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Sales ZS, Mani N, Herrmann AT. Practical syntheses of DOTAGA-DBCO and DFO-DBCO, strained alkyne pre-cursors to radioimmunoconjugates for targeted alpha therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 73:117010. [PMID: 36126444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We describe practical methods to prepare DOTAGA-DBCO and DFO-DBCO from commercially available starting materials. DOTAGA-DBCO is available in five steps from cyclen with a 33 % overall yield at gram scale. Our synthesis of DFO-DBCO also proceeds in five steps from commercially available starting materials. These bifunctional molecules possess chelating functionality for the binding of medically important radiometals and a strained alkyne suitable for Huisgen cyclization with an azide. These syntheses represent an important step toward improved radioimmunoconjugates for imaging and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Sales
- Janssen Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States.
| | - Neelakandha Mani
- Janssen Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Aaron T Herrmann
- Janssen Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
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2
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Hruby M, Martínez IIS, Stephan H, Pouckova P, Benes J, Stepanek P. Chelators for Treatment of Iron and Copper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3969. [PMID: 34833268 PMCID: PMC8618197 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron and copper are essential micronutrients needed for the proper function of every cell. However, in excessive amounts, these elements are toxic, as they may cause oxidative stress, resulting in damage to the liver and other organs. This may happen due to poisoning, as a side effect of thalassemia infusion therapy or due to hereditary diseases hemochromatosis or Wilson's disease. The current golden standard of therapy of iron and copper overload is the use of low-molecular-weight chelators of these elements. However, these agents suffer from severe side effects, are often expensive and possess unfavorable pharmacokinetics, thus limiting the usability of such therapy. The emerging concepts are polymer-supported iron- and copper-chelating therapeutics, either for parenteral or oral use, which shows vivid potential to keep the therapeutic efficacy of low-molecular-weight agents, while avoiding their drawbacks, especially their side effects. Critical evaluation of this new perspective polymer approach is the purpose of this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hruby
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Heyrovského Náměstí 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Irma Ivette Santana Martínez
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (I.I.S.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (I.I.S.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Pavla Pouckova
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Salmovska 1, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Jiri Benes
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Salmovska 1, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Petr Stepanek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Heyrovského Náměstí 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic;
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3
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Singh A, Kumari S. Synthesis of Triazine based Dendrimers: A Mini-Review. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x18666211111105308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
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Synthesizing s-triazine dendrimers are interesting as they can be synthesized easily, contain diversity in composition, and have a basic potential for molecular recognition. Triazine trichloride is the molecule of choice for synthesizing a novel class of dendrimers as it possesses certain remarkable characteristics like the potential to expand the chemical functionality by nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions at various temperatures to give the desired dendrimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Singh
- Department of Chemistry, S.S. Jain Subodh P.G.( Autonomous) College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sukhbeer Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, S.S. Jain Subodh P.G.( Autonomous) College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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4
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Two Decades of Triazine Dendrimers. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164774. [PMID: 34443361 PMCID: PMC8401192 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For two decades, methods for the synthesis and characterization of dendrimers based on [1,3,5]-triazine have been advanced by the group. Motivated by the desire to generate structural complexity on the periphery, initial efforts focused on convergent syntheses, which yielded pure materials to generation three. To obtain larger generations of dendrimers, divergent strategies were pursued using iterative reactions of monomers, sequential additions of triazine and diamines, and ultimately, macromonomers. Strategies for the incorporation of bioactive molecules using non-covalent and covalent strategies have been explored. These bioactive materials included small molecule drugs, peptides, and genetic material. In some cases, these constructs were examined in both in vitro and in vivo models with a focus on targeting prostate tumor subtypes with paclitaxel conjugates. In the materials realm, the use of triazine dendrimers anchored on solid surfaces including smectite clay, silica, mesoporous alumina, polystyrene, and others was explored for the separation of volatile organics from gas streams or the sequestration of atrazine from solution. The combination of these organics with metal nanoparticles has been probed. The goal of this review is to summarize these efforts.
