melatonin/metabolism
- Receptors, Melatonin/agonists
- Melatonin/metabolism
- History, 20th Century
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalida Bedini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication (NorDiC), Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, NorDiC, Rouen, France
| | | | - Darius P Zlotos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Egypt
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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2
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Elisi GM, Scalvini L, Lodola A, Bedini A, Spadoni G, Rivara S. In silico drug discovery of melatonin receptor ligands with therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:343-354. [PMID: 35255751 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2043846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neurohormone melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) regulates circadian rhythms exerting a variety of effects in the central nervous system and in periphery. These activities are mainly mediated by activation of MT1 and MT2 GPCRs. MT1/MT2 agonist compounds are used clinically for insomnia, depression, and circadian rhythm disturbances. AREA COVERED The following review describes the design strategies that have led to the identification of melatonin receptor ligands, guided by in silico approaches and molecular modeling. Initial ligand-based design, mainly relying on pharmacophore modeling and 3D-QSAR, has been flanked by structure-based virtual screening, given the recent availability of MT1 and MT2 crystal structures. Receptor ligands with different activity profiles, agonist/antagonist and subtype-selective compounds, are available. EXPERT OPINION An insight on the pharmacological characterization and therapeutic perspectives for relevant ligands is provided. In silico drug discovery has been instrumental in the design of novel ligands targeting melatonin receptors. Ligand-based approaches has led to the construction of a solid framework defining structure-activity relationships to obtain compounds with a tailored pharmacological profile. Structure-based techniques could integrate previous knowledge and provide compounds with novel chemotypes and pharmacological activity as drug candidates for disease conditions in which melatonin receptor ligands are currently being investigated, including cancer and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco Elisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Scalvini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Annalida Bedini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
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3
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Elisi GM, Scalvini L, Lodola A, Mor M, Rivara S. Free-Energy Simulations Support a Lipophilic Binding Route for Melatonin Receptors. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 62:210-222. [PMID: 34932329 PMCID: PMC8757440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
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The effects of the
neurohormone melatonin are mediated by the activation
of the GPCRs MT1 and MT2 in a variety of tissues.
Crystal structures suggest ligand access to the orthosteric binding
site of MT1 and MT2 receptors through a lateral
channel between transmembrane (TM) helices IV and V. We investigated
the feasibility of this lipophilic entry route for 2-iodomelatonin,
a nonselective agonist with a slower dissociation rate from the MT2 receptor, applying enhanced sampling simulations and free-energy
calculations. 2-Iodomelatonin unbinding was investigated with steered
molecular dynamics simulations which revealed different trajectories
passing through the gap between TM helices IV and V for both receptors.
For one of these unbinding trajectories from the MT1 receptor,
an umbrella-sampling protocol with path-collective variables provided
a calculated energy barrier consistent with the experimental dissociation
rate. The side-chain flexibility of Tyr5.38 was significantly different
in the two receptor subtypes, as assessed by metadynamics simulations,
and during ligand unbinding it frequently assumes an open conformation
in the MT1 but not in the MT2 receptor, favoring
2-iodomelatonin egress. Taken together, our simulations are consistent
with the possibility that the gap between TM IV and V is a way of
connecting the orthosteric binding site and the membrane core for
lipophilic melatonin receptor ligands. Our simulations also suggest
that the open state of Tyr5.38 generates a small pocket on the surface
of MT1 receptor, which could participate in the recognition
of MT1-selective ligands and may be exploited in the design
of new selective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco Elisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Scalvini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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4
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Boutin JA, Witt-Enderby PA, Sotriffer C, Zlotos DP. Melatonin receptor ligands: A pharmaco-chemical perspective. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12672. [PMID: 32531076 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptor ligands have been vigorously explored for the last 4 decades. Inspection of approximately 80 publications in the field revealed that most melatonergic ligands were structural analogues of melatonin combining three essential features of the parent compound: an aromatic ring bearing a methoxy group and an amide side chain in a relative arrangement similar to that present in melatonin. While several series of MT2 -selective agents-agonists, antagonists, or partial agonists-were reported, the field was lacking MT1 -selective agents. Herein, we describe various approaches toward the development of melatonergic ligands, keeping in mind that most of the molecules/pharmacophores obtained were essentially melatonin copies, even though diverse tri- or tetra-cyclic compounds were explored. In addition to lack of structural diversity, only few studies examined the activity of the reported melatonergic ligands in vivo. Moreover, an extensive pharmacological characterization including biopharmaceutical stability, pharmacokinetic properties, specificity toward other major receptors to name a few remained scarce. For example, many of the antagonists described were not stable in vivo, were not selective for the melatonin receptor subtype of interest, and were not fully characterized from a pharmacological standpoint. Indeed, virtual screening of large compound libraries has led to the recent discovery of potent and selective melatonin receptor agonists and partial agonists of new chemotypes. Having said this, the melatonergic field is still lacking subtype-selective melatonin receptor antagonists "active" in vivo, which are critical to our understanding of melatonin and melatonin receptors' role in basic physiology and disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Ligands
