1
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Feng R, Patil S, Zhao X, Miao Z, Qian A. RNA Therapeutics - Research and Clinical Advancements. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:710738. [PMID: 34631795 PMCID: PMC8492966 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.710738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA therapeutics involve the use of coding RNA such as mRNA as well as non-coding RNAs such as small interfering RNAs (siRNA), antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) to target mRNA, aptamers, ribozymes, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated (CRISPR/Cas) endonuclease to target proteins and DNA. Due to their diverse targeting ability and research in RNA modification and delivery systems, RNA-based formulations have emerged as suitable treatment options for many diseases. Therefore, in this article, we have summarized different RNA therapeutics, their targeting strategies, and clinical progress for various diseases as well as limitations; so that it might help researchers formulate new and advanced RNA therapeutics for various diseases. Additionally, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA)-approved RNA-based therapeutics have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundong Feng
- Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi'an, China
| | - Suryaji Patil
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiping Miao
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Airong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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2
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Horie N, Yamaguchi T, Kumagai S, Obika S. Synthesis and properties of oligonucleotides modified with an N-methylguanidine-bridged nucleic acid (GuNA[Me]) bearing adenine, guanine, or 5-methylcytosine nucleobases. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:622-629. [PMID: 33747234 PMCID: PMC7940814 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical modifications have been extensively used for therapeutic oligonucleotides because they strongly enhance the stability against nucleases, binding affinity to the targets, and efficacy. We previously reported that oligonucleotides modified with an N-methylguanidine-bridged nucleic acid (GuNA[Me]) bearing the thymine (T) nucleobase show excellent biophysical properties for applications in antisense technology. In this paper, we describe the synthesis of GuNA[Me] phosphoramidites bearing other typical nucleobases including adenine (A), guanine (G), and 5-methylcytosine (mC). The phosphoramidites were successfully incorporated into oligonucleotides following the method previously developed for the GuNA[Me]-T-modified oligonucleotides. The binding affinity of the oligonucleotides modified with GuNA[Me]-A, -G, or -mC toward the complementary single-stranded DNAs or RNAs was systematically evaluated. All of the GuNA[Me]-modified oligonucleotides were found to have a strong affinity for RNAs. These data indicate that GuNA[Me] could be a useful modification for therapeutic antisense oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Horie
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takao Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Kumagai
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Shonan Health Innovation Park, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Obika
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
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3
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Du S, Li Y, Chai Z, Shi W, He J. Site-specific functionalization with amino, guanidinium, and imidazolyl groups enabling the activation of 10–23 DNAzyme. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19067-19075. [PMID: 35518333 PMCID: PMC9053948 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02226h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
10–23 DNAzyme has been extensively explored as a therapeutic and biotechnological tool, as well as in DNA computing. Faster cleavage or transformation is always needed. The present research displays a rational modification approach for a more efficient DNAzyme. In the catalytic core, amino, guanidinium and imidazolyl groups were introduced for its chemical activation through the adenine base. Among the six adenine residues, A9 is the unique residue that realizes all the positive effects; the 6-amino and 8-position of adenine and the 7-position of 8-aza-7-deaza-adenine could be used for the introduction of the functional groups. A12 is a new choice for catalytic improvement with an 8-substituent. Therefore, more active DNAzymes could be expected by this nucleobase-modified activation approach. Chemical activation of 10–23 DNAzyme was realized at A9 modified with active functional groups amino, guanidinium, and imidazolyl groups.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Beijing 100850
- China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Beijing 100850
- China
| | - Zhilong Chai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guizhou University
- China
| | - Weiguo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Beijing 100850
- China
| | - Junlin He
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Beijing 100850
- China
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4
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Du S, Li Y, Chai Z, Shi W, He J. Functionalization of 8-17 DNAzymes modulates catalytic efficiency and divalent metal ion preference. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103401. [PMID: 31711763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
8-17 and 17E DNAzyme are being explored as biosensors for metal ions and RNA motifs of interest, more sensitive and efficient DNAzymes are required to meet the practical applications. Their similarity in the catalytic cores and differences in catalytic efficiency and metal ion dependence initiated great interest about the contribution of the catalytic residues. Functionalization of four adenine residues in the catalytic cores of 8-17 DNAzyme and 17E was conducted with amino, guanidinium, and imidazolyl groups. In the bulge loops of 8-17 and 17E, N6-(3-aminopropyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (residue 1) at A15 led to new DNAzymes 8-17DZ-A15-1 and 17E-A15-1, with much more efficient cleavage ability in the Ca2+-mediated reaction and the greater preference for Ca2+ over Mg2+ than 8-17 DNAzyme and 17E, respectively, especially with a concentration-dependent increase of the selectivity, which is different from most DNAzymes with the similar dependence on both Mg2+ and Ca2+. With this kind of post-selection modification on 8-17 DNAzymes, for the first time, the catalytic efficiency and metal ion selectivity could be positively modulated. It is also helpful for the catalyic mechanistic studies of these DNAzymes, especially, the role of the unconserved A15 should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhilong Chai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Weiguo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Junlin He
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
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5
