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Wang L, Xie Z, Wu M, Chen Y, Wang X, Li X, Liu F. The role of taurine through endoplasmic reticulum in physiology and pathology. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116386. [PMID: 38909788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid found in many cell organelles that plays a wide range of biological roles, including bile salt production, osmoregulation, oxidative stress reduction, and neuromodulation. Taurine treatments have also been shown to ameliorate the onset and development of many diseases, including hypertension, fatty liver, neurodegenerative diseases and ischemia-reperfusion injury, by exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic organelle involved in a wide range of cellular functions, including lipid metabolism, calcium storage and protein stabilization. Under stress, the disruption of the ER environment leads to the accumulation of misfolded proteins and a characteristic stress response called the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR protects cells from stress and helps to restore cellular homeostasis, but its activation promotes cell death under prolonged ER stress. Recent studies have shown that ER stress is closely related to the onset and development of many diseases. This article reviews the beneficial effects and related mechanisms of taurine by regulating the ER in different physiological and pathological states, with the aim of providing a reference for further research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Wang
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Mengxian Wu
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yunayuan Chen
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xingke Li
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Fangli Liu
- College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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2
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Jakobsen S, Nielsen CU. Exploring Amino Acid Transporters as Therapeutic Targets for Cancer: An Examination of Inhibitor Structures, Selectivity Issues, and Discovery Approaches. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:197. [PMID: 38399253 PMCID: PMC10893028 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Amino acid transporters are abundant amongst the solute carrier family and have an important role in facilitating the transfer of amino acids across cell membranes. Because of their impact on cell nutrient distribution, they also appear to have an important role in the growth and development of cancer. Naturally, this has made amino acid transporters a novel target of interest for the development of new anticancer drugs. Many attempts have been made to develop inhibitors of amino acid transporters to slow down cancer cell growth, and some have even reached clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to help organize the available information on the efforts to discover amino acid transporter inhibitors by focusing on the amino acid transporters ASCT2 (SLC1A5), LAT1 (SLC7A5), xCT (SLC7A11), SNAT1 (SLC38A1), SNAT2 (SLC38A2), and PAT1 (SLC36A1). We discuss the function of the transporters, their implication in cancer, their known inhibitors, issues regarding selective inhibitors, and the efforts and strategies of discovering inhibitors. The goal is to encourage researchers to continue the search and development within the field of cancer treatment research targeting amino acid transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Jakobsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Carsten Uhd Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
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Li Y, Peng Q, Shang J, Dong W, Wu S, Guo X, Xie Z, Chen C. The role of taurine in male reproduction: Physiology, pathology and toxicology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1017886. [PMID: 36742382 PMCID: PMC9889556 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1017886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, has a wide range of biological effects, such as bile salt formation, osmotic regulation, oxidative stress inhibition, immunomodulation and neuromodulation. Taurine has been proved to be synthesized and abundant in male reproductive organs. Recently, accumulating data showed that taurine has a potential protective effect on reproductive function of male animals. In physiology, taurine can promote the endocrine function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis, testicular tissue development, spermatogenesis and maturation, delay the aging of testicular structure and function, maintain the homeostasis of the testicular environment, and enhance sexual ability. In pathology, taurine supplement may be beneficial to alleviate pathological damage of male reproductive system, including oxidative damage of sperm preservation in vitro, testicular reperfusion injury and diabetes -induced reproductive complications. In addition, taurine acts as a protective agent against toxic damage to the male reproductive system by exogenous substances (e.g., therapeutic drugs, environmental pollutants, radiation). Related mechanisms include reduced oxidative stress, increased antioxidant capacity, inhibited inflammation and apoptosis, restored the secretory activity of the HPT axis, reduced chromosomal variation, enhanced sperm mitochondrial energy metabolism, cell membrane stabilization effect, etc. Therefore, this article reviewed the protective effect of taurine on male reproductive function and its detailed mechanism, in order to provide reference for further research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Qianwen Peng
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jia Shang
- Arts Department, School of Kaifeng Culture and Tourism, Henan, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wanglin Dong
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Sijia Wu
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xiajun Guo
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Henan, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenxing Xie, ; Chaoran Chen,
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenxing Xie, ; Chaoran Chen,
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4
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Murata Y, Yoshida M, Sakamoto N, Morimoto S, Watanabe T, Namba K. Iron uptake mediated by the plant-derived chelator nicotianamine in the small intestine. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100195. [PMID: 33334885 PMCID: PMC7948497 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential metal for all living organisms that is absorbed in the intestinal cells as a heme-chelated or free form. It is unclear how important plant-derived chelators, such as nicotianamine (NA), an organic small molecule that is ubiquitous in crops, vegetables, and various other foods, contribute to iron bioavailability in mammals. We performed electrophysiological assays with Xenopus laevis oocytes and radioactive tracer experiments with Caco-2 cells. The findings revealed that the proton-coupled amino acid transporter SLC36A1 (PAT1) transports iron in the form of NA-Fe (II) complex in vitro. Decreased expression of hPAT1 by RNA interference in Caco-2 cells reduced the uptake of NA-59Fe (II) complex. The uptake of inorganic 59Fe (II) was relatively unaffected. These results imply that PAT1 transports iron as a NA-Fe (II) complex. The rate of 59Fe absorption in the spleen, liver, and kidney was higher when mice were orally administered NA-59Fe (II) compared with free 59Fe (II). The profile of site-specific PAT1 expression in the mouse intestine coincided with those of NA and iron contents, which were the highest in the proximal jejunum. Orally administered NA-59Fe (II) complex in mice was detected in the proximal jejunum by thin layer chromatography. In contrast, much less 59Fe (or NA) was detected in the duodenum, where the divalent metal transporter SLC11A2 (DMT1) absorbs free Fe (II). The collective results revealed the role of PAT1 in NA-Fe (II) absorption in the intestine and potential implication of NA in iron uptake in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Murata
