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Liu ZQ. Is it still worth renewing nucleoside anticancer drugs nowadays? Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115987. [PMID: 38056297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside has situated the convergence point in the discovery of novel drugs for decades, and a large number of nucleoside derivatives have been constructed for screening novel pharmacological properties at various experimental platforms. Notably, nearly 20 nucleosides are approved to be used in the clinic treatment of various cancers. Nevertheless, the blossom of synthetic nucleoside analogs in comparison with the scarcity of nucleoside anticancer drugs leads to a question: Is it still worth insisting on the screening of novel anticancer drugs from nucleoside derivatives? Hence, this review attempts to emphasize the importance of nucleoside analogs in the discovery of novel anticancer drugs. Firstly, we introduce the metabolic procedures of nucleoside anticancer drug (such as 5-fluorouracil) and summarize the designing of novel nucleoside anticancer candidates based on clinically used nucleoside anticancer drugs (such as gemcitabine). Furthermore, we collect anticancer properties of some recently synthesized nucleoside analogs, aiming at emphasizing the availability of nucleoside analogs in the discovery of anticancer drugs. Finally, a variety of synthetic strategies including the linkage of sugar moiety with nucleobase scaffold, modifications on the sugar moiety, and variations on the nucleobase structure are collected to exhibit the abundant protocols in the achievement of nucleoside analogs. Taken the above discussions collectively, nucleoside still advantages for the finding of novel anticancer drugs because of the clearly metabolic procedures, successfully clinic applications, and abundantly synthetic routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Qun Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Khorsandi Z, Afshinpour M, Molaei F, Askandar RH, Keshavarzipour F, Abbasi M, Sadeghi-Aliabadi H. Design and synthesis of novel phe-phe hydroxyethylene derivatives as potential coronavirus main protease inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:7940-7948. [PMID: 33784944 PMCID: PMC8022343 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1905549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In response to the current pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2, we design new compounds based on Lopinavir structure as an FDA-approved antiviral agent which is currently under more evaluation in clinical trials for COVID-19 patients. This is the first example of the preparation of Lopinavir isosteres from the main core of Lopinavir conducted to various heterocyclic fragments. It is proposed that main protease inhibitors play an important role in the cycle life of coronavirus. Thus, the protease inhibition effect of synthesized compounds was studied by molecular docking method. All of these 10 molecules, showing a good docking score compared. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations also confirmed the stability of the best-designed compound in Mpro active site.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khorsandi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maral Afshinpour
- Bioinformatics Lab., Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Molaei
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Facility of Paramedical, Jahrom University of medical science, Jahrom, Iran
| | | | - Fariba Keshavarzipour
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Abbasi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hojjat Sadeghi-Aliabadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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3
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Recent Advances in the Chemical Synthesis and Evaluation of Anticancer Nucleoside Analogues. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092050. [PMID: 32354007 PMCID: PMC7248840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues have proven to be highly successful chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of a wide variety of cancers. Several such compounds, including gemcitabine and cytarabine, are the go-to option in first-line treatments. However, these materials do have limitations and the development of next generation compounds remains a topic of significant interest and necessity. Herein, we discuss recent advances in the chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of nucleoside analogues as potential anticancer agents. Focus is paid to 4′-heteroatom substitution of the furanose oxygen, 2′-, 3′-, 4′- and 5′-position ring modifications and the development of new prodrug strategies for these materials.
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Tănase CI, Drăghici C, Hanganu A, Pintilie L, Maganu M, Volobueva A, Sinegubova E, Zarubaev VV, Neyts J, Jochmans D, Slita AV. New HSV-1 Anti-Viral 1'-Homocarbocyclic Nucleoside Analogs with an Optically Active Substituted Bicyclo[2.2.1]Heptane Fragment as a Glycoside Moiety. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132446. [PMID: 31277334 PMCID: PMC6651170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
New 1′-homocarbanucleoside analogs with an optically active substituted bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane skeleton as sugar moiety were synthesized. The pyrimidine analogs with uracil, 5-fluorouracil, thymine and cytosine and key intermediate with 6-chloropurine (5) as nucleobases were synthesized by a selective Mitsunobu reaction on the primary hydroxymethyl group in the presence of 5-endo-hydroxyl group. Adenine and 6-substituted adenine homonucleosides were obtained by the substitution of the 6-chlorine atom of the key intermediate 5 with ammonia and selected amines, and 6-methoxy- and 6-ethoxy substituted purine homonucleosides by reaction with the corresponding alkoxides. No derivatives appeared active against entero, yellow fever, chikungunya, and adeno type 1viruses. Two compounds (6j and 6d) had lower IC50 (15 ± 2 and 21 ± 4 µM) and compound 6f had an identical value of IC50 (28 ± 4 µM) to that of acyclovir, suggesting that the bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane skeleton could be further studied to find a candidate for sugar moiety of the nucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin I Tănase
- National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Department of bioactive substances and pharmaceutical technologies, 112 Vitan Av., 031299 Bucharest-3, Romania.