- Melatonin/chemistry
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/chemistry
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Boutin
- Institut de Recherches Internationales SERVIER, Suresnes, France
| | - Paula A Witt-Enderby
- School of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburg, PA, USA
| | - Christoph Sotriffer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Darius P Zlotos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Egypt
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5
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Melatonin MT1 receptor as a novel target in neuropsychopharmacology: MT1 ligands, pathophysiological and therapeutic implications, and perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:343-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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Jockers R, Delagrange P, Dubocovich ML, Markus RP, Renault N, Tosini G, Cecon E, Zlotos DP. Update on melatonin receptors: IUPHAR Review 20. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2702-25. [PMID: 27314810 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin receptors are seven transmembrane-spanning proteins belonging to the GPCR superfamily. In mammals, two melatonin receptor subtypes exist - MT1 and MT2 - encoded by the MTNR1A and MTNR1B genes respectively. The current review provides an update on melatonin receptors by the corresponding subcommittee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. We will highlight recent developments of melatonin receptor ligands, including radioligands, and give an update on the latest phenotyping results of melatonin receptor knockout mice. The current status and perspectives of the structure of melatonin receptor will be summarized. The physiological importance of melatonin receptor dimers and biologically important and type 2 diabetes-associated genetic variants of melatonin receptors will be discussed. The role of melatonin receptors in physiology and disease will be further exemplified by their functions in the immune system and the CNS. Finally, antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties of melatonin and its relation to melatonin receptors will be critically addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Jockers
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Margarita L Dubocovich
- Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, USA
| | - Regina P Markus
- Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gianluca Tosini
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erika Cecon
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Darius P Zlotos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Viault G, Poupart S, Mourlevat S, Lagaraine C, Devavry S, Lefoulon F, Bozon V, Dufourny L, Delagrange P, Guillaumet G, Suzenet F. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of fluorescent ligands for MT1 and/or MT2 melatonin receptors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10812a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent melatoninergic ligands have been designed by associating the 4-azamelatonin ligands with different fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Viault
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique
- Université d’Orléans
- UMR CNRS 7311
- 45067 Orléans Cedex 2
- France
| | - S. Poupart
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique
- Université d’Orléans
- UMR CNRS 7311
- 45067 Orléans Cedex 2
- France
| | | | | | | | | | - V. Bozon
- PRC
- INRA
- CNRS
- IFCE
- Université de Tours
| | | | - P. Delagrange
- Institut de Recherche Servier
- Sciences Expérimentales
- 78290 Croissy
- France
| | - G. Guillaumet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique
- Université d’Orléans
- UMR CNRS 7311
- 45067 Orléans Cedex 2
- France
| | - F. Suzenet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique
- Université d’Orléans
- UMR CNRS 7311
- 45067 Orléans Cedex 2
- France
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8
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Zlotos DP, Riad NM, Osman MB, Dodda BR, Witt-Enderby PA. Novel difluoroacetamide analogues of agomelatine and melatonin: probing the melatonin receptors for MT1selectivity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00190k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The difluoroacetamide analogue of the standard MT1-selective ligand, the dimeric (CH2)3-linked agomelatine, shows higher affinity and selectivity toward MT1receptors than the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius P. Zlotos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- The German University in Cairo
- New Cairo City
- Egypt
| | - Noura M. Riad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- The German University in Cairo
- New Cairo City
- Egypt
| | - Mai B. Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- The German University in Cairo
- New Cairo City
- Egypt
| | - Bala R. Dodda
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- School of Pharmacy
- Duquesne University
- 421 Mellon Hall
- Pittsburgh
| | - Paula A. Witt-Enderby
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- School of Pharmacy
- Duquesne University
- 421 Mellon Hall
- Pittsburgh
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9
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Synthesis and characterization of new bivalent agents as melatonin- and histamine H3-ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16114-33. [PMID: 25222552 PMCID: PMC4200786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is an endogenous molecule involved in many pathophysiological processes. In addition to the control of circadian rhythms, its antioxidant and neuroprotective properties have been widely described. Thus far, different bivalent compounds composed by a melatonin molecule linked to another neuroprotective agent were synthesized and tested for their ability to block neurodegenerative processes in vitro and in vivo. To identify a novel class of potential neuroprotective compounds, we prepared a series of bivalent ligands, in which a prototypic melatonergic ligand is connected to an imidazole-based H3 receptor antagonist through a flexible linker. Four imidazolyl-alkyloxy-anilinoethylamide derivatives, characterized by linkers of different length, were synthesized and their binding affinity for human MT1, MT2 and H3 receptor subtypes was evaluated. Among the tested compounds, 14c and 14d, bearing a pentyl and a hexyl linker, respectively, were able to bind to all receptor subtypes at micromolar concentrations and represent the first bivalent melatonergic/histaminergic ligands reported so far. These preliminary results, based on binding affinity evaluation, pave the way for the future development of new dual-acting compounds targeting both melatonin and histamine receptors, which could represent promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative pathologies.
