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Yakkala PA, Penumallu NR, Shafi S, Kamal A. Prospects of Topoisomerase Inhibitors as Promising Anti-Cancer Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1456. [PMID: 37895927 PMCID: PMC10609717 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerases are very important enzymes that regulate DNA topology and are vital for biological actions like DNA replication, transcription, and repair. The emergence and spread of cancer has been intimately associated with topoisomerase dysregulation. Topoisomerase inhibitors have consequently become potential anti-cancer medications because of their ability to obstruct the normal function of these enzymes, which leads to DNA damage and subsequently causes cell death. This review emphasizes the importance of topoisomerase inhibitors as marketed, clinical and preclinical anti-cancer medications. In the present review, various types of topoisomerase inhibitors and their mechanisms of action have been discussed. Topoisomerase I inhibitors, which include irinotecan and topotecan, are agents that interact with the DNA-topoisomerase I complex and avert resealing of the DNA. The accretion of DNA breaks leads to the inhibition of DNA replication and cell death. On the other hand, topoisomerase II inhibitors like etoposide and teniposide, function by cleaving the DNA-topoisomerase II complex thereby effectively impeding the release of double-strand DNA breaks. Moreover, the recent advances in exploring the therapeutic efficacy, toxicity, and MDR (multidrug resistance) issues of new topoisomerase inhibitors have been reviewed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Anjaneyulu Yakkala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Naveen Reddy Penumallu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Syed Shafi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Dist. Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, India
- Telangana State Council of Science & Technology, Environment, Forests, Science & Technology Department, Hyderabad 500004, India
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2
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Chemistry and Biological Activities of Naturally Occurring and Structurally Modified Podophyllotoxins. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010302. [PMID: 36615496 PMCID: PMC9822336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants containing podophyllotoxin and its analogues have been used as folk medicines for centuries. The characteristic chemical structures and strong biological activities of this class of compounds attracted attention worldwide. Currently, more than ninety natural podophyllotoxins were isolated, and structure modifications of these molecules were performed to afford a variety of derivatives, which offered optimized anti-tumor activity. This review summarized up to date reports on natural occurring podophyllotoxins and their sources, structural modification and biological activities. Special attention was paid to both structural modification and optimized antitumor activity. It was noteworthy that etoposide, a derivative of podophyllotoxin, could prevent cytokine storm caused by the recent SARS-CoV-2 viral infection.
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3
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Cotton H, Bäckström B, Fritzson I, Lehmann F, Monemi T, Oltner V, Sölver E, Wahlström N, Wennerberg J. Development of a Safe Process for Manufacturing of the Potent Anticancer Agent Melflufen Hydrochloride. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Cotton
- Magle Chemoswed, Agneslundsvägen 27, SE, 212 15 Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Ingela Fritzson
- Magle Chemoswed, Agneslundsvägen 27, SE, 212 15 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Lehmann
- Recipharm OT Chemistry, Virdings Allé 32 B, 754 50 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Taraneh Monemi
- Magle Chemoswed, Agneslundsvägen 27, SE, 212 15 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Viveca Oltner
- Magle Chemoswed, Agneslundsvägen 27, SE, 212 15 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ellen Sölver
- Magle Chemoswed, Agneslundsvägen 27, SE, 212 15 Malmö, Sweden
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4
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Liang X, Wu Q, Luan S, Yin Z, He C, Yin L, Zou Y, Yuan Z, Li L, Song X, He M, Lv C, Zhang W. A comprehensive review of topoisomerase inhibitors as anticancer agents in the past decade. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:129-168. [PMID: 30917303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The topoisomerase enzymes play an important role in DNA metabolism, and searching for enzyme inhibitors is an important target in the search for new anticancer drugs. Discovery of new anticancer chemotherapeutical capable of inhibiting topoisomerase enzymes is highlighted in anticancer research. Therefore, biologists, organic chemists and medicinal chemists all around the world have been identifying, designing, synthesizing and evaluating a variety of novel bioactive molecules targeting topoisomerase. This review summarizes types of topoisomerase inhibitors in the past decade, and divides them into nine classes by structural characteristics, including N-heterocycles compounds, quinone derivatives, flavonoids derivatives, coumarin derivatives, lignan derivatives, polyphenol derivatives, diterpenes derivatives, fatty acids derivatives, and metal complexes. Then we discussed the application prospect and development of these anticancer compounds, as well as concluded parts of their structural-activity relationships. We believe this review would be invaluable in helping to further search potential topoisomerase inhibition as antitumor agent in clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Shangxian Luan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Yuan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Min He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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5
