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Yip V, Saad OM, Leipold D, Li C, Kamath A, Shen BQ. Monomethyl Auristatin E (MMAE), a Payload for Multiple Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs), Demonstrates Differential Red Blood Cell Partitioning Across Human and Animal Species. Xenobiotica 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38647387 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2024.2345849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Background: Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) has been used as a payload for several Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). It is known that MMAE is released from the ADC following binding, internalization and proteolytic degradation in target tissues. A striking discrepancy in systemic MMAE levels has been observed across species with 50-fold higher MMAE levels in human than that in rodents when normalized by ADC dose with unknown mechanism.Hypothesis and purpose: Multiple factors could affect systemic MMAE levels such as production and elimination of unconjugated MMAE following ADC dosing. In this study, we have explored whether MMAE displays differential red blood cell (RBC) partitioning across species that may contribute to the different MMAE levels seen between human and animals.Experiments: To determine MMAE RBC partitioning, tritium labeled MMAE ([3H]-MMAE) was incubated in whole blood from mice, rats, monkeys and humans in vitro, then RBC partitioning was determined and compared across species. To test whether MMAE released from the ADC would show any difference in RBC partitioning, pinatuzumab vedotin or polatuzumab vedotin was administered to mice, rats, and monkeys. MMAE levels were measured in both blood and plasma, and the ratios of MMAE levels were calculated as blood-to-plasma ratio (in vivo RBC partitioning).Results: Our in vitro data showed that unconjugated MMAE has a species-dependent RBC partitioning with strong RBC partitioning in mouse, rat, followed by monkey blood, whereas minimal RBC partitioning was seen in human blood. Incubation of 2 nM of MMAE in mouse blood resulted in a blood-to-plasma ratio of 11.8 ± 0.291, followed by rat, monkey, and human at 2.36 ± 0.0825, 1.57 ± 0.0250, and 0.976 ± 0.0620, respectively. MMAE RBC partitioning is also concentration-dependent, with an inverse relationship between RBC partitioning and MMAE concentration (higher RBC partitioning at lower concentration). In vivo dosing of pinatuzumab vedotin in mouse displayed systemic MMAE at about a 5-fold higher blood concentration compared to plasma concentration once MMAE reached a pseudo-equilibrium, while systemic MMAE from blood and plasma concentration showed a 1.65-fold difference in rat.Implication and conclusion: These data demonstrated that MMAE has a distinct RBC partitioning across different species, which may contribute to, at least in part, to the differential in the systemic MMAE levels observed in vivo between preclinical and clinical studies. These findings highlight the importance of fully characterizing the ADME properties of both the ADC and its payload, to enable better translation from animals to human for ADC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Yip
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Ola M Saad
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Doug Leipold
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Chunze Li
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Amrita Kamath
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Ben-Quan Shen
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080
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Yadav R, Sukumaran S, Lutman J, Mitra MS, Halpern W, Sun T, Setiadi AF, Neighbors M, Sheng XR, Yip V, Shen BQ, Liu C, Han L, Ovacik AM, Wu Y, Glickstein S, Kunder R, Arron JR, Pan L, Kamath AV, Stefanich EG. Utilizing PK and PD Biomarkers to Guide the First-in-Human Starting Dose Selection of MTBT1466A: A Novel Humanized Monoclonal Anti-TGFβ3 Antibody for the Treatment of Fibrotic Diseases. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2910-2920. [PMID: 37429356 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
MTBT1466A is a high-affinity TGFβ3-specific humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody with reduced Fc effector function, currently under investigation in clinical trials as a potential anti-fibrotic therapy. Here, we characterized the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of MTBT1466A in mice and monkeys and predicted the PK/PD of MTBT1466A in humans to guide the selection of the first-in-human (FIH) starting dose. MTBT1466A demonstrated a typical IgG1-like biphasic PK profile in monkeys, and the predicted human clearance of 2.69 mL/day/kg and t1/2 of 20.4 days are consistent with those expected for a human IgG1 antibody. In a mouse model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, changes in expression of TGFβ3-related genes, serpine1, fibronectin-1, and collagen 1A1 were used as PD biomarkers to determine the minimum pharmacologically active dose of 1 mg/kg. Unlike in the fibrosis mouse model, evidence of target engagement in healthy monkeys was only observed at higher doses. Using a PKPD-guided approach, the recommended FIH dose of 50 mg, IV, provided exposures that were shown to be safe and well tolerated in healthy volunteers. MTBT1466A PK in healthy volunteers was predicted reasonably well using a PK model with allometric scaling of PK parameters from monkey data. Taken together, this work provides insights into the PK/PD behavior of MTBT1466A in preclinical species, and supports the translatability of the preclinical data into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajbharan Yadav
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Siddharth Sukumaran
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Lutman
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mayur S Mitra
- Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Halpern
- Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tianhe Sun
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - X Rebecca Sheng
- Translational Medicine, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victor Yip
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ben-Quan Shen
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lyrialle Han
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ayse Meric Ovacik
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sara Glickstein
- Early Clinical Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Kunder
- Early Clinical Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Arron
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lin Pan
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amrita V Kamath
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric G Stefanich