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10
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Zlotos DP, Jockers R, Cecon E, Rivara S, Witt-Enderby PA. MT1 and MT2 Melatonin Receptors: Ligands, Models, Oligomers, and Therapeutic Potential. J Med Chem 2013; 57:3161-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401343c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darius. P. Zlotos
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Inserm, U1016,
Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR
8104, Paris, France
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Erika Cecon
- Department
of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area
delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Paula A. Witt-Enderby
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 421 Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
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11
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Legros C, Matthey U, Grelak T, Pedragona-Moreau S, Hassler W, Yous S, Thomas E, Suzenet F, Folleas B, Lefoulon F, Berthelot P, Caignard DH, Guillaumet G, Delagrange P, Brayer JL, Nosjean O, Boutin JA. New radioligands for describing the molecular pharmacology of MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8948-62. [PMID: 23698757 PMCID: PMC3676766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14058948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin receptors have been studied for several decades. The low expression of the receptors in tissues led the scientific community to find a substitute for the natural hormone melatonin, the agonist 2-[125I]-iodomelatonin. Using the agonist, several hundreds of studies were conducted, including the discovery of agonists and antagonists for the receptors and minute details about their molecular behavior. Recently, we attempted to expand the panel of radioligands available for studying the melatonin receptors by using the newly discovered compounds SD6, DIV880, and S70254. These compounds were characterized for their affinities to the hMT1 and hMT2 recombinant receptors and their functionality in the classical GTPS system. SD6 is a full agonist, equilibrated between the receptor isoforms, whereas S70254 and DIV880 are only partial MT2 agonists, with Ki in the low nanomolar range while they have no affinity to MT1 receptors. These new tools will hopefully allow for additions to the current body of information on the native localization of the receptor isoforms in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Legros
- BPMC, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 125 chemin de Ronde, Croissy-sur-Seine 78290, France; E-Mails: (C.L.); (O.N.)
| | - Ulrich Matthey
- Celerion Switzerland AG Allmendstrasse 32, Fehraltorf CH-8320, Switzerland; E-Mails: (U.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Teresa Grelak
- Celerion Switzerland AG Allmendstrasse 32, Fehraltorf CH-8320, Switzerland; E-Mails: (U.M.); (T.G.)
| | | | - Werner Hassler
- ANAWA Trading SA, Unterdorfstrasse 21, Wangen CH-8602, Switzerland; E-Mail:
| | - Saïd Yous
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France & UDSL, EA GRIIOT, UFR Pharmacie, Lille F-59000, France; E-Mail: (S.Y.); (P.B.)
| | - Emmanuel Thomas
- DIVERCHIM, 6 Rue du Noyer, Roissy 95700, France; E-Mails: (E.T.); (B.F.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Franck Suzenet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, UMR CNRS 7311, Université d’Orléans, rue de Chartres, Orléans 45067, France; E-Mails: (F.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Benoît Folleas
- DIVERCHIM, 6 Rue du Noyer, Roissy 95700, France; E-Mails: (E.T.); (B.F.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - François Lefoulon
- Technologie SERVIER, 27 rue Vignat, Orléans 45000, France; E-Mails: (S.P.-M.); (F.L.)
| | - Pascal Berthelot
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France & UDSL, EA GRIIOT, UFR Pharmacie, Lille F-59000, France; E-Mail: (S.Y.); (P.B.)
| | - Daniel-Henri Caignard
- Unité de Recherches et Découvertes en Neurosciences, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 125 chemin de Ronde, Croissy-sur-Seine 78290, France; E-Mails: (D.-H.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, UMR CNRS 7311, Université d’Orléans, rue de Chartres, Orléans 45067, France; E-Mails: (F.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Philippe Delagrange
- Unité de Recherches et Découvertes en Neurosciences, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 125 chemin de Ronde, Croissy-sur-Seine 78290, France; E-Mails: (D.-H.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Jean-Louis Brayer
- DIVERCHIM, 6 Rue du Noyer, Roissy 95700, France; E-Mails: (E.T.); (B.F.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Olivier Nosjean
- BPMC, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 125 chemin de Ronde, Croissy-sur-Seine 78290, France; E-Mails: (C.L.); (O.N.)