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Aghamiri S, Jafarpour A, Gomari MM, Ghorbani J, Rajabibazl M, Payandeh Z. siRNA nanotherapeutics: a promising strategy for anti‐HBV therapy. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:457-463. [PMCID: PMC8676379 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis worldwide. In spite of the numerous advances in the treatment of CHB, drugs and vaccines have failed because of many factors like complexity, resistance, toxicity, and heavy cost. New RNA interference (RNAi)‐based technologies have developed innovative strategies to target Achilles' heel of the several hazardous diseases involving cancer, some genetic disease, autoimmune illnesses, and viral disorders particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. Naked siRNA delivery has serious challenges including failure to cross the cell membrane, susceptibility to the enzymatic digestion, and excretion by renal filtration, which ideally can be addressed by nanoparticle‐mediated delivery systems. cccDNA formation is a significant problem in obtaining HBV infections complete cure because of strength, durability, and lack of proper immune response. Nano‐siRNA drugs have a great potential to address this problem by silencing specific genes which are involved in cccDNA formation. In this article, the authors describe siRNA nanocarrier‐mediated delivery systems as a promising new strategy for HBV infections therapy. Simultaneously, the authors completely represent the clinical trials which use these strategies for treatment of the HBV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Aghamiri
- Student research committeeDepartment of Medical BiotechnologySchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ali Jafarpour
- Students' Scientific Research CenterVirology DivisionDepartment of PathobiologySchool of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Jaber Ghorbani
- Department of Medical BiotechnologySchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Masoumeh Rajabibazl
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryFaculty of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell SciencesSchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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6
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Horie N, Kumagai S, Kotobuki Y, Yamaguchi T, Obika S. Facile synthesis and fundamental properties of an N-methylguanidine-bridged nucleic acid (GuNA[NMe]). Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6531-6536. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01307a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The GuNA[NMe]-modified oligonucleotides exhibited excellent duplex-forming ability towards the complementary single-stranded DNA and RNA, and showed robust enzymatic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Horie
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Shinji Kumagai
- Soyaku. Innovative Research Division
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
- Yokohama 227-0033
- Japan
| | - Yutaro Kotobuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Takao Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Obika
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation
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7
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Selvam C, Mutisya D, Prakash S, Ranganna K, Thilagavathi R. Therapeutic potential of chemically modified siRNA: Recent trends. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:665-678. [PMID: 28378934 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are one of the valuable tools to investigate the functions of genes and are also used for gene silencing. It has a wide scope in drug discovery through in vivo target validation. siRNA therapeutics are not optimal drug-like molecules due to poor bioavailability and immunogenic and off-target effects. To overcome the challenges associated with siRNA therapeutics, identification of appropriate chemical modifications that improves the stability, specificity and potency of siRNA is essential. This review focuses on the various chemical modifications and their implications in siRNA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelliah Selvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Mutisya
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Albany State University, Albany, GA, USA
| | - Sandhya Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kasturi Ranganna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thilagavathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India
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8
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Biscans A, Rouanet S, Bertrand JR, Vasseur JJ, Dupouy C, Debart F. Synthesis, binding, nuclease resistance and cellular uptake properties of 2'-O-acetalester-modified oligonucleotides containing cationic groups. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:5360-8. [PMID: 26260340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and properties of oligonucleotides (ONs) with 2'-O-acetalester modifications containing cationic side chains in a prodrug-like approach. In the aim to improve cell penetration and nuclease resistance, various different amino- or guanidino-acetalester were grafted to 2'-OH of uridine and the corresponding phosphoramidites were incorporated into ONs. Introduction of 2'-O-(2-aminomethyl-2-ethyl)butyryloxymethyl (AMEBuOM) modification into 2'-OMe ONs leads to high resistance towards enzymatic degradation and to destabilization of duplexes with complementary RNA strand. Spontaneous uptake experiments of a twelve-mer containing ten 2'-O-AMEBuOM-U units into A673 cells showed moderate internalization of ON within the cells whereas substantial internalization of the corresponding lipophilic 2'-O-pivaloyloxymethyl ON was observed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Biscans
- Department of Nucleic Acids, IBMM UMR 5247, CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, UM Campus Triolet, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Sonia Rouanet
- Department of Nucleic Acids, IBMM UMR 5247, CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, UM Campus Triolet, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Rémi Bertrand
- UMR 8203 CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Vasseur
- Department of Nucleic Acids, IBMM UMR 5247, CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, UM Campus Triolet, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Christelle Dupouy
- Department of Nucleic Acids, IBMM UMR 5247, CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, UM Campus Triolet, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
| | - Françoise Debart
- Department of Nucleic Acids, IBMM UMR 5247, CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, UM Campus Triolet, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
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9
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Abstract
Silencing gene expression by harnessing the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway with short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) has useful analytical and potentially therapeutic application. To augment silencing efficacy of siRNAs, chemical modification has been employed to improve stability, target specificity, and delivery to target tissues. siRNAs incorporating guanidinopropyl (GP) moieties have demonstrated enhanced target gene silencing in cell culture and in vivo models of hepatitis B virus replication. Here we describe the synthesis of GP-modified siRNAs and use of 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5' RACE) to verify an RNAi-mediated mechanism of action of these novel chemically modified siRNAs.
