1
|
Feng Y, Sarrett SM, Meshaw RL, Vaidyanathan G, Cornejo MA, Zeglis BM, Zalutsky MR. Site-Specific Radiohalogenation of a HER2-Targeted Single-Domain Antibody Fragment Using a Novel Residualizing Prosthetic Agent. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15358-15373. [PMID: 36368007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Because of their rapid tumor accumulation and normal tissue clearance, single-domain antibody fragments (sdAbs) are an attractive vehicle for developing radiotherapeutics labeled with the α-emitter 211At. Herein, we have evaluated iso-[211At]AGMB-PODS, a prosthetic agent that combines a functionality for residualizing radiohalogens with a phenyloxadiazolyl methylsulfone (PODS) moiety for site-specific sdAb conjugation. Iso-[211At]AGMB-PODS and its radioiodinated analogue were evaluated for thiol-selective conjugation to anti-HER2 5F7 sdAb bearing a C-terminus GGC tail. Both radiohalogenated PODS-5F7GGC conjugates were synthesized in good radiochemical yields and retained high binding affinity on HER2-positive BT474 breast carcinoma cells. Iso-[211At]AGMB-PODS-5F7GGC was considerably more stable in vitro than its maleimide analogue in the presence of cysteine and human serum albumin (HSA) and exhibited excellent tumor uptake and high in vivo stability. Superior tumor-to-kidney activity ratios were seen for both radiohalogenated PODS-5F7GGC conjugates compared with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-PODS-5F7GGC. These results suggest that iso-[211At]AGMB-PODS-5F7GGC warrants further evaluation for the treatment of HER2-expressing malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Feng
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Samantha M. Sarrett
- Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Meshaw
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Ganesan Vaidyanathan
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Mike A. Cornejo
- Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Brian M. Zeglis
- Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Michael R. Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mease RC, Kang C, Kumar V, Ray S, Minn IL, Brummet M, Gabrielson K, Feng Y, Park A, Kiess A, Sgouros G, Vaidyanathan G, Zalutsky M, Pomper MG. An improved 211At-labeled agent for PSMA-targeted alpha therapy. J Nucl Med 2021; 63:259-267. [PMID: 34088772 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Particle emitters targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) proved effective in treating patients with prostate cancer who were unresponsive to the corresponding β-particle therapy. Astatine-211 is an α-emitter that may engender less toxicity than other α-emitting agents. We synthesized a new 211At-labeled radiotracer targeting PSMA that resulted from the search for a pharmacokinetically optimized agent. Methods: A small series of 125I-labeled compounds were synthesized from their tin precursors to evaluate the effect of location of radiohalogen within the molecule and the presence of lutetium in the chelate on biodistribution. On that basis, 211At-VK-02-90-Lu was selected and evaluated in cell uptake and internalization studies, biodistribution and PSMA+ PC3 PIP tumor growth control in experimental flank and metastatic (PC3-ML-Luc) models. A long-term (13-month) toxicity study was performed for 211At-VK-02-90-Lu, including tissue chemistries and histopathology. Results: The radiochemical yield of 211At-VK-02-90-Lu was 17.8 ± 8.2%. Lead compound 211At-VK-02-90-Lu demonstrated total uptake within PSMA+ PC3 PIP cells of 13.4 ± 0.5% of the input dose after 4 h of incubation with little uptake in control cells. In SCID mice, 211At-VK-02-90-Lu provided 30.6 ± 4.8 percentage of injected dose per gram (%ID/g) of uptake in PSMA+ PC3 PIP tumor at 1 h post-injection that decreased to 9.46 ± 0.96 %ID/g by 24 h. Tumor-to-salivary gland and tumor-to-kidney ratios were 129 ± 99 at 4 h and 130 ± 113 at 24 h, respectively. De-astatination was not significant (stomach 0.34 ± 0.20%ID/g at 4 h). Dose-dependent survival was demonstrated at higher doses (>1.48 MBq) in both flank and metastatic models. There was little off-target toxicity as demonstrated by hematopoietic stability, unchanged tissue chemistries, weight gain rather than loss throughout treatment, and favorable histopathology. Conclusion: Compound 211At-VK-02-90-Lu or close analogs may provide limited and acceptable toxicity while retaining efficacy in management of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vivek Kumar
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, United States
| | | | | | - Mary Brummet
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, United States
| | | | | | - Andrew Park