| | - Constantin Drăghici
- Organic Chemistry Center "C.D.Nenitescu", Spectroscopy Laboratory, 202 B Splaiul Independentei, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anamaria Hanganu
- Organic Chemistry Center "C.D.Nenitescu", Spectroscopy Laboratory, 202 B Splaiul Independentei, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucia Pintilie
- National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Department of bioactive substances and pharmaceutical technologies, 112 Vitan Av., 031299 Bucharest-3, Romania
| | - Maria Maganu
- Organic Chemistry Center "C.D.Nenitescu", Spectroscopy Laboratory, 202 B Splaiul Independentei, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandrina Volobueva
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Sinegubova
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Zarubaev
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven Department of Micobiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Jochmans
- KU Leuven Department of Micobiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander V Slita
- KU Leuven Department of Micobiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Hřebabecký H, Dračínský M, Procházková E, Šála M, Mackman R, Nencka R. Control of α/β Anomer Formation by a 2',5' Bridge: Toward Nucleoside Derivatives Locked in the South Conformation. J Org Chem 2017; 82:11337-11347. [PMID: 28972760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel stereoselective synthesis of nucleoside derivatives with the ribose ring locked in the South conformation by a bridge between C2' and C5'. Despite the intrinsic constraints of the bicyclic structure, we demonstrate that their synthesis can be achieved by ring closing metathesis of readily accessible precursors. The obtained ribose derivatives are, however, very poor substrates for further installation of the nucleobases, and even simple nucleophiles, such as azido or cyano anions, react with unexpected stereo- or regioselectivity under standard glycosylation conditions. Here we explain this behavior by employing density functional theory (DFT) computations and devise an alternative approach resulting in isomers with the desired orientation of the nucleobase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Hřebabecký
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Procházková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šála
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Mackman
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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6
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Tănase CI, Drăghici C, Cojocaru A, Galochkina AV, Orshanskaya JR, Zarubaev VV, Shova S, Enache C, Maganu M. New carbocyclic N(6)-substituted adenine and pyrimidine nucleoside analogues with a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane fragment as sugar moiety; synthesis, antiviral, anticancer activity and X-ray crystallography. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6346-54. [PMID: 26361736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
New nucleoside analogues with an optically active bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane skeleton as sugar moiety and 6-substituted adenine were synthesized by alkylation of 6-chloropurine intermediate. Thymine and uracil analogs were synthesized by building the pyrimidine ring on amine 1. X-ray crystallography confirmed an exo-coupling of the thymine to the ring and an L configuration of the nucleoside analogue. The library of compounds was tested for their inhibitory activity against influenza virus A∖California/07/09 (H1N1)pdm09 and coxsackievirus B4 in cell culture. Compounds 13a and 13d are the most promising for their antiviral activity against influenza, and compound 3c against coxsackievirus B4. Compounds 3b and 3g were tested for anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin I Tănase
- National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Vitan Av., 031299 Bucharest 3, Romania.
| | - Constantin Drăghici
- Organic Chemistry Center 'C.D.Neniţescu, 202 B Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 060023, Romania
| | - Ana Cojocaru
- National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Vitan Av., 031299 Bucharest 3, Romania
| | - Anastasia V Galochkina
- Influenza Research Institute, Dept. Chemotherapy, 15/17 Prof. Popova Str., St. Petersburg 197376, Russian Federation.
| | - Jana R Orshanskaya
- Influenza Research Institute, Dept. Chemotherapy, 15/17 Prof. Popova Str., St. Petersburg 197376, Russian Federation.
| | - Vladimir V Zarubaev
- Influenza Research Institute, Dept. Chemotherapy, 15/17 Prof. Popova Str., St. Petersburg 197376, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergiu Shova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry 'Petru Poni', Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristian Enache
- Central Laboratory for Phytosanitary Quarantine, 11, Voluntari Blvd., 077190 Voluntari, Romania
| | - Maria Maganu
- Organic Chemistry Center 'C.D.Neniţescu, 202 B Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 060023, Romania
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7
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Dejmek M, Hřebabecký H, Šála M, Dračínský M, Procházková E, Leyssen P, Neyts J, Balzarini J, Nencka R. From norbornane-based nucleotide analogs locked in South conformation to novel inhibitors of feline herpes virus. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2974-83. [PMID: 24775916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic route toward a series of unique cyclic nucleoside phosphonates locked in South conformation is described. The desired conformation is stabilized by a substitution of the sugar moiety by bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (norbornane) bearing a purine or pyrimidine nucleobase in the bridgehead position. Although the final phosphonate derivatives are devoid of any significant antiviral activity probably due to the unfavorable conformational properties, several intermediates and their analogs exhibit surprising activity against feline herpes virus. Since these compounds do not possess an appropriate hydroxymethyl function allowing phosphorylation and subsequent incorporation into the polynucleotide chain, it seems to be likely that these compounds act by a novel unknown mechanism of action and may represent a new possible alternative for nucleoside and nucleotide therapeutics of this widely spread feline infection. A number of derivatives exerted also a significant antiviral activity against Coxsackievirus B3 and B4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Dejmek
- Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hubert Hřebabecký
- Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šála
- Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Procházková
- Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Radim Nencka
- Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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