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Hou W, Zhang G, Luo Z, Su L, Xu H. Click chemistry‐based synthesis and cytotoxic activity evaluation of 4α‐triazole acetate podophyllotoxin derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 93:473-483. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceInstitute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology (IDD & CB)Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Guanjun Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceTianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Shanghai Evergene Biotech Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Lin Su
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceInstitute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology (IDD & CB)Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech University Shanghai China
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6
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Choy PY, Chung KH, Yang Q, So CM, Sun RWY, Kwong FY. A General Palladium-Phosphine Complex To Explore Aryl Tosylates in the N-Arylation of Amines: Scope and Limitations. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2465-2474. [PMID: 29742319 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The scope and limitations of the monoselective N-arylation of various amines by using aryl and hetaryl tosylates are presented. The air-stable and easily accessible Pd(OAc)2 /CM-phos {CM-phos=2-[2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)phenyl]-1-methyl-1H-indole}catalyst system was able to deal with a wide range of aryl tosylate substrates as well as amine nucleophiles, including primary and secondary cyclic/acyclic aliphatic amines and anilines. NH-Bearing heterocycles such as indole, carbazole, pyrrole, 10-phenothiazine, and 10-phenoxazine were shown to be feasible coupling partners under this catalytic system. The described reaction conditions tolerate a wide range of functional groups and allow an array of aromatic amines as well as unsymmetrical amine products to be easily accessed from the various phenolic derivatives. Interestingly, this catalyst system even offers the opportunity to perform the reaction in water medium. We also report the intermolecular coupling of optically active α-central chiral amines with aryl tosylates without erosion of the enantiomeric purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Ying Choy
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute (SZRI), Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kin Ho Chung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qingjing Yang
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute (SZRI), Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Chau Ming So
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute (SZRI), Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Raymond Wai-Yin Sun
- Guangzhou Lee & Man Technology Company Limited, 8 Huanshi Avenue South, Nansha, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fuk Yee Kwong
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute (SZRI), Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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7
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Zhang X, Rakesh KP, Shantharam CS, Manukumar HM, Asiri AM, Marwani HM, Qin HL. Podophyllotoxin derivatives as an excellent anticancer aspirant for future chemotherapy: A key current imminent needs. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:340-355. [PMID: 29269253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading groups of threatened caused by abnormal state cell growth and second leading diseases involved in the major global death. To treat this, research looking for promising anticancer drugs from natural resource, or synthesized novel molecules by diverse group of scientists worldwide. Currently, drugs get into clinical practices and showing side effects with target actions which in turn leading to multidrug resistance unknowingly. Podophyllotoxin, a naturally occurring lignan and with hybrids have become one of the most attractive subjects due to their broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. Podophyllotoxin derivatives have been the centre of attention of extensive chemical amendment and pharmacological investigation in modern decades. Mainly, the innovation of the semi-synthetic anticancer drugs etoposide and teniposide has stimulated prolonged research interest in this structural phenotype. The present review focuses mainly onnew anticancer drugs from podophyllotoxin analogs, mechanism of action and their structure-activity relationships (SAR) as potential anticancer candidates for future discovery of suitable drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430073, PR China
| | - K P Rakesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430073, PR China.
| | - C S Shantharam
- Department of Chemistry, Pooja Bhagavath Memorial Mahajana Education Centre, Mysuru 570016, Karnataka, India
| | - H M Manukumar
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - A M Asiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - H M Marwani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430073, PR China.