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Masami Yoshida
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naho Sakamoto
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shiho Morimoto
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takehiro Watanabe
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Namba
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Luengo JG, Muñoz MD, Álvarez-Merz I, Herranz AS, González JC, Martín del Río R, Hernández-Guijo JM, Solís JM. Intracellular accumulation of amino acids increases synaptic potentials in rat hippocampal slices. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1337-1351. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02771-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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6
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Roles of taurine in cognitive function of physiology, pathologies and toxication. Life Sci 2019; 231:116584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
The small intestine mediates the absorption of amino acids after ingestion of protein and sustains the supply of amino acids to all tissues. The small intestine is an important contributor to plasma amino acid homeostasis, while amino acid transport in the large intestine is more relevant for bacterial metabolites and fluid secretion. A number of rare inherited disorders have contributed to the identification of amino acid transporters in epithelial cells of the small intestine, in particular cystinuria, lysinuric protein intolerance, Hartnup disorder, iminoglycinuria, and dicarboxylic aminoaciduria. These are most readily detected by analysis of urine amino acids, but typically also affect intestinal transport. The genes underlying these disorders have all been identified. The remaining transporters were identified through molecular cloning techniques to the extent that a comprehensive portrait of functional cooperation among transporters of intestinal epithelial cells is now available for both the basolateral and apical membranes. Mouse models of most intestinal transporters illustrate their contribution to amino acid homeostasis and systemic physiology. Intestinal amino acid transport activities can vary between species, but these can now be explained as differences of amino acid transporter distribution along the intestine. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:343-373, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bröer
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Stephen J Fairweather
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Sood P, Priyadarshini S, Aich P. Estimation of psychological stress in humans: a combination of theory and practice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63044. [PMID: 23690978 PMCID: PMC3654918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress has long been known to increase susceptibility to health disorders. In 2009, American Psychological Association further established association of stress to serious health problems. However, a quantitative and accurate way to evaluate and estimate stress status of individuals is still a big challenge. It has been shown, in large animal models using cattle, that psychological stress can be quantified as well as disease susceptibility could be predicted through biomarker discovery. Taking cue from those studies, we have evaluated and estimated psychological stress level of individuals theoretically and validated experimentally. Various biomarkers have also been identified which can be associated to psychological stress to predict stress status of unknown individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Sood
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Institute of Physics Campus, Sachivalaya Marg, Odisha, India
| | - Sushri Priyadarshini
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Institute of Physics Campus, Sachivalaya Marg, Odisha, India
| | - Palok Aich
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Institute of Physics Campus, Sachivalaya Marg, Odisha, India
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Frølund S, Nøhr M, Holm R, Brodin B, Nielsen C. Potential involvement of the proton-coupled amino acid transporter PAT1 (SLC36A1) in the delivery of pharmaceutical agents. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(13)50046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Voigt V, Laug L, Zebisch K, Thondorf I, Markwardt F, Brandsch M. Transport of the areca nut alkaloid arecaidine by the human proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (hPAT1). J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 65:582-90. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The pyridine alkaloid arecaidine is an ingredient of areca nut preparations. It is responsible for many physiological effects observed during areca nut chewing. However, the mechanism underlying its oral bioavailability has not yet been studied. We investigated whether the H+-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC36A1), which is expressed in the intestinal epithelium, accepts arecaidine, arecoline, isoguvacine and other derivatives as substrates.
Methods
Inhibition of l-[3H]proline uptake by arecaidine and derivatives was determined in Caco-2 cells expressing hPAT1 constitutively and in HeLa cells transiently transfected with hPAT1-cDNA. Transmembrane transport of arecaidine and derivatives was measured electrophysiologically in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
Key findings
Arecaidine, guvacine and isoguvacine but not arecoline strongly inhibited the uptake of l-[3H]proline into Caco-2 cells. Kinetic analyses revealed the competitive manner of l-proline uptake inhibition by arecaidine. In HeLa cells transfected with hPAT1-cDNA an affinity constant of 3.8 mm was obtained for arecaidine. Electrophysiological measurements at hPAT1-expressing X. laevis oocytes demonstrated that arecaidine, guvacine and isoguvacine are transported by hPAT1 in an electrogenic manner.
Conclusion
We conclude that hPAT1 transports arecaidine, guvacine and isoguvacine across the apical membrane of enterocytes and that hPAT1 might be responsible for the intestinal absorption of these drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Voigt
- Biozentrum of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Linda Laug
- Biozentrum of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Katja Zebisch
- Biozentrum of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Iris Thondorf
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Fritz Markwardt
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute for Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Matthias Brandsch
- Biozentrum of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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