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Kerayu BA, Hung CH, Vardhaman AK, Ayanie TA, Geneti BJ. 2,5-Thienylene-Strapped [26]Hexaphyrin as Multifunctional Chemosensor for Hg 2+, Cu 2+, and F - Ions. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301727. [PMID: 38400868 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The sensing behavior of 2,5-thienylene-bridged tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-[26]hexaphyrin (2) towards various metal ions and anions were investigated by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. Using this strapped hexaphyrin (2), the molecular sensor displayed highly selective and sensitive colorimetric responses to Cu2+ and Hg2+ in MeOH/THF. The spectral changes are distinctive enough in the visible region of the spectrum to enable naked-eye detection. The detection limits of Cu2+ and Hg2+ using this chemo-sensor in a mixed MeOH/THF solution were 1.978 and 1.283 μM, respectively, and 1.052 μM for F- in dichloromethane. Chemosensor 2,5-thienylene strapped [26]hexaphyrin (2) shows absorption responses both a 1 : 1 molecular ratio for 2 interacting with Cu2+ and Hg2+ and a 1 : 2 ratio between 2 and F- ions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen-Hsiung Hung
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Anil Kumar Vardhaman
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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2
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Toganoh M, Furuta H. Creation from Confusion and Fusion in the Porphyrin World─The Last Three Decades of N-Confused Porphyrinoid Chemistry. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8313-8437. [PMID: 35230807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Confusion is a novel concept of isomerism in porphyrin chemistry, delivering a steady stream of new chemistry since the discovery of N-confused porphyrin, a porphyrin mutant, in 1994. These days, the number of confused porphyrinoids is increasing, and confusion and associated fusion are found in various fields such as supramolecular chemistry, materials chemistry, biological chemistry, and catalysts. In this review, the birth and growth of confused porphyrinoids in the last three decades are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Toganoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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3
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Abraham JA, Mori S, Ishida M, Furuta H. Iridium Complex of N-Fused Bilatrienone: Oxidative Cleavage of N-Fused Porphyrin Induced by Iridium-Cyclooctadiene Complexation. Chemistry 2021; 27:8268-8272. [PMID: 33826197 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
N-fused porphyrin (NFP) is a unique class of photostable near-infrared dyes with an 18π aromatic tetrapyrrole macrocyclic skeleton containing a tri-fused pentacyclic moiety. Here, the synthesis of an iridium complex of N-fused bilatrienone is reported as the degradation product of Ir-cyclooctadiene (cod)-induced oxidative cleavage of NFP under aerobic conditions. Similar to the native bilin chromophores, the ring-opened complex featured a broken π-conjugation circuit and exhibited a broad visible absorption band. In contrast, metalation of NFP using an iridium(I)(cod) complex under an inert atmosphere resulted in the formation of a cod-isomerized (κ1 ,η3 -C8 H12 )-Ir complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibin Alex Abraham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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4
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Xu K, Zhang X, Liu G, Ma W, Yin Y, Yin Y, Chen X, Zhao X, Sessler JL, Zhang Z. Pyridazine-bridged expanded rosarin and semi-rosarinogen. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1486-1489. [PMID: 33443247 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07433k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the pyridazine-bridged expanded rosarin 1 and a reduced precursor, semi-rosarinogen 2, is reported. A single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 1 and theoretical calculations show that both 1 and 2 have distorted structures. Expanded rosarin 1 and its precursor 2 can differentiate various thiols in organic solvents by means of species-specific colour changes and reaction times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationality, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Xiaoshuai Zhang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guopeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationality, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Wanzun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationality, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Yu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationality, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Ying Yin
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationality, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Xinyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationality, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationality, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Toganoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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6
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Abstract
This review underscores the conformational flexibility of porphyrinoids, a unique class of functional molecules, starting from the smallest triphyrins(1.1.1) via [18]porphyrins(1.1.1.1) and concluding with a variety of expanded porphyrinoids and heteroporphyrinoids, including the enormous [96]tetracosaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0). The specific flexibility of porphyrinoids has been documented as instrumental in the designing or redesigning of macrocyclic frames, particularly in the search for adjustable platforms for coordination or organometallic chemistry, anion binding, or mechanistic switches in molecular devices. A structural prearrangement to coordinate one or more metal ions has been outlined. The coverage of the topic focuses on representative examples of geometry or conformational rearrangements for each selected class of the numerous porphyrinoids accordingly categorized by the number of built-in carbo- or heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał J Białek