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8
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Yu X, Che Z, Xu H. Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Biology of Podophyllotoxins. Chemistry 2017; 23:4467-4526. [PMID: 27726183 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin and its related aryltetralin cyclolignans belong to a family of important products that exhibit various biological properties (e.g., cytotoxic, insecticidal, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, neurotoxic, immunosuppressive, antirheumatic, antioxidative, antispasmogenic, and hypolipidemic activities). This Review provides a survey of podophyllotoxin and its analogues isolated from plants. In particular, recent developments in the elegant total chemical synthesis, structural modifications, biosynthesis, and biotransformation of podophyllotoxin and its analogues are summarized. Moreover, a deoxypodophyllotoxin-based chemosensor for selective detection of mercury ion is described. In addition to the most active podophyllotoxin derivatives in each series against human cancer cell lines and insect pests listed in the tables, the structure-activity relationships of podophyllotoxin derivatives as cytotoxic and insecticidal agents are also outlined. Future prospects and further developments in this area are covered at the end of the Review. We believe that this Review will provide necessary information for synthetic, medicinal, and pesticidal chemistry researchers who are interested in the chemistry and biology of podophyllotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Che
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
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9
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Advances in the Chemistry of Natural and Semisynthetic Topoisomerase I/II Inhibitors. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63929-5.00002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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10
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Zhou M, Li J, Li C, Guo L, Wang X, He Q, Fu Y, Zhang Z. Tertiary amine mediated targeted therapy against metastatic lung cancer. J Control Release 2016; 241:81-93. [PMID: 27639682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, two tertiary amine-derived 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin (DMEP) conjugates (DC and DP) have been designed and synthesized using N,N,N'-trimethyl-N'-(4-carboxyl benzyl)-1,3-propanediamine (CPDM) and 4-(4-methylpiperazinomethyl)benzoic acid (PBA) as the targeting ligands. Both DC and DP exhibited strong in vitro cytotoxicity against small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Cellular uptake efficiencies of DC and DP in human alveolar type II epithelial cells were significantly enhanced compared to DMEP and etoposide (VP-16), which were demonstrated to be concentration-, time- and energy-dependent. The active transport process of DC and DP might be mediated by organic cation transporters (OCTs). After systemic administration in mice, both DC and DP selectively accumulated in the lung, displaying the highest Cmax and AUC0-t values of all tested tissues. Compared with DMEP and VP-16, DC and DP remarkably reduced the lung weight and the number of lung metastases of B16 melanoma in mice, and further prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Also, DC and DP exhibited comparable levels of cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, DC and DP demonstrated minimum toxicity towards vital organs and reduced gastrointestinal injury compared to DMEP and VP-16. Taken together, tertiary amine-derived moieties such as CPDM and PBA represent an efficient yet safe strategy to achieve lung-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Cheng WH, Shang H, Niu C, Zhang ZH, Zhang LM, Chen H, Zou ZM. Synthesis and Evaluation of New Podophyllotoxin Derivatives with in Vitro Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2015; 20:12266-79. [PMID: 26154885 PMCID: PMC6332074 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200712266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel podophyllotoxin derivatives were designed and synthesized. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were tested against three tumor cell lines (HeLa, K562, and K562/A02). Most of the derivatives (IC50 = 1-20 μM) were found to have stronger cell growth inhibitory activity than positive control etoposide. Among them, 4β-N-[(E)-(5-((4-(4-nitrophenyl)-piperazin-1-yl)methyl)furan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-amine]-4-desoxy-podophyllotoxin (9l) demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against HeLa, K562, and K562/A02 cell lines with IC50 values of 7.93, 6.42, 6.89 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Cheng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hai Shang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Cong Niu
- Pharmacognosy Division, Medical College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China.
| | - Zhong-Heng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Pharmacognosy Division, Medical College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Zhong-Mei Zou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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12
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Paidakula S, Kankala S, Kankala RK, Juluru B, Jonnalagadda SB, Lee CH, Vadde R, Vasam CS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4β-benzoxazolepodophyllotoxin hybrids as DNA topoisomerase-II targeting anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15366b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new 4β-benzoxazolepodophyllotoxin compounds (9a–j) were prepared and screened for molecular modelling and cytotoxicity against various human tumour cell lines. Cell apoptosis evaluation was performed using Hoechst staining.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shravankumar Kankala
- Department of Chemistry
- Kakatiya University
- Warangal
- India
- School of Physics and Chemistry
| | - Ranjith kumar Kankala
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology
- National Dong Hwa University
- Hualien
- Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chia-Hung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology
- National Dong Hwa University
- Hualien
- Taiwan
| | | | - Chandra Sekhar Vasam
- Department of Chemistry
- Satavahana University
- India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Telangana University
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13
