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Karandikar SS, Metze BE, Roberts RA, Stuart DR. Oxidative Cycloaddition Reactions of Arylboron Reagents via a One-pot Formal Dehydroboration Sequence. Org Lett 2023; 25:6374-6379. [PMID: 37610877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Arylboron compounds are widely available and synthetically useful reagents in which the boron group is typically substituted. Herein, we show that the boron group and ortho-hydrogen atom are substituted in a formal cycloaddition reaction. This transformation is enabled by a one-pot sequence involving diaryliodonium and aryne intermediates. The scope of arylboron reagents and arynophiles is demonstrated, and the method is applied to the formal synthesis of an investigational drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhendu S Karandikar
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Bryan E Metze
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Riley A Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - David R Stuart
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
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N,N'-Di-Boc-2H-Isoindole-2-carboxamidine-First Guanidine-Substituted Isoindole. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248954. [PMID: 36558087 PMCID: PMC9781607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of N,N'-Di-Boc-2H-isoindole-2-carboxamidine, the first representative of isoindoles containing guanidine functionality, was carried out. The cycloaddition reactivity of this new Diels-Alder heterodiene was studied and the title compound was employed as a cycloaddition delivery reagent for guanidine functionality. Higher reactivity was found in comparison with the corresponding pyrrole derivative. Substitution with fluorine or guanidine functionality does not change the reactivities of isoindoles, and these findings are in good accord with computational results.
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Heteroatom Substitution at Amide Nitrogen-Resonance Reduction and HERON Reactions of Anomeric Amides. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112834. [PMID: 30384496 PMCID: PMC6278557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes how resonance in amides is greatly affected upon substitution at nitrogen by two electronegative atoms. Nitrogen becomes strongly pyramidal and resonance stabilisation, evaluated computationally, can be reduced to as little as 50% that of N,N-dimethylacetamide. However, this occurs without significant twisting about the amide bond, which is borne out both experimentally and theoretically. In certain configurations, reduced resonance and pronounced anomeric effects between heteroatom substituents are instrumental in driving the HERON (Heteroatom Rearrangement On Nitrogen) reaction, in which the more electronegative atom migrates from nitrogen to the carbonyl carbon in concert with heterolysis of the amide bond, to generate acyl derivatives and heteroatom-substituted nitrenes. In other cases the anomeric effect facilitates SN1 and SN2 reactivity at the amide nitrogen.
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Albano G, Aronica LA. Potentiality and Synthesis of O- and N-Heterocycles: Pd-Catalyzed Cyclocarbonylative Sonogashira Coupling as a Valuable Route to Phthalans, Isochromans, and Isoindolines. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; University of Pisa; Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Laura Antonella Aronica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; University of Pisa; Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
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Kozai D, Sakaguchi R, Ohwada T, Mori Y. Deciphering Subtype-Selective Modulations in TRPA1 Biosensor Channels. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 13:266-78. [PMID: 26411770 PMCID: PMC4598439 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x1302150525122020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are a family of ion channels that act as
cellular sensors. Several members of the TRP family are sensitive to oxidative stress mediators.
Among them, TRPA1 is remarkably susceptible to various oxidants, and is known to mediate
neuropathic pain and respiratory, vascular and gastrointestinal functions, making TRPA1 an
attractive therapeutic target. Recent studies have revealed a number of modulators (both activators and inhibitors) that act
on TRPA1. Endogenous mediators of oxidative stress and exogenous electrophiles activate TRPA1 through oxidative
modification of cysteine residues. Non-electrophilic compounds also activate TRPA1. Certain non-electrophilic
modulators may act on critical non-cysteine sites in TRPA1. However, a method to achieve selective modulation of
TRPA1 by small molecules has not yet been established. More recently, we found that a novel N-nitrosamine compound
activates TRPA1 by S-nitrosylation (the addition of a nitric oxide (NO) group to cysteine thiol), and does so with
significant selectivity over other NO-sensitive TRP channels. It is proposed that this subtype selectivity is conferred
through synergistic effects of electrophilic cysteine transnitrosylation and molecular recognition of the non-electrophilic
moiety on the N-nitrosamine. In this review, we describe the molecular pharmacology of these TRPA1 modulators and
