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Yamada K, Ohta M, Kitamura G, Tsutsumiguchi S, Nishi T. Facile synthesis of indole 3-acetic acid and azaindole 3-acetic acid derivatives. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Yamada K, Mishima N, Saito K, Nishi T. Synthesis and applications of 3-bromo-2-hydroxy-1-tosylazaindolines. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Motati DR, Amaradhi R, Ganesh T. Azaindole therapeutic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115830. [PMID: 33161343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Azaindole structural framework is an integral part of several biologically active natural and synthetic organic molecules; and several FDA approved drugs for various diseases. In the last decade, quite a number of literature reports appeared describing the pharmacology, biological activity and therapeutic applications of a variety of azaindole molecules. This prompted the organic and medicinal chemistry community to develop novel synthetic methods for various azaindoles and test them for a bioactivity against a variety of biological targets. Herein, we have summarized the biological activity of therapeutically advanced clinical candidates and several preclinical candidate drugs that contain azaindole structural moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damoder Reddy Motati
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Radhika Amaradhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Thota Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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Mandlik DS, Mandlik SK. New perspectives in bronchial asthma: pathological, immunological alterations, biological targets, and pharmacotherapy. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:521-544. [PMID: 32938247 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1824238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common, long-lasting inflammatory airway disease that affects more than 10% of the world population. It is characterized by bronchial narrowing, airway hyperresponsiveness, vasodilatation, airway edema, and stimulation of sensory nerve endings that lead to recurring events of breathlessness, wheezing, chest tightness, and coughing. It is the main reason for global morbidity and occurs as a result of the weakening of the immune system in response to exposure to allergens or environmental exposure. In asthma condition, it results in the activation of numerous inflammatory cells like the mast and dendritic cells along with the accumulation of activated eosinophils and lymphocytes at the inflammation site. The structural cells such as airway epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells release inflammatory mediators that promote the bronchial inflammation. Long-lasting bronchial inflammation can cause pathological alterations, viz. the improved thickness of the bronchial epithelium and friability of airway epithelial cells, epithelium fibrosis, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle, angiogenesis, and mucus gland hyperplasia. The stimulation of bronchial epithelial cell would result in the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that attract inflammatory cells into bronchial airways and plays an important role in asthma. Asthma patients who do not respond to marketed antiasthmatic drugs needed novel biological medications to regulate the asthmatic situation. The present review enumerates various types of asthma, etiological factors, and in vivo animal models for the induction of asthma. The underlying pathological, immunological mechanism of action, the role of inflammatory mediators, the effect of inflammation on the bronchial airways, newer treatment approaches, and novel biological targets of asthma have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa S Mandlik
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharat Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandawane, India
| | - Satish K Mandlik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon, Maharashtra, India
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Zhang Q, Ablajan K, Wang B, Ma H, Guo Z. One-Pot Synthesis of Indolizines Using TBHP as the Methylene Source Under Metal-Free Condition. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fine Chemicals; Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinjiang University; 830046 Urumqi PR China
| | - Keyume Ablajan
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fine Chemicals; Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinjiang University; 830046 Urumqi PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fine Chemicals; Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinjiang University; 830046 Urumqi PR China
| | - Huifang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fine Chemicals; Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinjiang University; 830046 Urumqi PR China
| | - Zhongqi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fine Chemicals; Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinjiang University; 830046 Urumqi PR China
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Zhang Q, Wang B, Ma H, Ablajan K. Transition-metal-free catalyzed [3+2] cycloadditions/oxidative aromatization reactions for the synthesis of annulated indolizines. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03076j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free catalyzed [3+2] cycloadditions/oxidative aromatization three-component reactions for direct construction of annulated indolizines was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fine Chemicals
- Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang University
- Urumqi 830046
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fine Chemicals
- Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang University
- Urumqi 830046
| | - Huifang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fine Chemicals
- Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang University
- Urumqi 830046
| | - Keyume Ablajan
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fine Chemicals
- Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang University
- Urumqi 830046