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pruszynski M, Kang CM, Koumarianou E, Vaidyanathan G, Zalutsky MR. d-Amino Acid Peptide Residualizing Agents for Protein Radioiodination: Effect of Aspartate for Glutamate Substitution. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051223. [PMID: 29783774 PMCID: PMC6099567 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The residualizing prosthetic agent Nε-(3-[*I]iodobenzoyl)-Lys5-Nα-maleimido-Gly1-d-GEEEK ([*I]IB-Mal-d-GEEEK) showed promise for the radioiodination of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind to internalizing molecular targets. Although enhanced tumor uptake was achieved in these studies, elevated kidney accumulation also was observed, particularly with low-molecular-weight, single-domain antibody fragments (sdAbs). Here, we developed an analogous agent (IB-Mal-d-GDDDK), in which glutamate residues (E) were replaced with aspartates (D) to determine whether this modification could decrease renal uptake. [125I]IB-Mal-d-GDDDK and [131I]IB-Mal-d-GEEEK were synthesized with similar radiochemical yields (60–80%) and coupled to the anti-HER2 sdAb 5F7 at 50–60% efficiency. Paired-label internalization assays in vitro indicated similar levels of intracellular activity residualization in HER2-expressing BT474M1 cells for [125I]IB-Mal-d-GDDDK-5F7 and [131I]IB-Mal-d-GEEEK-5F7. A paired-label biodistribution comparison of the two labeled conjugates was performed in mice with HER2-expressing SKOV-3 xenografts, and the results of this study indicated that renal uptake at 1 h was 127.5 ± 18.7% ID/g and 271.4 ± 66.6% ID/g for [125I]IB-Mal-d-GDDDK-5F7 and [131I]IB-Mal-d-GEEEK-5F7, respectively. The tumor uptake of the two radioconjugates was not significantly different. These results demonstrate that substitution of E with D in the IB-Mal-d-GEEEK construct reduced kidney accumulation of the sdAb. However, renal activity levels need to be reduced further if d-amino acid derived prosthetic agents are to be of practical value for labeling low molecular weight biomolecules such as sdAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pruszynski
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
- Present address: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Choong Mo Kang
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
- Present address: Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Eftychia Koumarianou
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
- Present address: Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | | | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vaidyanathan G, McDougald D, Choi J, Pruszynski M, Koumarianou E, Zhou Z, Zalutsky MR. N-Succinimidyl 3-((4-(4-[(18)F]fluorobutyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-5-(guanidinomethyl)benzoate ([(18)F]SFBTMGMB): a residualizing label for (18)F-labeling of internalizing biomolecules. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1261-71. [PMID: 26645790 PMCID: PMC4720566 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02258d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Residualizing labeling methods for internalizing peptides and proteins are designed to trap the radionuclide inside the cell after intracellular degradation of the biomolecule. The goal of this work was to develop a residualizing label for the (18)F-labeling of internalizing biomolecules based on a template used successfully for radioiodination. N-Succinimidyl 3-((4-(4-[(18)F]fluorobutyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-5-(bis-Boc-guanidinomethyl)benzoate ([(18)F]SFBTMGMB-Boc2) was synthesized by a click reaction of an azide precursor and [(18)F]fluorohexyne in 8.5 ± 2.8% average decay-corrected radiochemical yield (n = 15). An anti-HER2 nanobody 5F7 was labeled with (18)F using [(18)F]SFBTMGMB ([(18)F]RL-I), obtained by the deprotection of [(18)F]SFBTMGMB-Boc2, in 31.2 ± 6.7% (n = 5) conjugation efficiency. The labeled nanobody had a radiochemical purity of >95%, bound to HER2-expressing BT474M1 breast cancer cells with an affinity of 4.7 ± 0.9 nM, and had an immunoreactive fraction of 62-80%. In summary, a novel residualizing prosthetic agent for labeling biomolecules with (18)F has been developed. An anti-HER2 nanobody was labeled using this prosthetic group with retention of affinity and immunoreactivity to HER2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Vaidyanathan