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Pacholska-Dudziak
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Stępień M, Gońka E, Żyła M, Sprutta N. Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds: Synthetic Routes, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3479-3716. [PMID: 27258218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 861] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensionally extended, polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules (heterocyclic nanographenes) are a highly versatile class of organic materials, applicable as functional chromophores and organic semiconductors. In this Review, we discuss the rich chemistry of large heteroaromatics, focusing on their synthesis, electronic properties, and applications in materials science. This Review summarizes the historical development and current state of the art in this rapidly expanding field of research, which has become one of the key exploration areas of modern heterocyclic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Gońka
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marika Żyła
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natasza Sprutta
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract
Sensing of metal ions and anions is of great importance because of their widespread distribution in environmental systems and biological processes. Colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensors based on organic molecular species have been demonstrated to be effective for the detection of various ions and possess the significant advantages of low cost, high sensitivity, and convenient implementation. Of the available classes of organic molecules, porphyrin analogues possess inherently many advantageous features, making them suitable for the design of ion chemosensors, with the targeted sensing behavior achieved and easily modulated based on their following characteristics: (1) NH moieties properly disposed for binding of anions through cooperative hydrogen-bonding interactions; (2) multiple pyrrolic N atoms or other heteroatoms for selectively chelating metal ions; (3) variability of macrocycle size and peripheral substitution for modulation of ion selectivity and sensitivity; and (4) tunable near-infrared emission and good biocompatibility. In this Review, design strategies, sensing mechanisms, and sensing performance of ion chemosensors based on porphyrin analogues are described by use of extensive examples. Ion chemosensors based on normal porphyrins and linear oligopyrroles are also briefly described. This Review provides valuable information for researchers of related areas and thus may inspire the development of more practical and effective approaches for designing high-performance ion chemosensors based on porphyrin analogues and other relevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Ding
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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Ou Z, Chen X, Ye L, Xue S, Fang Y, Jiang X, Kadish KM. N-confusedmeso-tetraaryl-substituted free-base porphyrins: determination of protonation and deprotonation constants in nonaqueous media. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424614501132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The protonation and deprotonation reactions for a series N-confused meso-tetraaryl-substituted free-base porphyrins containing electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents was monitored in CHCl3and DMF by UV-visible spectroscopy during titrations with trifluoroacetic acid or tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide. The spectroscopic data was also used to calculate equilibrium constants for these reactions. The examined compounds are represented as (XPh)4NCPH2, where "NCP" represents the N-confused porphyrin π-conjugated macrocycle and X is a CH3O , CH3, H or Cl para-substituent on the four meso-phenyl rings (Ph) of the compound. The porphyrins can exist in two tautomeric forms depending upon the solvent and each tautomer undergoes two stepwise protonation reactions leading to formation of the mono- and bis-protonated porphyrins, [(XPh)4NCPH3]+and [(XPh)4NCPH4]2+. A single step deprotonation is observed for the same compounds in DMF and the product is assigned as [(XPh)4NCPH]-. Comparisons are made between UV-visible spectra of the protonated, neutral and deprotonated forms of the porphyrin and the effect of the porphyrin ring substituents and tautomeric form of the neutral porphyrin on the UV-visible spectra and protonation constants is discussed along with data from DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xueyan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lina Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Songlin Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston TX 77204-5003, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston TX 77204-5003, USA
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston TX 77204-5003, USA
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Xue S, Ou Z, Ye L, Lu G, Fang Y, Jiang X, Kadish KM. Effect of Solvent and Protonation/Deprotonation on Electrochemistry, Spectroelectrochemistry and Electron-Transfer Mechanisms of N-Confused Tetraarylporphyrins in Nonaqueous Media. Chemistry 2014; 21:2651-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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