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Alvarez LD, Dansey MV, Ogara MF, Peña CI, Houtman R, Veleiro AS, Pecci A, Burton G. Cholestenoic acid analogues as inverse agonists of the liver X receptors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 199:105585. [PMID: 31931135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Liver X Receptors (LXRs) are ligand dependent transcription factors activated by oxidized cholesterol metabolites (oxysterols) that play fundamental roles in the transcriptional control of lipid metabolism, cholesterol transport and modulation of inflammatory responses. In the last decade, LXRs have become attractive pharmacological targets for intervention in human metabolic diseases and thus, several efforts have concentrated on the development of synthetic analogues able to modulate LXR transcriptional response. In this sense, we have previously found that cholestenoic acid analogues with a modified side chain behave as LXR inverse agonists. To further investigate the structure-activity relationships and to explore how cholestenoic acid derivatives interact with the LXRs, we evaluated the LXR biological activity of new analogues containing a C24-C25 double bond. Furthermore, a microarray assay was performed to evaluate the recruitment of coregulators to recombinant LXR LBD upon ligand binding. Also, conventional and accelerated molecular dynamics simulations were applied to gain insight on the molecular determinants involved in the inverse agonism. As LXR inverse agonists emerge as very promising candidates to control LXR activity, the cholestenoic acid analogues here depicted constitute a new relevant steroidal scaffold to inhibit LXR action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lautaro D Alvarez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, UMYMFOR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Dansey
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, UMYMFOR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Ogara
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, IFIBYNE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina I Peña
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, UMYMFOR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - René Houtman
- Pamgene International BV, 5211 HH Den Bosch, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana S Veleiro
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, UMYMFOR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adali Pecci
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, IFIBYNE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Burton
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, UMYMFOR, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Sroka A, Majerz I. A ring conformation of androstan-3-one. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1177220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Sroka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - I. Majerz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract
Neurosteroids are the principal endogenous modulators of GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs), which are pentameric membrane-bound proteins that regulate the passage of chloride ions from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment. As consequence of their ability to modify inhibitory functions in the brain, neurosteroids have high physiological and clinical importance and may act as anesthetic, anticonvulsant and anxiolytic drugs. Despite their relevance, essential issues regarding neurosteroid action on GABA(A)Rs are still unsettled. In particular, residues taking part of the steroid recognition are not definitely identified. Taking as starting point the first reported crystal structure of a human GABAA receptor (a β3 homopentamer), we have explored through a combination of computational methods (a cavity-detection algorithm, docking and molecular dynamics simulations) the binding mode of two structurally different representative neurosteroids, pregnanolone and allopregnanolone. We have identified a neurosteroid binding site between the TM3 of one subunit and TM1 and TM4 of the adjacent subunit that is consistent with the set of experimental data reported for the action of neurosteroids on β3 homopentamers. These sites are able to properly accommodate both overall torsioned and flat steroidal structures and they specifically recognize the 3-OH group, explaining the requirement of a 3α-configuration for the activity. We believe that this work provides for first time convincing information about the molecular interaction between neurosteroids and a GABA(A)R. This information largely increases our understanding of this fundamental ligand-receptor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lautaro D Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Darío A Estrin
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica Analítica y Química Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Esber N, Le Billan F, Resche-Rigon M, Loosfelt H, Lombès M, Chabbert-Buffet N. Ulipristal Acetate Inhibits Progesterone Receptor Isoform A-Mediated Human Breast Cancer Proliferation and BCl2-L1 Expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140795. [PMID: 26474308 PMCID: PMC4608808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The progesterone receptor (PR) with its isoforms and ligands are involved in breast tumorigenesis and prognosis. We aimed at analyzing the respective contribution of PR isoforms, PRA and PRB, in breast cancer cell proliferation in a new estrogen-independent cell based-model, allowing independent PR isoforms analysis. We used the bi-inducible human breast cancer cell system MDA-iPRAB. We studied the effects and molecular mechanisms of action of progesterone (P4) and ulipristal acetate (UPA), a new selective progesterone receptor modulator, alone or in combination. P4 significantly stimulated MDA-iPRA expressing cells proliferation. This was associated with P4-stimulated expression of the anti-apoptotic factor BCL2-L1 and enhanced recruitment of PRA, SRC-1 and RNA Pol II onto the +58 kb PR binding motif of the BCL2-L1 gene. UPA decreased cell proliferation and repressed BCL2-L1 expression in the presence of PRA, correlating with PRA and SRC1 but not RNA Pol II recruitment. These results bring new information on the mechanism of action of PR ligands in controlling breast cancer cell proliferation through PRA in an estrogen independent model. Evaluation of PR isoforms ratio, as well as molecular signature studies based on PRA target genes could be proposed to facilitate personalized breast cancer therapy. In this context, UPA could be of interest in endocrine therapy. Further confirmation in the clinical setting is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Esber
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Scientifique 1185, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Scientifique 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- HRA-Pharma, Paris, France
| | - Florian Le Billan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Scientifique 1185, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Scientifique 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Hugues Loosfelt
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Scientifique 1185, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Scientifique 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Lombès
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Scientifique 1185, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Scientifique 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Nathalie Chabbert-Buffet
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires Est Parisien site Tenon, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Scientifique 938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Bertucci PY, Nacht AS, Alló M, Rocha-Viegas L, Ballaré C, Soronellas D, Castellano G, Zaurin R, Kornblihtt AR, Beato M, Vicent GP, Pecci A. Progesterone receptor induces bcl-x expression through intragenic binding sites favoring RNA polymerase II elongation. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:6072-86. [PMID: 23640331 PMCID: PMC3695497 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid receptors were classically described for regulating transcription by binding to target gene promoters. However, genome-wide studies reveal that steroid receptors-binding sites are mainly located at intragenic regions. To determine the role of these sites, we examined the effect of progestins on the transcription of the bcl-x gene, where only intragenic progesterone receptor-binding sites (PRbs) were identified. We found that in response to hormone treatment, the PR is recruited to these sites along with two histone acetyltransferases CREB-binding protein (CBP) and GCN5, leading to an increase in histone H3 and H4 acetylation and to the binding of the SWI/SNF complex. Concomitant, a more relaxed chromatin was detected along bcl-x gene mainly in the regions surrounding the intragenic PRbs. PR also mediated the recruitment of the positive elongation factor pTEFb, favoring RNA polymerase II (Pol II) elongation activity. Together these events promoted the re-distribution of the active Pol II toward the 3′-end of the gene and a decrease in the ratio between proximal and distal transcription. These results suggest a novel mechanism by which PR regulates gene expression by facilitating the proper passage of the polymerase along hormone-dependent genes.
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Martínez MD, Edelsztein VC, Durán FJ, Di Chenna PH, Burton G. Synthesis of 6-azaprogesterone and 19-hydroxy-6-azasteroids. Steroids 2013; 78:34-7. [PMID: 23127817 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
19-Hydroxy-6-azapregnanes were obtained from pregnenolone via a 7-azido-5-oxo-6-nor-5,7-secopregnane intermediate. The 6-azapregnane core was built in good yield in a straightforward way from the secosteroid, by means of a Staudinger (aza-Wittig) reaction. Finally the 19-hydroxy-6-azapregnane was transformed into 19-hydroxy-6-azaprogesterone (that cyclized spontaneously to the 19→3 hemiketal) and 6-azaprogesterone. The 6-azapregnanes lacked agonistic/antagonistic activity on the progesterone receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario D Martínez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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