- Department of Radiology and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pruszynski M, Koumarianou E, Vaidyanathan G, Chitneni S, Zalutsky MR. D-Amino acid peptide residualizing agents bearing N-hydroxysuccinimido- and maleimido-functional groups and their application for trastuzumab radioiodination. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 42:19-27. [PMID: 25240914 PMCID: PMC4268387 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proteins that undergo receptor-mediated endocytosis are subject to lysosomal degradation, requiring radioiodination methods that minimize loss of radioactivity from tumor cells after this process occurs. To accomplish this, we developed the residualizing radioiodination agent N(ϵ)-(3-[(*)I]iodobenzoyl)-Lys(5)-N(α)-maleimido-Gly(1)-D-GEEEK (Mal-D-GEEEK-[(*)I]IB), which enhanced tumor uptake but also increased kidney activity and necessitates generation of sulfhydryl moieties on the protein. The purpose of the current study was to synthesize and evaluate a new D-amino acid based agent that might avoid these potential problems. METHODS N(α)-(3-iodobenzoyl)-(5-succinimidyloxycarbonyl)-D-EEEG (NHS-IB-D-EEEG), which contains 3 D-glutamates to provide negative charge and a N-hydroxysuccinimide function to permit conjugation to unmodified proteins, and the corresponding tin precursor were produced by solid phase peptide synthesis and subsequent conjugation with appropriate reagents. Radioiodination of the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab using NHS-IB-D-EEEG and Mal-D-GEEEK-IB was compared. Paired-label internalization assays on BT474 breast carcinoma cells and biodistribution studies in athymic mice bearing BT474M1 xenografts were performed to evaluate the two radioiodinated D-peptide trastuzumab conjugates. RESULTS NHS-[(131)I]IB-D-EEEG was produced in 53.8%±13.4% and conjugated to trastuzumab in 39.5%±7.6% yield. Paired-label internalization assays with trastuzumab-NHS-[(131)I]IB-D-EEEG and trastuzumab-Mal-D-GEEEK-[(125)I]IB demonstrated similar intracellular trapping for both conjugates at 1h ((131)I, 84.4%±6.1%; (125)I, 88.6%±5.2%) through 24h ((131)I, 60.7%±6.8%; (125)I, 64.9%±6.9%). In the biodistribution experiment, tumor uptake peaked at 48 h (trastuzumab-NHS-[(131)I]IB-D-EEEG, 29.8%±3.6%ID/g; trastuzumab-Mal-D-GEEEK-[(125)I]IB, 45.3%±5.3%ID/g) and was significantly higher for (125)I at all time points. In general, normal tissue levels were lower for trastuzumab-NHS-[(131)I]IB-D-EEEG, with the differences being greatest in kidneys ((131)I, 2.2%±0.4%ID/g; (125)I, 16.9%±2.8%ID/g at 144 h). CONCLUSION NHS-[(131)I]IB-D-EEEG warrants further evaluation as a residualizing radioiodination agent for labeling internalizing antibodies/fragments, particularly for applications where excessive renal accumulation could be problematic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pruszynski
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Satish Chitneni
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Choi J, Vaidyanathan G, Koumarianou E, McDougald D, Pruszynski M, Osada T, Lahoutte T, Lyerly HK, Zalutsky MR. N-Succinimidyl guanidinomethyl iodobenzoate protein radiohalogenation agents: influence of isomeric substitution on radiolabeling and target cell residualization. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:802-12. [PMID: 25156548 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION N-succinimidyl 4-guanidinomethyl-3-[(*)I]iodobenzoate ([(*)I]SGMIB) has shown promise for the radioiodination of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and other proteins that undergo extensive internalization after receptor binding, enhancing tumor targeting compared to direct electrophilic radioiodination. However, radiochemical yields for [(131)I]SGMIB synthesis are low, which we hypothesize is due to steric hindrance from the Boc-protected guanidinomethyl group ortho to the tin moiety. To overcome this, we developed the isomeric compound, N-succinimidyl 3-guanidinomethyl-5-[(131)I]iodobenzoate (iso-[(131)I]SGMIB) wherein this bulky group was moved from ortho to meta position. METHODS Boc2-iso-SGMIB standard and its tin precursor, N-succinimidyl 3-((1,2-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)guanidino)methyl)-5-(trimethylstannyl)benzoate (Boc2-iso-SGMTB), were synthesized using two disparate routes, and iso-[*I]SGMIB synthesized from the tin precursor. Two HER2-targeted vectors - trastuzumab (Tras) and a nanobody 5F7 (Nb) - were labeled using iso-[(*)I]SGMIB and [(*)I]SGMIB. Paired-label internalization assays in vitro with both proteins, and biodistribution in vivo with trastuzumab, labeled using the two isomeric prosthetic agents were performed. RESULTS When the reactions were performed under identical conditions, radioiodination yields for the synthesis of Boc2-iso-[(131)I]SGMIB were significantly higher than those for Boc2-[(131)I]SGMIB (70.7±2.0% vs 56.5±5.5%). With both Nb and trastuzumab, conjugation efficiency also was higher with iso-[(131)I]SGMIB than with [(131)I]SGMIB (Nb, 33.1±7.1% vs 28.9±13.0%; Tras, 45.1±4.5% vs 34.8±10.3%); however, the differences were not statistically significant. Internalization assays performed on BT474 cells with 5F7 Nb indicated similar residualizing capacity over 6h; however, at 24h, radioactivity retained intracellularly for iso-[(131)I]SGMIB-Nb was lower than for [(125)I]SGMIB-Nb (46.4±1.3% vs 56.5±2.5%); similar results were obtained using Tras. Likewise, a paired-label biodistribution of Tras labeled using iso-[(125)I]SGMIB and [(131)I]SGMIB indicated an up to 22% tumor uptake advantage at later time points for [(131)I]SGMIB-Tras. CONCLUSION Given the higher labeling efficiency obtained with iso-SGMIB, this residualizing agent might be of value for use with shorter half-life radiohalogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeon Choi