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Balakrishnan A, Jah A, Lesurtel M, Andersson B, Gibbs P, Harper SJF, Huguet EL, Kosmoliaptsis V, Liau SS, Praseedom RK, Ramia JM, Branes A, Lendoire J, Maithel S, Serrablo A, Achalandabaso M, Adham M, Ahmet A, Al-Sarireh B, Albiol Quer M, Alconchel F, Alejandro R, Alsammani M, Alseidi A, Anand A, Anselmo A, Antonakis P, Arabadzhieva E, de Aretxabala X, Aroori S, Ashley S, Ausania F, Banerjee A, Barabino M, Bartlett A, Bartsch F, Belli A, Beristain-Hernandez J, Berrevoet F, Bhatti A, Bhojwani R, Bjornsson B, Blaz T, Byrne M, Calvo M, Castellanos J, Castro M, Cavallucci D, Chang D, Christodoulis G, Ciacio O, Clavien P, Coker A, Conde-Rodriguez M, D'Amico F, D'Hondt M, Daams F, Dasari B, De Beillis M, de Meijer V, Dede K, Deiro G, Delgado F, Desai G, Di Gioia A, Di Martino M, Dixon M, Dorovinis P, Dumitrascu T, Ebata T, Eilard M, Erdmann J, Erkan M, Famularo S, Felli E, Fergadi M, Fernandez G, Fox A, Galodha S, Galun D, Ganandha S, Garcia R, Gemenetzis G, Giannone F, Gil L, Giorgakis E, Giovinazzo F, Giuffrida M, Giuliani T, Giuliante F, Gkekas I, Goel M, Goh B, Gomes A, Gruenberger T, Guevara O, Gulla A, Gupta A, Gupta R, Hakeem A, Hamid H, Heinrich S, Helton S, Heumann A, Higuchi R, Hughes D, Inarejos B, Ivanecz A, Iwao Y, Iype S, Jaen I, Jie M, Jones R, Kacirek K, Kalayarasan R, Kaldarov A, Kaman L, Kanhere H, Kapoor V, Karanicolas P, Karayiannakis A, Kausar A, Khan Z, Kim DS, Klose J, Knowles B, Koh P, Kolodziejczyk P, Komorowski A, Koong J, Kozyrin I, Krishna A, Kron P, Kumar N, van Laarhoven S, Lakhey P, Lanari J, Laurenzi A, Leow V, Limbu Y, Liu YB, Lob S, Lolis E, Lopez-Lopez V, Lozano R, Lundgren L, Machairas M, Magouliotis D, Mahamid A, Malde D, Malek A, Malik H, Malleo G, Marino M, Mayo S, Mazzola M, Memeo R, Menon K, Menzulin R, Mohan R, Morgul H, Moris D, Mulita F, Muttillo E, Nahm C, Nandasena M, Nashidengo P, Nickkholgh A, Nikov A, Noel C, O'Reilly D, O'Rourke T, Ohtsuka M, Omoshoro-Jones J, Pandanaboyana S, Pararas N, Patel R, Patkar S, Peng J, Perfecto A, Perinel J, Perivoliotis K, Perra T, Phan M, Piccolo G, Porcu A, Primavesi F, Primrose J, Pueyo-Periz E, Radenkovic D, Rammohan A, Rowcroft A, Sakata J, Saladino E, Schena C, Scholer A, Schwarz C, Serrano P, Silva M, Soreide K, Sparrelid E, Stattner S, Sturesson C, Sugiura T, Sumo M, Sutcliffe R, Teh C, Teo J, Tepetes K, Thapa P, Thepbunchonchai A, Torres J, Torres O, Torzili G, Tovikkai C, Troncoso A, Tsoulfas G, Tuzuher A, Tzimas G, Umar G, Urbani L, Vanagas T, Varga, Velayutham V, Vigano L, Wakai T, Yang Z, Yip V, Zacharoulis D, Zakharov E, Zimmitti G. Heterogeneity of management practices surrounding operable gallbladder cancer - results of the OMEGA-S international HPB surgical survey. HPB (Oxford) 2022; 24:2006-2012. [PMID: 35922277 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive, uncommon malignancy, with variation in operative approaches adopted across centres and few large-scale studies to guide practice. We aimed to identify the extent of heterogeneity in GBC internationally to better inform the need for future multicentre studies. METHODS A 34-question online survey was disseminated to members of the European-African Hepatopancreatobiliary Association (EAHPBA), American Hepatopancreatobiliary Association (AHPBA) and Asia-Pacific Hepatopancreatobiliary Association (A-PHPBA) regarding practices around diagnostic workup, operative approach, utilization of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies and surveillance strategies. RESULTS Two hundred and three surgeons responded from 51 countries. High liver resection volume units (>50 resections/year) organised HPB multidisciplinary team discussion of GBCs more commonly than those with low volumes (p < 0.0001). Management practices exhibited areas of heterogeneity, particularly around operative extent. Contrary to consensus guidelines, anatomical liver resections were favoured over non-anatomical resections for T3 tumours and above, lymphadenectomy extent was lower than recommended, and a minority of respondents still routinely excised the common bile duct or port sites. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest some similarities in the management of GBC internationally, but also specific areas of practice which differed from published guidelines. Transcontinental collaborative studies on GBC are necessary to establish evidence-based practice to minimise variation and optimise outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Balakrishnan
- Department of HPB Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Asif Jah
- Department of HPB Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mickael Lesurtel
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Beaujon Hospital, University of Paris Cité, 100 Bd du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France
| | - Bodil Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul Gibbs
- Department of HPB Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J F Harper
- Department of HPB Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel L Huguet
- Department of HPB Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Vasilis Kosmoliaptsis
- Department of HPB Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Siong S Liau
- Department of HPB Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Raaj K Praseedom
- Department of HPB Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M Ramia
- Department of Surgery, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Avenida Pintor Baeza, 12 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Alejandro Branes
- Department of HPB Surgery, Hospital Sotero del Rio, Av. Concha y Toro 3459, Puente Alto, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Javier Lendoire
- Department of Surgery, University of Buenos Aires, Hospital Dr Cosme Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Shishir Maithel
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA
| | - Alejandro Serrablo
- Department of HPB Surgery, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
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De Souza S, Kahol de Jong J, Jones R, Reeves H, Shetty S, Orr J, Bettinger D, Yip V, Temperley L, Geh D, Qurashi M, Allen B, Sturm L, Banerjee A, Ross P, Sharma R. 716P Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on clinical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicentre cohort study. Ann Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9472550 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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Zacharias N, Podust VN, Kajihara KK, Leipold D, Del Rosario G, Thayer D, Dong E, Paluch M, Fischer D, Zheng K, Lei C, He J, Ng C, Su D, Liu L, Masih S, Sawyer W, Tinianow J, Marik J, Yip V, Li G, Chuh J, Morisaki JH, Park S, Zheng B, Hernandez-Barry H, Loyet KM, Xu M, Kozak KR, Phillips GL, Shen BQ, Wu C, Xu K, Yu SF, Kamath A, Rowntree RK, Reilly D, Pillow T, Polson A, Schellenberger V, Hazenbos WLW, Sadowsky J. A homogeneous high-DAR antibody-drug conjugate platform combining THIOMAB antibodies and XTEN polypeptides. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3147-3160. [PMID: 35414872 PMCID: PMC8926172 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05243h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a well-validated modality for the cell-specific delivery of small molecules with impact expanding rapidly beyond their originally-intended purpose of treating cancer. However, antibody-mediated delivery (AMD)...