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Liu YQ, Tian J, Qian K, Zhao XB, Morris-Natschke SL, Yang L, Nan X, Tian X, Lee KH. Recent progress on C-4-modified podophyllotoxin analogs as potent antitumor agents. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:1-62. [PMID: 24827545 PMCID: PMC4337794 DOI: 10.1002/med.21319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PPT), as well as its congeners and derivatives, exhibits pronounced biological activities, especially antineoplastic effects. Its strong inhibitory effect on tumor cell growth led to the development of three of the most highly prescribed anticancer drugs in the world, etoposide, teniposide, and the water-soluble prodrug etoposide phosphate. Their clinical success as well as intriguing mechanism of action stimulated great interest in further modification of PPT for better antitumor activity. The C-4 position has been a major target for structural derivatization aimed at either producing more potent compounds or overcoming drug resistance. Accordingly, numerous PPT derivatives have been prepared via hemisynthesis and important structure-activity relationship (SAR) correlations have been identified. Several resulting compounds, including GL-331, TOP-53, and NK611, reached clinical trials. Some excellent reviews on the distribution, sources, applications, synthesis, and SAR of PPT have been published. This review focuses on a second generation of new etoposide-related drugs and provides detailed coverage of the current status and recent development of C-4-modified PPT analogs as anticancer clinical trial candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Keduo Qian
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Liu Yang
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering School, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Nan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Investigation of podophyllotoxin esters as potential anticancer agents: Synthesis, biological studies and tubulin inhibition properties. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 89:128-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Singh VK, Kadu R, Roy H. 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl ether derivatives: Synthesis, spectral, optical, thermal characterization and in-vitro cytotoxicity against Hep 3B and IMR 32 human cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 74:552-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Liu JF, Sang CY, Qin WW, Zhao J, Hui L, Ding YL, Chen SW. Synthesis and evaluation of the cell cycle arrest and CT DNA interaction properties of 4β-amino-4′-O-demethyl-4-deoxypodophyllotoxins. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6948-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4β-[4′-(1-(Aryl)ureido)benzamide]podophyllotoxins as DNA topoisomerase I and IIα inhibitors and apoptosis inducing agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5198-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ren J, Wu L, Xin WQ, Chen X, Hu K. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4β-(1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-amino)-podophyllotoxin derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4778-82. [PMID: 22687745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of new 4β-(1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-amino)-podophyllotoxin derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their cytotoxicity in vitro against six tumor cell lines (DU-145, SGC-7901, A549, SH-SY5Y, HepG2 and HeLa) were evaluated by standard MTT assay. The pharmacological results showed that most of the newly synthesized podophyllotoxin derivatives displayed potent cytotoxicity against at least one of the tested tumor cells; and among the new derivatives, 11b was more potent than podophyllotoxin against HepG2 and Hela cell lines. Furthermore, 11b exhibited much better selectivity toward the normal cell lines L929 and Vero than etoposide, 5-Fu and podophyllotoxin. The possible antitumor mechanism of 11b is to inhibit the activity of DNA topoisomerase II, result in the S-phase arrest, and then cause apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
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Bailly C. Contemporary challenges in the design of topoisomerase II inhibitors for cancer chemotherapy. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3611-40. [PMID: 22397403 DOI: 10.1021/cr200325f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- Centre de Recherche et Développement, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France.
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Kamal A, Suresh P, Ramaiah MJ, Mallareddy A, Imthiajali S, Pushpavalli SNCVL, Lavanya A, Pal-Bhadra M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4β-sulphonamido and 4β-[(4'-sulphonamido)benzamide]podophyllotoxins as DNA topoisomerase-IIα and apoptosis inducing agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:2054-66. [PMID: 22364746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of new 4β-sulphonamido and 4β-[(4'-sulphonamido)benzamide] conjugates of podophyllotoxin (11a-j and 15a-g) were synthesized and evaluated for anticancer activity against six human cancer cell lines and found to be more potent than etoposide. Some of the compounds 11b, 11d and 11e that showed significant antiproliferative activity in Colo-205 cells, were superior to etoposide. The flow cytometric analysis indicates that these compounds (11b, 11d and 11e) showed G2/M cell cycle arrest and among them 11e is the most effective. It is observed that this compound (11e) caused both single-strand DNA breaks as observed by comet assay as well as double-strand DNA breaks as indicated by γ-H2AX. Further 11e showed inhibition of topo-IIα as observed from Western blot analysis and related studies. Compounds caused activation of ATM as well as Chk1 protein indicating that the compound caused effective DNA damage. Moreover activation of caspase-3, p21, p16, NF-kB and down regulation of Bcl-2 protein suggests that this compound (11e) has apoptotic cell death inducing ability, apart from acting as a topo-IIα inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 607, India.
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Chengniu W, Zhonghua W, Yu Z, Chunyan N, Xiaodong Z, Li Z. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Novel Podophyllotoxin Derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 344:735-40. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kamal A, Suresh P, Janaki Ramaiah M, Mallareddy A, Kumar BA, Raju P, Vinay Gopal J, Pushpavalli S, Lavanya A, Sarma P, Pal-Bhadra M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4β-acrylamidopodophyllotoxin congeners as DNA damaging agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4589-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kamal A, Ashwini Kumar B, Suresh P, Juvekar A, Zingde S. Synthesis of 4β-carbamoyl epipodophyllotoxins as potential antitumour agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2975-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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