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Marone G, Galdiero MR, Pecoraro A, Pucino V, Criscuolo G, Triassi M, Varricchi G. Prostaglandin D 2 receptor antagonists in allergic disorders: safety, efficacy, and future perspectives. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 28:73-84. [PMID: 30513028 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1555237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is a major cyclooxygenase mediator that is synthesized by activated human mast cells and other immune cells. The biological effects of PGD2 are mediated by D-prostanoid (DP1), DP2 (CRTH2) and thromboxane prostanoid (TP) receptors that are expressed on several immune and non-immune cells involved in allergic inflammation. PGD2 exerts various proinflammatory effects relevant to the pathophysiology of allergic disorders. Several selective, orally active, DP2 receptor antagonists and a small number of DP1 receptor antagonists are being developed for the treatment of allergic disorders. AREAS COVERED The role of DP2 and DP1 receptor antagonists in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis. EXPERT OPINION Head-to-head studies that compare DP1 antagonists with the standard treatment for allergic rhinitis are necessary to verify the role of these novel drugs as mono- or combination therapies. Further clinical trials are necessary to verify whether DP2 antagonists as monotherapies or, more likely, as add-on therapies, will be effective for the treatment of different phenotypes of adult and childhood asthma. Long-term studies are necessary to evaluate the safety of targeted anti-PGD2 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Marone
- a Department of Public Health , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,b Monaldi Hospital Pharmacy , Naples , Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- c Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,d WAO Center of Excellence , Naples , Italy
| | - Antonio Pecoraro
- c Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,d WAO Center of Excellence , Naples , Italy
| | - Valentina Pucino
- e William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine &Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Gjada Criscuolo
- c Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,d WAO Center of Excellence , Naples , Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- a Department of Public Health , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- c Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,d WAO Center of Excellence , Naples , Italy
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Sandham DA, Barker L, Brown L, Brown Z, Budd D, Charlton SJ, Chatterjee D, Cox B, Dubois G, Duggan N, Hall E, Hatto J, Maas J, Manini J, Profit R, Riddy D, Ritchie C, Sohal B, Shaw D, Stringer R, Sykes DA, Thomas M, Turner KL, Watson SJ, West R, Willard E, Williams G, Willis J. Discovery of Fevipiprant (NVP-QAW039), a Potent and Selective DP 2 Receptor Antagonist for Treatment of Asthma. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:582-586. [PMID: 28523115 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Further optimization of an initial DP2 receptor antagonist clinical candidate NVP-QAV680 led to the discovery of a follow-up molecule 2-(2-methyl-1-(4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)acetic acid (compound 11, NVP-QAW039, fevipiprant), which exhibits improved potency on human eosinophils and Th2 cells, together with a longer receptor residence time, and is currently in clinical trials for severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Sandham
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Barker
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Lyndon Brown
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Zarin Brown
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - David Budd
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J. Charlton
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Devnandan Chatterjee
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Cox
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Gerald Dubois
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Duggan
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Hall
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Hatto
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Maas
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Jodie Manini
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Profit
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Riddy
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Ritchie
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Bindi Sohal
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Shaw
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Rowan Stringer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Sykes
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Thomas
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine L. Turner
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Watson
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan West
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Willard
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Williams
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Willis
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
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Efficacy and safety of setipiprant in seasonal allergic rhinitis: results from Phase 2 and Phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-referenced studies. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2017; 13:18. [PMID: 28392807 PMCID: PMC5379543 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-017-0183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antagonism of chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule on T-helper type-2 cells (CRTH2), a G-protein coupled receptor for prostaglandin D2, could be beneficial for treating allergic disorders. We present findings on the efficacy and safety/tolerability of a CRTH2 antagonist (setipiprant) in participants with seasonal allergic rhinitis (AR) in a real-life setting over 2 weeks. Methods A Phase 2 trial and a Phase 3 trial were conducted at seven centers in Texas, USA during the Mountain Cedar pollen season. Both were prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-referenced (cetirizine) studies. The Phase 2 trial assessed setipiprant 100–1000 mg b.i.d. and 1000 mg o.d. versus placebo in adult and elderly participants. The Phase 3 trial assessed setipiprant 1000 mg b.i.d. in adolescent, adult, and elderly participants. Efficacy was assessed using daytime nasal symptom scores (DNSS), night-time nasal symptom scores (NNSS) and daytime eye symptom scores (DESS). Results 579 participants were randomized in the Phase 2 trial (mean age 41.6–43.4 years); 630 were randomized in the Phase 