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir N Podust
- Amunix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2 Tower Place South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | | | | | - Desiree Thayer
- Amunix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2 Tower Place South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Emily Dong
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Maciej Paluch
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - David Fischer
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Kai Zheng
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Corinna Lei
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Jintang He
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Carl Ng
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Dian Su
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Luna Liu
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | - William Sawyer
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Jeff Tinianow
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Jan Marik
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Victor Yip
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Guangmin Li
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Josefa Chuh
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | - Summer Park
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Bing Zheng
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | - Kelly M Loyet
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Min Xu
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | | | - Ben-Quan Shen
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Cong Wu
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Amrita Kamath
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | | | - Thomas Pillow
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Andrew Polson
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | | | - Jack Sadowsky
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
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Balogun M, Millette D, Yip V, Chan SA, Lee P, Gamal N, Hashim N, Phillips D, Walsh M, Trehan P, Hanna-Bashara L, Abdullah A, Wernham A, Tso S. Phenotypic spectrum of serious cutaneous-only adverse event following immunization with COVID-19 vaccines: a multicentre case series and literature review. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 47:614-616. [PMID: 34748655 PMCID: PMC8653198 DOI: 10.1111/ced.15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Balogun
- Birmingham Skin Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Millette
- Department of Dermatology, The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK
| | - V Yip
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - S A Chan
- Birmingham Skin Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Lee
- Birmingham Skin Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - N Gamal
- Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - N Hashim
- Department of Dermatology, Clatterbridge Hospital, Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bebington, UK
| | - D Phillips
- Department of Dermatology, Clatterbridge Hospital, Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bebington, UK
| | - M Walsh
- Department of Dermatology, St Helens and Knowsley NHS Foundation Trust, Prescot, UK
| | - P Trehan
- Department of Dermatology, St Helens and Knowsley NHS Foundation Trust, Prescot, UK
| | - L Hanna-Bashara
- Department of Dermatology, St Helens and Knowsley NHS Foundation Trust, Prescot, UK
| | - A Abdullah
- Department of Dermatology, The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK
| | - A Wernham
- Department of Dermatology, Walsall Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Walsall, UK
| | - S Tso
- Jephson Dermatology Centre, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Warwick, UK
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Yip V, Figueroa I, Latifi B, Masih S, Ng C, Leipold D, Kamath A, Shen BQ. Anti-Lymphocyte Antigen 6 Complex, Locus E- Seco-Cyclopropabenzindol-4-One-Dimer Antibody-Drug Conjugate That Forms Adduct with α1-Microglobulin Demonstrates Slower Systemic Antibody Clearance and Reduced Tumor Distribution in Animals. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:1247-1256. [PMID: 33020064 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-Ly6E-seco-cyclopropabenzindol-4-one dimer antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) has been reported to form an adduct with α1-microglobulin (A1M) in animal plasma, but with unknown impact on ADC PK and tissue distribution. In this study, we compared the PK and tissue distribution of anti-Ly6E ADC with unconjugated anti-Ly6E mAb in rodents and monkeys. For PK studies, animals received an intravenous administration of anti-Ly6E ADC or unconjugated anti-Ly6E mAb. Plasma samples were analyzed for total antibody (Tab) levels and A1M adduct formation. PK parameters were generated from dose-normalized plasma concentrations. Tissue distribution was determined in tumor-bearing mice after a single intravenous dosing of radiolabeled ADC or mAb. Tissue radioactivity levels were analyzed using a gamma counter. The impact of A1M adduct formation on target cell binding was assessed in an in vitro cell binding assay. The results show that ADC Tab clearance was slower than that of mAb in mice and rats but faster than mAb in monkeys. Correspondingly, the formation of A1M adduct appeared to be faster and higher in mice, followed by rats, and slowest in monkeys. Although ADC tended to show an overall lower distribution to normal tissues, it had a strikingly reduced distribution to tumors compared with mAb, likely due to A1M adduct formation interfering with target binding, as demonstrated by the in vitro cell binding assay. Together, these data 1) demonstrate that anti-Ly6E ADC that forms A1M adduct had slower systemic clearance with strikingly reduced tumor distribution and 2) highlight the importance of selecting an appropriate linker-drug for successful ADC development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Anti-lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus E, ADC with seco-cyclopropabenzindol-4-one-dimer payload formed adduct with A1M, which led to a decrease in systemic clearance but also attenuated tumor distribution. These findings demonstrate the importance of selecting an appropriate linker-drug for ADC development and also highlight the value of a mechanistic understanding of ADC biotransformation, which could provide insight into ADC molecule design, optimization, and selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Yip
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics (V.Y., I.F., B.L., S.M., D.L., A.K., B.-Q.S.) and Bio-Analytical Sciences (C.N.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Isabel Figueroa
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics (V.Y., I.F., B.L., S.M., D.L., A.K., B.-Q.S.) and Bio-Analytical Sciences (C.N.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Brandon Latifi
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics (V.Y., I.F., B.L., S.M., D.L., A.K., B.-Q.S.) and Bio-Analytical Sciences (C.N.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Shab Masih
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics (V.Y., I.F., B.L., S.M., D.L., A.K., B.-Q.S.) and Bio-Analytical Sciences (C.N.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Carl Ng
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics (V.Y., I.F., B.L., S.M., D.L., A.K., B.-Q.S.) and Bio-Analytical Sciences (C.N.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Doug Leipold
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics (V.Y., I.F., B.L., S.M., D.L., A.K., B.-Q.S.) and Bio-Analytical Sciences (C.N.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Amrita Kamath
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics (V.Y., I.F., B.L., S.M., D.L., A.K., B.-Q.S.) and Bio-Analytical Sciences (C.N.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Ben-Quan Shen
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics (V.Y., I.F., B.L., S.M., D.L., A.K., B.-Q.S.) and Bio-Analytical Sciences (C.N.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
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8
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Cai H, Yip V, Lee MV, Wong S, Saad O, Ma S, Ljumanovic N, Khojasteh SC, Kamath AV, Shen BQ. Characterization of Tissue Distribution, Catabolism, and Elimination of an Anti- Staphylococcus aureus THIOMAB Antibody-Antibiotic Conjugate in Rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:1161-1168. [PMID: 32839277 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive Staphylococcus aureus infection is a leading cause of infectious disease-related deaths because S. aureus survives within host phagocytic cells, from which the bacteria are not adequately eliminated using current antibiotic treatments. Anti-S. aureus THIOMAB antibody-antibiotic conjugate (TAC), an anti-S. aureus antibody conjugated with antibiotic payload dmDNA31, was designed to deliver antibiotics into phagocytes, thereby killing intracellular S. aureus Herein, we present the distribution, metabolism/catabolism, and elimination properties for this modality. The tissue distribution of TAC and the release and elimination of its payload dmDNA31 were characterized in rats using multiple approaches. Intravenous injection of unconjugated [14C]dmDNA31 to rats resulted in a rapid clearance in both systemic circulation and tissues, with biliary secretion as the major route of elimination. Six major metabolites were identified. When [14C]dmDNA31 was conjugated to an antibody as TAC and administered to rat intravenously, a sustained exposure was observed in both systemic circulation and tissues. The dmDNA31 in blood and tissues mainly remained in conjugated form after administering TAC, although minimal deconjugation of dmDNA31 from TAC was also observed. Several TAC catabolites were identified, which were mainly eliminated through the biliary-fecal route, with dmDNA31 and deacetylated dmDNA31 as the most abundant catabolites. In summary, these studies provide a comprehensive characterization of the distribution, metabolism/catabolism, and elimination properties of TAC. These data fully support further clinical development of TAC for the invasive and difficult-to-treat S. aureus infection. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The present studies provide a comprehensive investigation of the absorption, distribution, metabolism/catabolism, and elimination of the first antibody-antibiotic conjugate developed for the treatment of an infectious disease. Although many antibody-drug conjugates are in development for various disease indications, only a limited amount of absorption, distribution, metabolism/catabolism, and elimination information is available in the literature. This study demonstrates the use of radiolabeling technology to delineate the absorption, distribution, metabolism/catabolism, and elimination properties of a complex modality and help address the key questions related to clinical pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cai