discuss their modulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yasuo Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyoku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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Lin C, Zhen L, Cheng Y, Du HJ, Zhao H, Wen X, Kong LY, Xu QL, Sun H. Visible-light induced isoindoles formation to trigger intermolecular Diels-Alder reactions in the presence of air. Org Lett 2015; 17:2684-7. [PMID: 25973634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light induced isoindole formation triggered an intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction with dienophiles such as acetylenedicarboxylate and maleimides in the presence of air. The reaction resulted in excellent diastereoselctivity and high yields under mild reaction conditions. This protocol provides an atom-economical, transition-metal-free (TM-free) and straightforward approach to structurally diverse bridged-ring heterocycles from easily accessible molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Le Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong-Jin Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qing-Long Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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Kozai D, Kabasawa Y, Ebert M, Kiyonaka S, Otani Y, Numata T, Takahashi N, Mori Y, Ohwada T. Transnitrosylation Directs TRPA1 Selectivity in N-Nitrosamine Activators. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 85:175-85. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.088864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Bhardwaj A, Huang Z, Kaur J, Yang F, Seubert JM, Knaus EE. A diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate analog of 7-azabenzobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane: synthesis, nitric oxide and nitroxyl release, in vitro hemodynamic, and anti-hypertensive studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2769-74. [PMID: 23541649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
1-(7-Azabenzobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (16) was designed with the expectation that it would act as a dual nitric oxide (NO) and nitroxyl (HNO) donor that is not carcinogenic or genotoxic. Compound 16, with a suitable half-life (17.8 min) in PBS at pH 7, released NO (19%) and HNO (22%) during a 2h incubation in PBS at pH 7. In addition, compound 16 exhibited a significant in vitro positive inotropic effect, increased the rates of contraction and relaxation, and increased coronary flow rate, but did not induce a chronotropic effect. Furthermore, compound 16 (13.7 mg kg(-1), po dose) provided a significant reduction in the blood pressure of mice up to 3h post-drug administration. All these data suggest that compound 16 constitutes an attractive 'lead-compound' that could have potential applications to treat cardiovascular disease(s) such as congestive heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Bhardwaj
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
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Makita N, Kabasawa Y, Otani Y, Firman, Sato J, Hashimoto M, Nakaya M, Nishihara H, Nangaku M, Kurose H, Ohwada T, Iiri T. Attenuated desensitization of β-adrenergic receptor by water-soluble N-nitrosamines that induce S-nitrosylation without NO release. Circ Res 2012; 112:327-34. [PMID: 23212582 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.277665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The clinical problem of loss of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) response, both in the pathogenesis of heart failure and during therapeutic application of β-agonists, is attributable, at least in part, to desensitization, internalization, and downregulation of the receptors. In the regulation of β-AR signaling, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) primarily phosphorylates agonist-occupied β-ARs, and this modification promotes desensitization, internalization, and downregulation of β-ARs. It has been demonstrated that GRK2 is inhibited by its S-nitrosylation. However, compounds that induce S-nitrosylation, such as S-nitrosoglutathione, simultaneously generate NO, which has been demonstrated to operate for cardiovascular protection. OBJECTIVE We examine whether S-nitrosylation without NO generation inhibits desensitization of β(2)-AR by GRK2. We thus aim to synthesize compounds that specifically induce S-nitrosylation. METHODS AND RESULTS We have developed water-soluble N-nitrosamines that have S-nitrosylating activity but lack NO-generating activity. These compounds, at least partly, rescue β-AR from desensitization in HEK 293 cells expressing FLAG-tagged human β(2)-AR and in rat cardiac myocytes. They inhibit isoproterenol-dependent phosphorylation and internalization of β(2)-AR. Indeed, they nitrosylate GRK2 in vitro and in cells, and their S-nitrosylation of GRK2 likely underlies their inhibition of β(2)-AR desensitization. CONCLUSIONS Compounds that induce S-nitrosylation without NO release inhibit GRK2 and attenuate β(2)-AR desensitization. Developing water-soluble drugs that specifically induce S-nitrosylation may be a promising therapeutic strategy for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Makita
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Tuxworth L, Baiget L, Phanopoulos A, Metters OJ, Batsanov AS, Fox MA, Howard JAK, Dyer PW. Phosphine–alkene ligand-mediated alkyl–alkyl and alkyl–halide elimination processes from palladium(ii). Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:10413-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35623f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Karaki F, Kabasawa Y, Yanagimoto T, Umeda N, Firman, Urano Y, Nagano T, Otani Y, Ohwada T. Visible-Light-Triggered Release of Nitric Oxide from N-Pyramidal Nitrosamines. Chemistry 2011; 18:1127-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zhang Z, Zhao W, Wang B, Xia C, Zhang W, Wang PG. The total synthesis of immunostimulant α-galactosylceramides from naturally configured α-galactoside raffinose. Org Lett 2011; 13:4530-3. [PMID: 21815670 PMCID: PMC3398385 DOI: 10.1021/ol201695n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of absolute anomeric confirmation α-galactosylceramide analogues from raffinose is described. Using the naturally occurring α-galactoside raffinose as the starting material, the easily maneuverable protocol without glycosylation reactions ensured the critical α-linkage in the product and simplified the synthetic procedures. The immunostimulatory activities of the new α-galactosylceramides were validated by both in vitro and in vivo NKT cell stimulation assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chengfeng Xia
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peng George Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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