3 trial (mean age 37.5–40.7 years). A statistically significant, dose-related improvement in mean change from baseline DNSS was observed over 2 weeks with setipiprant 1000 mg b.i.d. versus placebo in the Phase 2 trial (−0.15 [95% CI −0.29, −0.01]; p = 0.030). Setipiprant 1000 mg b.i.d. had no significant effect on this endpoint in the Phase 3 trial (−0.02 [95% CI −0.12, 0.07]; p = 0.652). Total and individual NNSS and DESS symptom scores were significantly improved with setipiprant 1000 mg b.i.d. versus placebo in the Phase 2 but not the Phase 3 trial. Setipiprant showed a favorable safety/tolerability profile. Conclusions The Phase 2 trial was the first large clinical study to assess a CRTH2 antagonist in seasonal AR in a real-life setting. Setipiprant dose-related efficacy in the Phase 2 trial was not confirmed during Phase 3. Setipiprant was well tolerated in both studies. Trial registration NCT01241214 and NCT01484119 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13223-017-0183-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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El-Gamal MI, Anbar HS. Recent advances of pyrrolopyridines derivatives: a patent and literature review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:591-606. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1280465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I. El-Gamal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanan S. Anbar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
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Gangwar RS, Landolina N, Arpinati L, Levi-Schaffer F. Mast cell and eosinophil surface receptors as targets for anti-allergic therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 170:37-63. [PMID: 27773785 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roopesh Singh Gangwar
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nadine Landolina
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ludovica Arpinati
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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Santini G, Mores N, Malerba M, Mondino C, Macis G, Montuschi P. Investigational prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonists for airway inflammation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:639-52. [PMID: 27094922 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1175434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION By activating DP1 and DP2 receptors on immune and non-immune cells, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), a major metabolic product of cyclo-oxygenase pathway released after IgE-mediated mast cell activation, has pro-inflammatory effects, which are relevant to the pathophysiology of allergic airway disease. At least 15 selective, orally active, DP2 receptor antagonists and one DP1 receptor antagonist (asapiprant) are under development for asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors cover the pharmacology of PGD2 and PGD2 receptor antagonists and look at the preclinical, phase I and phase II studies with selective DP1 and DP2 receptor antagonists. EXPERT OPINION Future research should aim to develop once daily compounds and increase the drug clinical potency which, apart from OC000459 and ADC-3680, seems to be relatively low. Further research and development of DP2 receptor antagonists is warranted, particularly in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma, whose management is a top priority. Pediatric studies, which are not available, are required for assessing the efficacy and safety of this novel drug class in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Studies on the efficacy of DP2 receptor antagonists in various asthma phenotypes including: smokers, obese subjects, early vs late asthma onset, fixed vs reversible airflow limitation, are required for establishing their pharmacotherapeutic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Santini
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Nadia Mores
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Mario Malerba
- b Department of Internal Medicine , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Chiara Mondino
- c Department of Allergology , 'Bellinzona e Valli' Hospital , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Macis
- d Department of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Paolo Montuschi
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
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Rajapaksa KS, Huang T, Sharma N, Liu S, Solon M, Reyes A, Paul S, Yee A, Tao J, Chalasani S, Bien-Ly N, Barck K, Carano RAD, Wang J, Rangell L, Bremer M, Danilenko DM, Katavolos P, Hotzel I, Reif K, Austin CD. Preclinical Safety Profile of a Depleting Antibody against CRTh2 for Asthma: Well Tolerated Despite Unexpected CRTh2 Expression on Vascular Pericytes in the Central Nervous System and Gastric Mucosa. Toxicol Sci 2016; 152:72-84. [PMID: 27103662 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CRTh2 is expressed on immune cells that drive asthma pathophysiology. Current treatment options for severe asthma are inadequate and therapeutic antibody-mediated depletion of CRTh2-expressing cells represents a promising new therapeutic strategy. Here we report for the first time that CRTh2 is not only expressed on immune cells, but also on microvasculature in the central nervous system (CNS) and gastric mucosa in humans. Microvascular expression of CRTh2 raises a safety concern because a therapeutic antiCRTh2 antibody with enhanced depletion capacity could lead to vascular damage. To evaluate this safety risk, we characterized microvascular expression in human and in transgenic mice expressing human CRTh2 protein (hCRTh2.BAC.Tg) and found that CRTh2 is not localized to microvascular endothelium that is directly exposed to circulating therapeutic antibody, but rather, to pericytes that in the CNS are shielded from direct circulatory exposure by the blood-brain barrier. Immunohistochemical visualization of an intravenously administered antiCRTh2 antibody in transgenic mice revealed localization to microvascular pericytes in the gastric mucosa but not in the CNS, suggesting the blood-brain barrier effectively limits pericyte exposure to circulating therapeutic antibody in the CNS. Repeated dosing with a depleting antiCRTh2 antibody in hCRTh2.BAC.Tg mice revealed linear pharmacokinetics and no drug-related adverse findings in any tissues, including the CNS and gastric mucosa, despite complete depletion of CRTh2 expressing circulating eosinophils and basophils. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that the likelihood of drug-related CNS or gastrointestinal toxicity in humans treated with a therapeutic depleting antiCRTh2 antibody is low despite pericyte expression of CRTh2 in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Meire Bremer