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (H.C., V.Y., A.V.K., B.-Q.S.), BioAnalytical Sciences (M.V.L., S.W., O.S.), Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C.K.), and Safety Assessment (N.L.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Victor Yip
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (H.C., V.Y., A.V.K., B.-Q.S.), BioAnalytical Sciences (M.V.L., S.W., O.S.), Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C.K.), and Safety Assessment (N.L.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - M Violet Lee
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (H.C., V.Y., A.V.K., B.-Q.S.), BioAnalytical Sciences (M.V.L., S.W., O.S.), Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C.K.), and Safety Assessment (N.L.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Sylvia Wong
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (H.C., V.Y., A.V.K., B.-Q.S.), BioAnalytical Sciences (M.V.L., S.W., O.S.), Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C.K.), and Safety Assessment (N.L.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Ola Saad
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (H.C., V.Y., A.V.K., B.-Q.S.), BioAnalytical Sciences (M.V.L., S.W., O.S.), Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C.K.), and Safety Assessment (N.L.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Shuguang Ma
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (H.C., V.Y., A.V.K., B.-Q.S.), BioAnalytical Sciences (M.V.L., S.W., O.S.), Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C.K.), and Safety Assessment (N.L.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Nina Ljumanovic
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (H.C., V.Y., A.V.K., B.-Q.S.), BioAnalytical Sciences (M.V.L., S.W., O.S.), Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C.K.), and Safety Assessment (N.L.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - S Cyrus Khojasteh
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (H.C., V.Y., A.V.K., B.-Q.S.), BioAnalytical Sciences (M.V.L., S.W., O.S.), Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C.K.), and Safety Assessment (N.L.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Amrita V Kamath
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (H.C., V.Y., A.V.K., B.-Q.S.), BioAnalytical Sciences (M.V.L., S.W., O.S.), Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C.K.), and Safety Assessment (N.L.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Ben-Quan Shen
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (H.C., V.Y., A.V.K., B.-Q.S.), BioAnalytical Sciences (M.V.L., S.W., O.S.), Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C.K.), and Safety Assessment (N.L.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
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9
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Sheel ARG, Baron RD, Dickerson LD, Ghaneh P, Campbell F, Raraty MGT, Yip V, Halloran CM, Neoptolemos JP. The Liverpool duodenum-and spleen-preserving near-total pancreatectomy can provide long-term pain relief in patients with end-stage chronic pancreatitis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2019; 404:831-840. [PMID: 31748872 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-019-01837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Total pancreatectomy may improve symptoms in patients with severe end-stage chronic pancreatitis. This might be achieved whilst preserving both the duodenum- and spleen-(DPSPTP). Mature clinical outcomes of this approach are presented. METHODS Single-centre prospective cohort study performed between September 1996 and May 2016. Demographic, clinical details, pain scores and employment status were prospectively recorded during clinic attendance. RESULTS Fifty-one patients (33 men, 18 women) with a median (interquartile range) age of 40.8 (35.3-49.4) years, a median weight of 69.8 (61.0-81.5) Kg and a median body mass index of 23.8 (21.5-27.8), underwent intended duodenum-and spleen-preserving near-total pancreatectomy for end-stage chronic pancreatitis. Aetiology was excess alcohol in 25, idiopathic (no mutation) in 15, idiopathic (SPINK-1/CFTR mutations) in two, hereditary (PRSS1 mutation) in seven and one each post-necrotising pancreatitis and obstructive pancreatic duct divisum in 1. The main indication for surgery was severe pain. Findings included parenchymal calcification in 79% and ductal calculi in 24%, a dilated main pancreatic duct in 57% and a dilated main bile duct in 17%, major vascular involvement in 27% and pancreato-peritoneal fistula in 2%. Postoperative complications occurred in 20 patients with two deaths. Median pain scores were 8 (7-8) preoperatively and 3 (0.25-5.75) at 5 years (p = 0.013). Opiate analgesic use was significantly reduced postoperatively (p = 0.048). Following surgery, 22 (63%) of 38 patients of working age re-entered employment compared with 12 (33%) working preoperatively (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION Duodenum-and spleen-preserving near-total pancreatectomy provided long-term relief in adult patients with intractable chronic pancreatitis pain, with improved employment prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R G Sheel
- Department of Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - R D Baron
- Department of Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - L D Dickerson
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - P Ghaneh
- Department of Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - F Campbell
- Department of Histopathology, The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - M G T Raraty
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - V Yip
- The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK
| | - C M Halloran
- Department of Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - J P Neoptolemos
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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10
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Hay D, Ryan G, Somasundaram M, Yip V, Navaratne L. Laparoscopic management of a migrated intragastric balloon causing mechanical small bowel obstruction: a case report and review of the literature. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2019; 101:e172-e177. [PMID: 31672034 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2019.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intragastric balloons have been used as an invasive non-surgical treatment for obesity for over 30 years. Within the last 37 years, we have found only 27 cases reported in the literature of intestinal obstruction caused by a migrated intragastric balloon. We report the laparoscopic management of such a case and make observations from similar case presentations published in the literature. A 26-year-old woman had an intragastric balloon placed endoscopically for weight control 13 months previously. She presented to the emergency department with a four-day history of intermittent abdominal cramps and vomiting. Contrast enhanced computed tomography confirmed the presence of the intragastric balloon within the small bowel. At laparoscopic retrieval, the deflated intragastric balloon was found impacted in the terminal ileum approximately 15 cm from the ileocaecal valve. The balloon was retrieved by enterotomy and primary closure of the ileum without event. The risk of balloon deflation and subsequent migration increases over time but several published cases demonstrate that this complication can occur within six months of insertion. The initial approach to the treatment of migrated intragastric balloons causing small bowel obstruction should be determined by the location of impaction, severity of obstruction and the available skill set of the attending radiologist, endoscopist and/or surgeon. Balloons causing obstruction in the duodenum are likely amenable to endoscopic retrieval whereas impaction within the jejunum or ileum could be managed by percutaneous needle aspiration (in selected cases), endoscopy (double-balloon enteroscopy), laparoscopy or open surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hay
- Department of General Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - G Ryan
- Department of General Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Somasundaram