| | - Jean A. Boutin
- BPMC, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 125 chemin de Ronde, Croissy-sur-Seine 78290, France; E-Mails: (C.L.); (O.N.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +33-0155-722-748; Fax: +33-0155-722-810
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12
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Morellato L, Lefas-Le Gall M, Langlois M, Caignard DH, Renard P, Delagrange P, Mathé-Allainmat M. Synthesis of new N-(arylcyclopropyl)acetamides and N-(arylvinyl)acetamides as conformationally-restricted ligands for melatonin receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:430-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Novel conformationally constrained analogues of agomelatine as new melatoninergic ligands. Molecules 2012; 18:154-66. [PMID: 23262445 PMCID: PMC6269769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel conformationally restricted analogues of agomelatine were synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated at MT1 and MT2 melatoninergic receptors. Replacement of the N-acetyl side chain of agomelatine by oxathiadiazole-2-oxide (compound 3), oxadiazole-5(4H)-one (compound 4), tetrazole (compound 5), oxazolidinone (compound 7a), pyrrolidinone (compound 7b), imidazolidinedione (compound 12), thiazole (compounds 13 and 14) and isoxazole moieties (compound 15) led to a decrease of the melatoninergic binding affinities, particularly at MT1. Compounds 7a and 7b exhibiting nanomolar affinity towards the MT2 receptors subtypes have shown the most interesting pharmacological results of this series with the appearance of a weak MT2-selectivity.
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14
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Rivara S, Pala D, Lodola A, Mor M, Lucini V, Dugnani S, Scaglione F, Bedini A, Lucarini S, Tarzia G, Spadoni G. MT1-Selective Melatonin Receptor Ligands: Synthesis, Pharmacological Evaluation, and Molecular Dynamics Investigation ofN-{[(3-O-Substituted)anilino]alkyl}amides. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1954-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Spadoni G, Bedini A, Rivara S, Mor M. Melatonin receptor agonists: new options for insomnia and depression treatment. CNS Neurosci Ther 2012; 17:733-41. [PMID: 21554566 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian nature of melatonin (MLT) secretion, coupled with the localization of MLT receptors to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, has led to numerous studies of the role of MLT in modulation of the sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythms in humans. Although much more needs to be understood about the various functions exerted by MLT and its mechanisms of action, three therapeutic agents (ramelteon, prolonged-release MLT, and agomelatine) are already in use, and MLT receptor agonists are now appearing as new promising treatment options for sleep and circadian-rhythm related disorders. In this review, emphasis has been placed on medicinal chemistry strategies leading to MLT receptor agonists, and on the evidence supporting therapeutic efficacy of compounds undergoing clinical evaluation. A wide range of clinical trials demonstrated that ramelteon, prolonged-release MLT and tasimelteon have sleep-promoting effects, providing an important treatment option for insomnia and transient insomnia, even if the improvements of sleep maintenance appear moderate. Well-documented effects of agomelatine suggest that this MLT agonist offers an attractive alternative for the treatment of depression, combining efficacy with a favorable side effect profile. Despite a large number of high affinity nonselective MLT receptor agonists, only limited data on MT₁ or MT₂ subtype-selective compounds are available up to now. Administration of the MT₂-selective agonist IIK7 to rats has proved to decrease NREM sleep onset latency, suggesting that MT₂ receptor subtype is involved in the acute sleep-promoting action of MLT; rigorous clinical studies are needed to demonstrate this hypothesis. Further clinical candidates based on selective activation of MT₁ or MT₂ receptors are expected in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU), Italy.
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Markl C, Clafshenkel WP, Attia MI, Sethi S, Witt-Enderby PA, Zlotos DP. N-Acetyl-5-arylalkoxytryptamine Analogs: Probing the Melatonin Receptors for MT1-Selectivity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 344:666-74. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Spadoni G, Bedini A, Orlando P, Lucarini S, Tarzia G, Mor M, Rivara S, Lucini V, Pannacci M, Scaglione F. Bivalent ligand approach on N-{2-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]ethyl}acetamide: Synthesis, binding affinity and intrinsic activity for MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4910-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Heckman D, Attia MI, Behnam MAM, Mohsen AMY, Markl C, Julius J, Sethi S, Witt-Enderby PA, Zlotos DP. 2-[(1,3-Dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]melatonin – a novel MT2-selective melatonin receptor antagonist. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00149c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Mor M, Rivara S, Pala D, Bedini A, Spadoni G, Tarzia G. Recent advances in the development of melatonin MT1and MT2receptor agonists. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:1059-77. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2010.496455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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