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | | | | | | | - Karin Reif
- Immunology Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics
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Sykes DA, Bradley ME, Riddy DM, Willard E, Reilly J, Miah A, Bauer C, Watson SJ, Sandham DA, Dubois G, Charlton SJ. Fevipiprant (QAW039), a Slowly Dissociating CRTh2 Antagonist with the Potential for Improved Clinical Efficacy. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 89:593-605. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.101832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Heck S, Nguyen J, Le DD, Bals R, Dinh QT. Pharmacological Therapy of Bronchial Asthma: The Role of Biologicals. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 168:241-52. [PMID: 26895179 DOI: 10.1159/000443930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous, complex, chronic inflammatory and obstructive pulmonary disease driven by various pathways to present with different phenotypes. A small proportion of asthmatics (5-10%) suffer from severe asthma with symptoms that cannot be controlled by guideline therapy with high doses of inhaled steroids plus a second controller, such as long-acting β2 agonists (LABA) or leukotriene receptor antagonists, or even systemic steroids. The discovery and characterization of the pathways that drive different asthma phenotypes have opened up new therapeutic avenues for asthma treatment. The approval of the humanized anti-IgE antibody omalizumab for the treatment of severe allergic asthma has paved the way for other cytokine-targeting therapies, particularly those targeting interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, IL-17, and IL-23 and the epithelium-derived cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Knowledge of the molecular basis of asthma phenotypes has helped, and continues to help, the development of novel biologicals that target a diverse array of phenotype-specific molecular targets in patients suffering from severe asthma. This review summarizes potential therapeutic approaches that are likely to show clinical efficacy in the near future, focusing on biologicals as promising novel therapies for severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Heck
- Department of Experimental Pneumology and Allergology, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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16
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Wang AX, Xu Landén N. New insights into T cells and their signature cytokines in atopic dermatitis. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:601-10. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ao-xue Wang
- Department of Dermatology; The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Ning Xu Landén
- Unit of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
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17
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Luu VT, Goujon JY, Meisterhans C, Frommherz M, Bauer C. Synthesis of a high specific activity methyl sulfone tritium isotopologue of fevipiprant (NVP-QAW039). J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 58:188-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Van T. Luu
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research; Forum 1 Novartis Campus; Basel CH-4056 Switzerland
| | - Jean-Yves Goujon
- Atlanchim Pharma; 3 rue Aronax Saint-Herblain Cedex F-44821 France
| | | | - Matthias Frommherz
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research; Forum 1 Novartis Campus; Basel CH-4056 Switzerland
| | - Carsten Bauer
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research; Forum 1 Novartis Campus; Basel CH-4056 Switzerland
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18
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Kaila N, Follows B, Leung L, Thomason J, Huang A, Moretto A, Janz K, Lowe M, Mansour TS, Hubeau C, Page K, Morgan P, Fish S, Xu X, Williams C, Saiah E. Discovery of Isoquinolinone Indole Acetic Acids as Antagonists of Chemoattractant Receptor Homologous Molecule Expressed on Th2 Cells (CRTH2) for the Treatment of Allergic Inflammatory Diseases. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1299-322. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401509e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neelu Kaila
- Pfizer Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Bruce Follows
- Pfizer Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Louis Leung
- Pfizer Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Jennifer Thomason
- Pfizer Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Adrian Huang
- Pfizer Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Alessandro Moretto
- Pfizer Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Kristin Janz
- Pfizer Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Michael Lowe
- Pfizer Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Tarek S. Mansour
- Pfizer Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Cedric Hubeau
- Pfizer Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Karen Page
- Pfizer Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Paul Morgan
- Pfizer Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Susan Fish
- Pfizer Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Xin Xu
- Pfizer Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Cara Williams
- Pfizer Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Eddine Saiah
- Pfizer Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
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19
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Sandham DA, Page CJ. Synthetic approaches to site selective deuterium incorporation in a novel CRTh2 receptor antagonist clinical candidate. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:175-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Sandham
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research; Horsham Research Centre; Wimblehurst Road Horsham RH12 5AB UK
| | - Christopher J. Page
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research; Horsham Research Centre; Wimblehurst Road Horsham RH12 5AB UK
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