- Department of General Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - V Yip
- Department of General Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - L Navaratne
- Department of General Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
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11
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Lombana TN, Rajan S, Zorn JA, Mandikian D, Chen EC, Estevez A, Yip V, Bravo DD, Phung W, Farahi F, Viajar S, Lee S, Gill A, Sandoval W, Wang J, Ciferri C, Boswell CA, Matsumoto ML, Spiess C. Production, characterization, and in vivo half-life extension of polymeric IgA molecules in mice. MAbs 2019; 11:1122-1138. [PMID: 31122132 PMCID: PMC6748581 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1622940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA antibodies have broad potential as a novel therapeutic platform based on their superior receptor-mediated cytotoxic activity, potent neutralization of pathogens, and ability to transcytose across mucosal barriers via polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR)-mediated transport, compared to traditional IgG-based drugs. However, the transition of IgA into clinical development has been challenged by complex expression and characterization, as well as rapid serum clearance that is thought to be mediated by glycan receptor scavenging of recombinantly produced IgA monomer bearing incompletely sialylated N-linked glycans. Here, we present a comprehensive biochemical, biophysical, and structural characterization of recombinantly produced monomeric, dimeric and polymeric human IgA. We further explore two strategies to overcome the rapid serum clearance of polymeric IgA: removal of all N-linked glycosylation sites creating an aglycosylated polymeric IgA and engineering in FcRn binding with the generation of a polymeric IgG-IgA Fc fusion. While previous reports and the results presented in this study indicate that glycan-mediated clearance plays a major role for monomeric IgA, systemic clearance of polymeric IgA in mice is predominantly controlled by mechanisms other than glycan receptor clearance, such as pIgR-mediated transcytosis. The developed IgA platform now provides the potential to specifically target pIgR expressing tissues, while maintaining low systemic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Noelle Lombana
- a Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Sharmila Rajan
- b Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Julie A Zorn
- c Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Danielle Mandikian
- b Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Eugene C Chen
- d Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Alberto Estevez
- c Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Victor Yip
- b Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Daniel D Bravo
- e Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Wilson Phung
- f Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Farzam Farahi
- a Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Sharon Viajar
- a Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Sophia Lee
- a Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Avinash Gill
- a Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- f Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jianyong Wang
- e Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Claudio Ciferri
- c Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - C Andrew Boswell
- b Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Marissa L Matsumoto
- c Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Christoph Spiess
- a Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
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12
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Rajan S, Lombaba NT, Mandikian D, Boswell A, Yip V, Bravo-Perez D, Chen E, Wang J, Phung W, Lee S, Farahi F, Estevez A, Gill A, Sandoval W, Viajar S, Ciferri C, Matsumoto M, Spiess C. Optimizing the pharmacokinetic properties of polymeric IgA in mice. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.131.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IgA antibodies have broad potential as a novel therapeutic platform based on their superior receptor-mediated cytotoxic activity, potent neutralization of pathogens, and ability to transcytose across mucosal barriers via polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR)-mediated transport, compared to traditional IgG-based drugs. However, the transition of IgA into clinical development has been challenged by complex expression and characterization, as well as rapid serum clearance. Here, we present the biochemical, biophysical, and structural characterization of recombinantly produced monomeric, dimeric and polymeric human IgA. We further explore two strategies to overcome the rapid serum clearance of polymeric IgA, which may enable the IgA platform the potential to specifically target pIgR expressing tissues, while maintaining low systemic exposure. This strategy may thus allow for targeting antigens previously untenable with conventional IgG1, while allowing for lower drug exposure in non-targeted regions.
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13
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Leipold DD, Figueroa I, Masih S, Latifi B, Yip V, Shen BQ, Dere RC, Carrasco-Triguero M, Lee MV, Saad OM, Liu L, He J, Su D, Xu K, Vuillemenot BR, Laing ST, Schutten M, Kozak KR, Zheng B, Polson AG, Kamath AV. Preclinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of DCLL9718A: An antibody-drug conjugate for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. MAbs 2018; 10:1312-1321. [PMID: 30183491 PMCID: PMC6284592 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1517565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Few treatment options are available for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. DCLL9718A is an antibody-drug conjugate that targets C-type lectin-like molecule-1 (CLL-1). This receptor is prevalent on monocytes, neutrophils, and AML blast cells, and unlike CD33, is not expressed on hematopoietic stem cells, thus providing possible hematopoietic recovery. DCLL9718A comprises an anti-CLL-1 IgG1 antibody (MCLL0517A) linked to a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer payload, via a cleavable disulfide-labile linker. Here, we characterize the in vitro and in vivo stability, the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of DCLL9718A and MCLL0517A in rodents and cynomolgus monkeys. Three key PK analytes were measured in these studies: total antibody, antibody-conjugated PBD dimer and unconjugated PBD dimer. In vitro, DCLL9718A, was stable with most (> 80%) of the PBD dimer payload remaining conjugated to the antibody over 96 hours. This was recapitulated in vivo with antibody-conjugated PBD dimer clearance estimates similar to DCLL9718A total antibody clearance. Both DCLL9718A and MCLL0517A showed linear PK in the non-binding rodent species, and non-linear PK in cynomolgus monkeys, a binding species. The PK data indicated minimal impact of conjugation on the disposition of DCLL9718A total antibody. Finally, in cynomolgus monkey, MCLL0517A showed target engagement at all doses tested (0.5 and 20 mg/kg) as measured by receptor occupancy, and DCLL9718A (at doses of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) showed strong PD activity as evidenced by notable reduction in monocytes and neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas D. Leipold
- Preclinical Translational Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Isabel Figueroa
- Preclinical Translational Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shabkhaiz Masih
- Preclinical Translational Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brandon Latifi
- Preclinical Translational Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victor Yip
- Preclinical Translational Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ben-Quan Shen
- Preclinical Translational Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Randall C. Dere
- Bioanalytical Sciences Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - M. Violet Lee
- Bioanalytical Sciences Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ola M. Saad
- Bioanalytical Sciences Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Luna Liu
- Bioanalytical Sciences Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jintang He
- Bioanalytical Sciences Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dian Su
- Bioanalytical Sciences Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Keyang Xu
- Bioanalytical Sciences Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Steven T. Laing
- Safety Assessment Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Schutten
- Safety Assessment Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine R. Kozak
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bing Zheng
- Translational Oncology Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew G. Polson
- Translational Oncology Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amrita V. Kamath
- Preclinical Translational Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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14