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10
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Marimani MD, Ely A, Buff MCR, Bernhardt S, Engels JW, Scherman D, Escriou V, Arbuthnot P. Inhibition of replication of hepatitis B virus in transgenic mice following administration of hepatotropic lipoplexes containing guanidinopropyl-modified siRNAs. J Control Release 2015; 209:198-206. [PMID: 25937322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) occurs commonly and complications that arise from persistence of the virus are associated with high mortality. Available licensed drugs have modest curative efficacy and advancing new therapeutic strategies to eliminate the virus is therefore a priority. HBV is susceptible to inactivation by exogenous gene silencers that harness RNA interference (RNAi) and the approach has therapeutic potential. To advance RNAi-based treatment for HBV infection, use in vivo of hepatotropic lipoplexes containing siRNAs with guanidinopropyl (GP) modifications is reported here. Lipoplexes contained polyglutamate, which has previously been shown to facilitate formulation and improve efficiency of the non-viral vectors. GP moieties were included in a previously described anti-HBV siRNA that effectively targeted the conserved viral X sequence. Particles had physical properties that were suitable for use in vivo: average diameter was approximately 50-200 nm and surface charge (zeta potential) was +65 mV. Efficient hepatotropic delivery of labeled siRNA was observed following systemic intravenous injection of the particles into HBV transgenic mice. Good inhibition of markers of viral replication was observed without evidence of toxicity. Efficacy of the GP-modified siRNAs was significantly more durable and formulations made up with chemically modified siRNAs were less immunostimulatory. An RNAi-mediated mechanism was confirmed by demonstrating that HBV mRNA cleavage occurred in vivo at the intended target site. Collectively these data indicate that GP-modified siRNAs formulated in anionic polymer-containing lipoplexes are effective silencers of HBV replication in vivo and have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa D Marimani
- Wits/SA MRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Abdullah Ely
- Wits/SA MRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Maximilian C R Buff
- Goethe-University, Institute of Organic Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Bernhardt
- Goethe-University, Institute of Organic Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joachim W Engels
- Goethe-University, Institute of Organic Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel Scherman
- UTCBS, CNRS UMR8258, INSERM U1022, Université Paris Descartes, Chimie ParisTech, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Escriou
- UTCBS, CNRS UMR8258, INSERM U1022, Université Paris Descartes, Chimie ParisTech, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Arbuthnot
- Wits/SA MRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa.
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11
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Marimani M, Hean J, Bloom K, Ely A, Arbuthnot P. Recent advances in developing nucleic acid-based HBV therapy. Future Microbiol 2014; 8:1489-504. [PMID: 24199806 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.13.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic HBV infection remains an important public health problem and currently licensed therapies rarely prevent complications of viral persistence. Silencing HBV gene expression using gene therapy, particularly with exogenous activators of RNAi, holds promise for developing an HBV gene therapy. However, immune stimulation, off-targeting effects and inefficient delivery of RNAi activators remain problematic. Several new approaches have recently been employed to address these issues. Chemical modifications to anti-HBV synthetic siRNAs have been investigated and a variety of vectors are being developed for delivery of RNAi effectors. In this article, we review the potential utility of gene therapy for treating HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Marimani
- Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology, Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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12
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Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication in cultured cells and in vivo using 2'-O-guanidinopropyl modified siRNAs. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6145-55. [PMID: 23743442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Silencing hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene expression with exogenous activators of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway has shown promise as a new mode of treating infection with the virus. However, optimizing efficacy, specificity, pharmacokinetics and stability of RNAi activators remains a priority before clinical application of this promising therapeutic approach is realised. Chemical modification of synthetic short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) provides the means to address these goals. This study aimed to assess the benefits of incorporating nucleotides with 2'-O-guanidinopropyl (GP) modifications into siRNAs that target HBV. Single GP residues were incorporated at nucleotide positions from 2 to 21 of the antisense strand of a previously characterised effective antiHBV siRNA. When tested in cultured cells, siRNAs with GP moieties at selected positions improved silencing efficacy. Stability of chemically modified siRNAs in 80% serum was moderately improved and better silencing effects were observed without evidence for toxicity or induction of an interferon response. Moreover, partially complementary target sequences were less susceptible to silencing by siRNAs with GP residues located in the seed region. Hydrodynamic co-injection of siRNAs with a replication-competent HBV plasmid resulted in highly effective knock down of markers of viral replication in mice. Evidence for improved efficacy, reduced off target effects and good silencing in vivo indicate that GP-modifications of siRNAs may be used to enhance their therapeutic utility.