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Codd R, Richardson-Sanchez T, Telfer TJ, Gotsbacher MP. Advances in the Chemical Biology of Desferrioxamine B. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:11-25. [PMID: 29182270 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Desferrioxamine B (DFOB) was discovered in the late 1950s as a hydroxamic acid metabolite of the soil bacterium Streptomyces pilosus. The exquisite affinity of DFOB for Fe(III) identified its potential for removing excess iron from patients with transfusion-dependent hemoglobin disorders. Many studies have used semisynthetic chemistry to produce DFOB adducts with new properties and broad-ranging functions. More recent approaches in chemical biology have revealed some nuances of DFOB biosynthesis and discovered new DFOB-derived drugs and radiometal imaging agents. The current and potential applications of DFOB continue to inspire a rich body of chemical biology research focused on this bacterial metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Codd
- School of Medical Sciences
(Pharmacology), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Tomas Richardson-Sanchez
- School of Medical Sciences
(Pharmacology), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Thomas J. Telfer
- School of Medical Sciences
(Pharmacology), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Michael P. Gotsbacher
- School of Medical Sciences
(Pharmacology), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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6
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Dzhardimalieva GI, Uflyand IE. Synthetic methodologies and spatial organization of metal chelate dendrimers and star and hyperbranched polymers. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:10139-10176. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01916e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic methodologies, physico-chemical peculiarities, properties, and structure of metal chelate dendrimers and star and hyperbranched polymers are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzhian I. Dzhardimalieva
- Laboratory of Metallopolymers
- The Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS
- Chernogolovka
- 142432 Russian Federation
| | - Igor E. Uflyand
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern Federal University
- Rostov-on-Don
- 344006 Russian Federation
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7
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Li J, Yu F, Chen Y, Oupický D. Polymeric drugs: Advances in the development of pharmacologically active polymers. J Control Release 2015; 219:369-382. [PMID: 26410809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers play a critical role in pharmaceutical discovery and development. Current research and applications of pharmaceutical polymers are mainly focused on their functions as excipients and inert carriers of other pharmacologically active agents. This review article surveys recent advances in alternative pharmaceutical use of polymers as pharmacologically active agents known as polymeric drugs. Emphasis is placed on the benefits of polymeric drugs that are associated with their macromolecular character and their ability to explore biologically relevant multivalency processes. We discuss the main therapeutic uses of polymeric drugs as sequestrants, antimicrobials, antivirals, and anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Fei Yu
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yi Chen
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Popa F, Lameiras P, Moldovan O, Tomoaia-Cotisel M, Henon E, Martinez A, Sacalis C, Mocanu A, Ramondenc Y, Darabantu M. Design, synthesis and structure of new dendritic melamines. First use of a tandem C-2-substituted serinol—O,O-masked 4-piperidone as a peripheral unit in iterative synthesis. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lim J, Simanek EE. Triazine dendrimers as drug delivery systems: from synthesis to therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:826-35. [PMID: 22465784 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of triazine dendrimers as drug delivery systems benefits from their synthetic versatility and well-defined structure. Triazine dendrimers can be designed and readily synthesized to display orthogonally functional surfaces that facilitate post-synthetic manipulation such as attachment of drug, PEGylation, and/or the installation of ligands or reporting groups. The synthesis is scalable, and large generations can be accessed. To date, triazine dendrimers have been probed for a variety of medicinal applications including drug delivery with an emphasis on cancer, nonviral DNA and RNA delivery systems, in sensing applications, and as bioactive materials. Specifically, triazine adducts with paclitaxel, camptothecin, brefeldin A, and desferrioxamine have been prepared and assessed. Paclitaxel constructs show promising activity in vivo. The use of these materials in fluorescence-based glucose sensors is being pursued. Glycosylated triazine dendrimers interfere with signal transduction in the Toll-4 receptor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongdoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
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Lifa T, Ejje N, Codd R. Coordinate-bond-dependent solid-phase organic synthesis of biotinylated desferrioxamine B: a new route for metal-specific probes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:2003-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17170h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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New pharmaceutical applications for macromolecular binders. J Control Release 2011; 155:200-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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