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Kleeff J, Stöß C, Yip V, Knoefel WT. [Resection for advanced pancreatic cancer following multimodal therapy]. Chirurg 2016; 87:406-12. [PMID: 27138271 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-016-0184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer patients presenting with borderline resectable or locally advanced unresectable tumors remain a therapeutic challenge. Despite the lack of high quality randomized controlled trials, perioperative neoadjuvant treatment strategies are often employed for this group of patients. At present the FOLFIRINOX regimen, which was established in the palliative setting, is the backbone of neoadjuvant therapy, whereas local ablative treatment, such as stereotactic irradiation and irreversible electroporation are currently under investigation. Resection after modern multimodal neoadjuvant therapy follows the same principles and guidelines as upfront surgery specifically regarding the extent of resection, e.g. lymphadenectomy, vascular resection and multivisceral resection. Because it is still exceedingly difficult to predict tumor response after neoadjuvant therapy, a special treatment approach is necessary. In the case of localized stable disease following neoadjuvant therapy, aggressive surgical exploration with serial frozen sections at critical (vascular) margins might be necessary to minimize the risk of debulking procedures and maximize the chance of a curative resection. A multidisciplinary and individualized approach is mandatory in this challenging group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kleeff
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Prescot Street, L7 8XP, Liverpool, UK. .,Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| | - C Stöß
- Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - V Yip
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Prescot Street, L7 8XP, Liverpool, UK
| | - W T Knoefel
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
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15
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Dickmann LJ, Yip V, Li C, Abundes J, Maia M, Young C, Stainton S, Hass PE, Joseph SB, Prabhu S, Boswell CA. Evaluation of Fluorophotometry to Assess the Vitreal Pharmacokinetics of Protein Therapeutics. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 56:6991-9. [PMID: 26513505 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this work, we assessed the ability of fluorophotometry to measure the vitreal pharmacokinetics (PK) of fluorescently-labeled ranibizumab in the rabbit after intravitreal injection. We compared these values to those obtained using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Data obtained in this study were also compared to historical ranibizumab ocular PK data, either measured in-house or previously published. METHODS Three individual in vivo studies were performed in New Zealand White rabbits to assess the feasibility of using fluorophotometry to measure rabbit ocular PK of ranibizumab; explore the dynamic range of dosing fluorescently-labeled ranibizumab; and directly compare ranibizumab concentrations and calculated PK parameters measured by vitreal fluorophotometry to those measured using ELISA. RESULTS In direct comparisons between fluorophotometry and ELISA, the calculated clearance (CL) values were 0.26 and 0.21 mL/day, the volumes of distribution at steady state (Vss) were 0.80 and 0.94 mL, the half-lives (t₁/₂) were 3.1 and 2.9 days and the dose normalized areas under the curve (AUC/D) were 4.7 and 3.9 μg·day/mL/μg, respectively. These values fell within the ranges of 0.13 to 0.44 mL/day for CL, 0.5 to 1.8 mL for Vss, 2.8 to 3.5 days for t1/2, and 2.3 to 7.9 μg·day/mL/μg for AUC/D that have been either measured previously in-house or published elsewhere. CONCLUSIONS Although not suitable for measuring retinal concentrations, fluorophotometry is a valuable, noninvasive method to measure vitreous concentrations of protein therapeutics after intravitreal injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie J Dickmann
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Victor Yip
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Cuiwen Li
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Juan Abundes
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Mauricio Maia
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Cynthia Young
- Department of In Vivo Studies, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Shannon Stainton
- Department of In Vivo Studies, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Philip E Hass
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Sean B Joseph
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Saileta Prabhu
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - C Andrew Boswell
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States
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Wei ZL, Nguyen MT, O’Mahony DJ, Acevedo A, Zipfel S, Zhang Q, Liu L, Dourado M, Chi C, Yip V, DeFalco J, Gustafson A, Emerling DE, Kelly MG, Kincaid J, Vincent F, Duncton MA. Identification of orally-bioavailable antagonists of the TRPV4 ion-channel. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4011-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Kamath AV, Yip V, Gupta P, Boswell CA, Bumbaca D, Haughney P, Castro J, Tsai SP, Pacheco G, Ross S, Yan M, Damico-Beyer LA, Khawli L, Shen BQ. Dose dependent pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and anti-tumor efficacy of a humanized monoclonal antibody against DLL4 in mice. MAbs 2015; 6:1631-7. [PMID: 25484068 PMCID: PMC4622559 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.36107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Delta-like-4 ligand (DLL4) plays an important role in vascular development and is widely expressed on the vasculature of normal and tumor tissues. Anti-DLL4 is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody against DLL4. The purpose of these studies was to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK), tissue distribution, and anti-tumor efficacy of anti-DLL4 in mice over a range of doses. PK and tissue distribution of anti-DLL4 were determined in athymic nude mice after administration of single intravenous (IV) doses. In the tissue distribution study, radiolabeled anti-DLL4 (mixture of 125Iodide and 111Indium) was administered in the presence of increasing amounts of unlabeled anti-DLL4. Dose ranging anti-DLL4 anti-tumor efficacy was evaluated in athymic nude mice bearing MV522 human lung tumor xenografts. Anti-DLL4 had nonlinear PK in mice with rapid serum clearance at low doses and slower clearance at higher doses suggesting the involvement of target mediated clearance. Consistent with the PK data, anti-DLL4 was shown to specifically distribute to several normal tissues known to express DLL4 including the lung and liver. Maximal efficacy in the xenograft model was seen at doses ≥ 10 mg/kg when tissue sinks were presumably saturated, consistent with the PK and tissue distribution profiles. These findings highlight the importance of mechanistic understanding of antibody disposition to enable dosing strategies for maximizing efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita V Kamath
- a Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics; Genentech, Inc ; South San Francisco , CA USA
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Pillow TH, Tien J, Parsons-Reponte KL, Bhakta S, Li H, Staben LR, Li G, Chuh J, Fourie-O'Donohue A, Darwish M, Yip V, Liu L, Leipold DD, Su D, Wu E, Spencer SD, Shen BQ, Xu K, Kozak KR, Raab H, Vandlen R, Lewis Phillips GD, Scheller RH, Polakis P, Sliwkowski MX, Flygare JA, Junutula JR. Site-specific trastuzumab maytansinoid antibody-drug conjugates with improved therapeutic activity through linker and antibody engineering. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7890-9. [PMID: 25191794 DOI: 10.1021/jm500552c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have a significant impact toward the treatment of cancer, as evidenced by the clinical activity of the recently approved ADCs, brentuximab vedotin for Hodgkin lymphoma and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (trastuzumab-MCC-DM1) for metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. DM1 is an analog of the natural product maytansine, a microtubule inhibitor that by itself has limited clinical activity and high systemic toxicity. However, by conjugation of DM1 to trastuzumab, the safety was improved and clinical activity was demonstrated. Here, we report that through chemical modification of the linker-drug and antibody engineering, the therapeutic activity of trastuzumab maytansinoid ADCs can be further improved. These improvements include eliminating DM1 release in the plasma and increasing the drug load by engineering four cysteine residues into the antibody. The chemical synthesis of highly stable linker-drugs and the modification of cysteine residues of engineered site-specific antibodies resulted in a homogeneous ADC with increased therapeutic activity compared to the clinically approved ADC, trastuzumab-MCC-DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Pillow