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Darryl McDougald
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marek Pruszynski
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Takuya Osada
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - H Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sugiura G, Kühn H, Sauter M, Haberkorn U, Mier W. Radiolabeling strategies for tumor-targeting proteinaceous drugs. Molecules 2014; 19:2135-65. [PMID: 24552984 PMCID: PMC6271853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19022135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their large size proteinaceous drugs offer higher operative information content compared to the small molecules that correspond to the traditional understanding of druglikeness. As a consequence these drugs allow developing patient-specific therapies that provide the means to go beyond the possibilities of current drug therapy. However, the efficacy of these strategies, in particular "personalized medicine", depends on precise information about individual target expression rates. Molecular imaging combines non-invasive imaging methods with tools of molecular and cellular biology and thus bridges current knowledge to the clinical use. Moreover, nuclear medicine techniques provide therapeutic applications with tracers that behave like the diagnostic tracer. The advantages of radioiodination, still the most versatile radiolabeling strategy, and other labeled compounds comprising covalently attached radioisotopes are compared to the use of chelator-protein conjugates that are complexed with metallic radioisotopes. With the techniques using radioactive isotopes as a reporting unit or even the therapeutic principle, care has to be taken to avoid cleavage of the radionuclide from the protein it is linked to. The tracers used in molecular imaging require labeling techniques that provide site specific conjugation and metabolic stability. Appropriate choice of the radionuclide allows tailoring the properties of the labeled protein to the application required. Until the event of positron emission tomography the spectrum of nuclides used to visualize cellular and biochemical processes was largely restricted to iodine isotopes and 99m-technetium. Today, several nuclides such as 18-fluorine, 68-gallium and 86-yttrium have fundamentally extended the possibilities of tracer design and in turn caused the need for the development of chemical methods for their conjugation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant Sugiura
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Helen Kühn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Max Sauter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boswell CA, Marik J, Elowson MJ, Reyes NA, Ulufatu S, Bumbaca D, Yip V, Mundo EE, Majidy N, Van Hoy M, Goriparthi SN, Trias A, Gill HS, Williams SP, Junutula JR, Fielder PJ, Khawli LA. Enhanced tumor retention of a radiohalogen label for site-specific modification of antibodies. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9418-26. [PMID: 24131491 DOI: 10.1021/jm401365h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A known limitation of iodine radionuclides for labeling and biological tracking of receptor targeted proteins is the tendency of iodotyrosine to rapidly diffuse from cells following endocytosis and lysosomal degradation. In contrast, radiometal-chelate complexes such as indium-111-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (In-111-DOTA) accumulate within target cells due to the residualizing properties of the polar, charged metal-chelate-amino acid adduct. Iodine radionuclides boast a diversity of nuclear properties and chemical means for incorporation, prompting efforts to covalently link radioiodine with residualizing molecules. Herein, we describe the Ugi-assisted synthesis of [I-125]HIP-DOTA, a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl (HIP) derivative of DOTA, and demonstration of its residualizing properties in a murine xenograft model. Overall, this study displays the power of multicomponent synthesis to yield a versatile radioactive probe for antibodies across multiple therapeutic areas with potential applications in both preclinical biodistribution studies and clinical radioimmunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Andrew Boswell
- Genentech Research and Early Development, 1 DNA Way MS 463A , South San Francisco 94080, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|