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13
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Crossey K, Hardacre C, Migaud ME. Nucleoside phosphitylation using ionic liquid stabilised phosphorodiamidites and mechanochemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 48:11969-71. [PMID: 23128063 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36367d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A range of nucleoside phosphoramidites incorporating small amino substituents have been readily synthesised using ionic liquid stabilised phosphorodiamidites coupled with mechanochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Crossey
- QUILL/School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
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14
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Gene silencing by chemically modified siRNAs. N Biotechnol 2013; 30:302-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Baraguey C, Lescrinier E, Lavergne T, Debart F, Herdewijn P, Vasseur JJ. The biolabile 2′-O-pivaloyloxymethyl modification in an RNA helix: an NMR solution structure. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2638-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27005j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Robaldo L, Pontiggia R, Di Lella S, Estrin DA, Engels JW, Iribarren AM, Montserrat JM. Conformational States of 2′-C-Methylpyrimidine Nucleosides in Single and Double Nucleic Acid Stranded Structures. J Phys Chem B 2012; 117:57-69. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3081645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Robaldo
- INGEBI (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires
(1428), Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Pontiggia
- INGEBI (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires
(1428), Argentina
| | - Santiago Di Lella
- Departamento
de Química
Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física-INQUIMAE,
Fac. de Cs. Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Ciudad
Universitaria, Cap. Fed., Argentina
| | - Darío A. Estrin
- Departamento
de Química
Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física-INQUIMAE,
Fac. de Cs. Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Ciudad
Universitaria, Cap. Fed., Argentina
| | - Joachim W. Engels
- Institute for Organic Chemistry,
and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Adolfo M. Iribarren
- INGEBI (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires
(1428), Argentina
- Laboratorio de Biotransformaciones, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña
352 (1876) Bernal, Prov. de Bs. As., Argentina
| | - Javier M. Montserrat
- INGEBI (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires
(1428), Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Gral. Sarmiento, J. M. Gutierrez
1150, Los Polvorines (B1613GSX), Prov. de Bs. As., Argentina
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17
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The highly conserved 5' untranslated region as an effective target towards the inhibition of Enterovirus 71 replication by unmodified and appropriate 2'-modified siRNAs. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:73. [PMID: 22889374 PMCID: PMC3438048 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a highly infectious agent that plays an etiological role in hand, foot, and mouth disease. It is associated with severe neurological complications and has caused significant mortalities in recent large-scale outbreaks. Currently, no effective vaccine or specific clinical therapy is available against EV71. METHODS Unmodified 21 nucleotide small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and classic 2'-modified (2'-O-methylation or 2'-fluoro modification) siRNAs were designed to target highly conserved 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the EV71 genome and employed as anti-EV71 agents. Real-time TaqMan RT-PCR, western blot analysis and plaque assays were carried out to evaluate specific viral inhibition by the siRNAs. RESULTS Transfection of rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells with siRNAs targeting the EV71 genomic 5' UTR significantly delayed and alleviated the cytopathic effects of EV71 infection, increased cell viability in EV71-infected RD cells. The inhibitory effect on EV71 replication was sequence-specific and dosage-dependent, with significant corresponding decreases in viral RNA, VP1 protein and viral titer. Appropriate 2'-modified siRNAs exhibited similar RNA interference (RNAi) activity with dramatically increased serum stability in comparison with unmodified counterparts. CONCLUSION Sequences were identified within the highly conserved 5' UTR that can be targeted to effectively inhibit EV71 replication through RNAi strategies. Appropriate 2'-modified siRNAs provide a promising approach to optimizing siRNAs to overcome barriers on RNAi-based antiviral therapies for broader administration.
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