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Yip V, Palma E, Tesar DB, Mundo EE, Bumbaca D, Torres EK, Reyes NA, Shen BQ, Fielder PJ, Prabhu S, Khawli LA, Boswell CA. Quantitative cumulative biodistribution of antibodies in mice: effect of modulating binding affinity to the neonatal Fc receptor. MAbs 2014; 6:689-96. [PMID: 24572100 PMCID: PMC4011913 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.28254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) plays an important and well-known role in antibody recycling in endothelial and hematopoietic cells and thus it influences the systemic pharmacokinetics (PK) of immunoglobulin G (IgG). However, considerably less is known about FcRn's role in the metabolism of IgG within individual tissues after intravenous administration. To elucidate the organ distribution and gain insight into the metabolism of humanized IgG1 antibodies with different binding affinities FcRn, comparative biodistribution studies in normal CD-1 mice were conducted. Here, we generated variants of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D-specific antibody (humanized anti-gD) with increased and decreased FcRn binding affinity by genetic engineering without affecting antigen specificity. These antibodies were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cell lines, purified and paired radiolabeled with iodine-125 and indium-111. Equal amounts of I-125-labeled and In-111-labeled antibodies were mixed and intravenously administered into mice at 5 mg/kg. This approach allowed us to measure both the real-time IgG uptake (I-125) and cumulative uptake of IgG and catabolites (In-111) in individual tissues up to 1 week post-injection. The PK and distribution of the wild-type IgG and the variant with enhanced binding for FcRn were largely similar to each other, but vastly different for the rapidly cleared low-FcRn-binding variant. Uptake in individual tissues varied across time, FcRn binding affinity, and radiolabeling method. The liver and spleen emerged as the most concentrated sites of IgG catabolism in the absence of FcRn protection. These data provide an increased understanding of FcRn's role in antibody PK and catabolism at the tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Yip
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics; Genentech Research & Early Development; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Enzo Palma
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics; Genentech Research & Early Development; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Devin B Tesar
- Drug Delivery Department; Pharma Technical Development, Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Eduardo E Mundo
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics; Genentech Research & Early Development; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Daniela Bumbaca
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics; Genentech Research & Early Development; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Elizabeth K Torres
- Non-Clinical Operations; Genentech Research & Early Development; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Noe A Reyes
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics; Genentech Research & Early Development; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Ben Q Shen
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics; Genentech Research & Early Development; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Paul J Fielder
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics; Genentech Research & Early Development; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Saileta Prabhu
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics; Genentech Research & Early Development; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Leslie A Khawli
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics; Genentech Research & Early Development; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - C Andrew Boswell
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics; Genentech Research & Early Development; South San Francisco, CA USA
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Boswell CA, Marik J, Elowson MJ, Reyes NA, Ulufatu S, Bumbaca D, Yip V, Mundo EE, Majidy N, Van Hoy M, Goriparthi SN, Trias A, Gill HS, Williams SP, Junutula JR, Fielder PJ, Khawli LA. Enhanced tumor retention of a radiohalogen label for site-specific modification of antibodies. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9418-26. [PMID: 24131491 DOI: 10.1021/jm401365h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A known limitation of iodine radionuclides for labeling and biological tracking of receptor targeted proteins is the tendency of iodotyrosine to rapidly diffuse from cells following endocytosis and lysosomal degradation. In contrast, radiometal-chelate complexes such as indium-111-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (In-111-DOTA) accumulate within target cells due to the residualizing properties of the polar, charged metal-chelate-amino acid adduct. Iodine radionuclides boast a diversity of nuclear properties and chemical means for incorporation, prompting efforts to covalently link radioiodine with residualizing molecules. Herein, we describe the Ugi-assisted synthesis of [I-125]HIP-DOTA, a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl (HIP) derivative of DOTA, and demonstration of its residualizing properties in a murine xenograft model. Overall, this study displays the power of multicomponent synthesis to yield a versatile radioactive probe for antibodies across multiple therapeutic areas with potential applications in both preclinical biodistribution studies and clinical radioimmunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Andrew Boswell
- Genentech Research and Early Development, 1 DNA Way MS 463A , South San Francisco 94080, United States
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Yip V, Michael BD, Nahser HC, Smith D. Arteriovenous malformation: a rare cause of trigeminal neuralgia identified by magnetic resonance imaging with constructive interference in steady state sequences. QJM 2012; 105:895-8. [PMID: 21873633 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcr141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V Yip
- The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Fazakerly, UK
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Misra N, Grimes N, Stattner S, Yip V, Poston G. 108. Continuing changes in the epidemiology of gastric and oesophageal cancer – An analysis of trends in national incidence in England between 1971 and 2008. Eur J Surg Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2012.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Cho WCS, Yip TTC, Ngan RKC, Yip TT, Podust VN, Yip C, Yiu HHY, Yip V, Cheng WW, Ma VWS, Law SCK. ProteinChip array profiling for identification of disease- and chemotherapy-associated biomarkers of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Chem 2007; 53:241-50. [PMID: 17200135 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2005.065805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously used ProteinChip array profiling analysis to discover a serum biomarker associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, we used the same method to examine other biomarkers associated with NPC and response to chemotherapy (CT) in NPC patients. METHODS We performed ProteinChip array analysis in 209 serum samples from 66 relapsed patients before and after salvage CT with gemcitabine and cisplatin or etoposide and cisplatin combinations, 11 patients in remission, and 35 healthy individuals. Intensities of the biomarker peaks were correlated with CT response of the patients and other clinical parameters. RESULTS We discovered 13 candidate biomarkers associated with different clinical parameters. Two biomarkers (2803 and 3953 Da) were significantly increased in patients compared with controls at all stages of disease. Analysis of pre- and post-CT paired serum samples revealed 7 biomarkers correlated with impact of CT. Of these 7 biomarkers, 2 (2509 and 2756 Da) were significantly increased and 5 (7588, 7659, 7765, 7843, and 8372 Da) were significantly decreased post-CT in either 1 or both CT cohorts. Four biomarkers from pre-CT sera were correlated with CT response, with 3 (2950, 13 510, and 14 855 Da) being significantly decreased and 1 (6701 Da) significantly increased in patients who did not respond to CT. Tandem mass spectrometric sequencing and/or immunoaffinity capture assay identified the 3953 Da biomarker as a fragment of interalpha-trypsin inhibitor precursor and 7765 Da biomarker as platelet factor-4. CONCLUSIONS Treatment-associated serum biomarkers found might serve to triage NPC patients for appropriate CT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C S Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, The People's Republic of China
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24
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Cho WCS, Yip TTC, Yip C, Yip V, Thulasiraman V, Ngan RKC, Yip TT, Lau WH, Au JSK, Law SCK, Cheng WW, Ma VWS, Lim CKP. Identification of Serum Amyloid A Protein As a Potentially Useful Biomarker to Monitor Relapse of Nasopharyngeal Cancer by Serum Proteomic Profiling. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:43-52. [PMID: 14734450 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-0413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a common cancer in Hong Kong, and relapse can occur frequently. Using protein chip profiling analysis, we aimed to identify serum biomarkers that were useful in the diagnosis of relapse in NPC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Profiling analysis was performed on 704 sera collected from 42 NPC patients, 39 lung cancer patients, 30 patients with the benign metabolic disorder thyrotoxicosis (TX), and 35 normal individuals (NM). Protein profile in each NPC patient during clinical follow up was correlated with the relapse status. RESULTS Profiling analysis identified two biomarkers with molecular masses of 11.6 and 11.8 kDa, which were significantly elevated in 22 of 31 (71%) and 21 of 31 (68%) NPC patients, respectively, at the time of relapse (RP) as compared with 11 patients in complete remission (CR; RP versus CR, P = 0.009), 30 TX (RP versus TX, P < 0.001), or 35 NM (RP versus NM, P < 0.001). The markers were also elevated in 16 of 39 (41%) lung cancer patients at initial diagnosis. By tryptic digestion, followed by tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation, the markers were identified as two isoforms of serum amyloid A (SAA) protein. Monitoring the patients longitudinally for SAA level both by protein chip and immunoassay showed a dramatic SAA increase, which correlated with relapse and a drastic fall correlated with response to salvage chemotherapy. Serum SAA findings were compared with those of serum Epstein-Barr virus DNA in three relapsed patients showing a similar correlation with relapse and chemo-response. CONCLUSIONS SAA could be a useful biomarker to monitor relapse of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C S Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, The People's Republic of China
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25
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Poon TCW, Yip TT, Chan ATC, Yip C, Yip V, Mok TSK, Lee CCY, Leung TWT, Ho SKW, Johnson PJ. Comprehensive proteomic profiling identifies serum proteomic signatures for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma and its subtypes. Clin Chem 2003; 49:752-60. [PMID: 12709366 DOI: 10.1373/49.5.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) is difficult. We investigated the use of comprehensive proteomic profiling of sera to differentiate HCC from CLD. METHODS Proteomes in sera from 20 CLD patients with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) <500 microg/L (control group) and 38 HCC patients (disease group) were profiled by anion-exchange fractionation (first dimension), two types (IMAC3 copper and WCX2) of ProteinChip Arrays (second dimension), and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (third dimension). Bioinformatic tests were used to identify tumor-specific proteomic features and to estimate the values of the tumor-specific proteomic features in the diagnosis of HCC. Cross-validation was performed, and we also validated the models with pooled sera from the control and disease groups, serum from a CLD patient with AFP >500 microg/L, and postoperative sera from two HCC patients. RESULTS Among 2384 common serum proteomic features, 250 were significantly different between the HCC and CLD cases. Two-way hierarchical clustering differentiated HCC and CLD cases. Most HCC cases with advanced disease were clustered together and formed two subgroups that contained significantly more cases with lymph node invasion or distant metastasis. For differentiation of HCC and CLD by an artificial network (ANN), the area under the ROC curve was 0.91 (95% confidence interval, 0.82-1.01; P <0.0005) for all cases and 0.954 (95% confidence interval, 0.881-1.027; P <0.0005) for cases with nondiagnostic serum AFP (<500 microg/L). At a specificity of 90%, the sensitivity was 92%. Both cluster analysis and ANN correctly classified the pooled serum samples, the CLD serum sample with increased AFP, and the HCC patient in complete remission. CONCLUSION Tumor-specific proteomic signatures may be useful for detection and classification of hepatocellular cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence C W Poon
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, the People's Republic of China
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Ho SC, Chan SG, Yip V, Chan C, Law CL. F160 Physical activity, climacteric symptoms and bone mass in Hong Kong perimenopausal women. Maturitas 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5122(97)81123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Yip V, Arntfield S, Hydamaka A. Potential for Stainless Steel Microfiltration Processing to Reduce Effluent from a Fluid Milk and Ice Cream Processing Plant. J Dairy Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(96)76417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yip V, Carter JG, Pusateri ME, McDougal DB, Lowry OH. Distribution in brain and retina of four enzymes of acetyl CoA synthesis in relation to choline acetyl transferase and acetylcholine esterase. Neurochem Res 1991; 16:629-35. [PMID: 1686472 DOI: 10.1007/bf00965548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Eleven regions of mouse brain and twelve layers of monkey retina were assayed for choline acetyl transferase (ChAT), acetylcholine esterase (AChE), and 4 enzymes that synthesize acetyl CoA. The purpose was to seek evidence concerning the source of acetyl CoA for acetylcholine generation. In brain ATP citrate lyase was strongly correlated with ChAT as well as AChE (r = 0.914 in both cases). Weak, but statistically significant correlation, was observed between ChAT and both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial thiolase, whereas there was a significant negative correlation between ChAT and acetyl thiokinase. In retina ChAT was essentially limited to the inner plexiform and ganglion cell layers, whereas substantial AChE activity extended as well into inner nuclear, outer plexiform and fiber layers, but no further. ATP citrate lyase activity was also highest in the inner four retinal layers, but was not strongly correlated with either ChAT or AChE (r = 0.724 and 0.761, respectively). Correlation between ChAT and acetyl thiokinase was at least as strong (r = 0.757), and in the six inner layers of retina, the correlation between ChAT and acetylthiokinase was very strong (r = 0.932).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Yip
- Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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McDougal DB, Ferrendelli JA, Yip V, Pusateri ME, Carter JG, Chi MM, Norris B, Manchester J, Lowry OH. Use of nonradioactive 2-deoxyglucose to study compartmentation of brain glucose metabolism and rapid regional changes in rate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:1357-61. [PMID: 2304903 PMCID: PMC53474 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.4.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A method is presented for measuring rapid changes in the rate of glucose phosphorylation in mouse brain with nonradioactive 2-deoxyglucose (DG). After times as short as 1 min after DG injection, the mouse is frozen rapidly, and selected brain regions are analyzed enzymatically for DG, 2-deoxyglucose 6-phosphate (DG6P), and glucose. The rate of glucose phosphorylation can be directly calculated from the rate of change in DG6P, the average levels of DG and glucose, and a constant derived from direct comparison of the rate of changes in glucose and DG6P after decapitation. Experiments with large brain samples provided evidence for a 2% per min loss of DG6P and at least two compartments differing in their rates of glucose metabolism, one rapidly entered by DG with glucose phosphorylation almost double that of average brain and another more slowly entered with a much lower phosphorylation rate. The method is illustrated by changes in phosphorylation within 2 min after injection of a convulsant or an anesthetic and over a 48-min time course with and without anesthesia. The sensitivity of the analytical methods can be amplified as much as desired by enzymatic cycling. Consequently, the method is applicable to very small brain samples. Examples are given for regions with volumes of 5 x 10(-4) microliters, but studies with samples as small as single large cell bodies are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B McDougal
- Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
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Abstract
The distribution of glucose-1,6-bisphosphate (G16P2) synthase was measured in more than 70 regions of mouse brain, and nine layers of monkey retina. Activities in gray areas varied as much as 10-fold, in a hierarchical manner, from highest in telencephalon, especially the limbic system, to lowest in cerebellum, medulla, and spinal cord. The synthase levels were significantly correlated among different regions with G16P2 itself, as well as with previously published levels of a brain specific IMP-dependent G16P2 phosphatase. In contrast, neither G16P2 nor either its synthase or phosphatase correlated positively with phosphoglucomutase, and in all regions the G16P2 levels greatly exceeded requirements for activation of this mutase. This strengthens the view that G16P2 has some function besides serving as coenzyme for phosphoglucomutase. However, attempts to correlate the "G16P2 system," as defined by the three coordinately related elements, synthase, phosphatase, and G16P2, with other enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, or with regional data of Sokoloff et al. [J. Neurochem. 28, 897-916 (1977)] for glucose consumption, were unsuccessful. This leaves open the possibility that brain G16P2 might serve as a phosphate donor for specific nonmetabolic effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Yip
- Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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31
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Abstract
The activity of glucose-1,6-bisphosphatase and the level of its substrate were measured in 16 gray areas and four fiber areas of mouse brain and 10 layers or sublayers of monkey retina. Because of the low activity of the enzyme and the small sample sizes, it was necessary to develop a method with two different amplification steps (overall amplification about 10(6]. The enzyme ranged in activity 100-fold from a low in monkey retina photoreceptor cells to a high in the pyramidal layer of the hippocampus. However, in gray areas of the brain proper the range was only about fourfold. This, together with its requirement for IMP, suggests that the enzyme has a widespread metabolic function related to states of increased neuronal activity. Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate levels varied from 80 to 960 mu mol/kg dry weight in different areas of mouse brain and from 44 to 200 mu mol/kg dry weight in different layers of monkey retina. In general, the glucose bisphosphate levels correlated positively with the bisphosphatase activities; however, the three areas with the highest enzyme concentrations did not fit this pattern.
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