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Liu J, Ping X, Sun SJ, Yang J, Lu Y, Pei L. Safety assessment of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma: acute and subacute oral toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1377876. [PMID: 38567357 PMCID: PMC10985157 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1377876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (ATR) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that is used for treating neuropathic diseases. However, there is little information about the safety of ATR. Methods: The present study evaluated the acute and subacute oral toxicity of a water extract of ATR in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. In acute trials, a single administration of extract at a dose 5,000 mg/kg body weight led to no clinical signs of toxicity or mortality, indicating that the lethal dose (LD50) exceeded 5,000 mg/kg. A subacute toxicity test was done using daily doses of 1,250, 2,500, and 5,000 mg/kg of the ATR extract for 28 days, which did not show any adverse clinical symptoms or mortality. However, the male renal organ index and urea level in mice given 5,000 mg/kg was obviously abnormal, which was consistent with pathological results and suggested that this dose might cause kidney injury. Results: Doses of ATR lower than 2,500 mg/kg could be regarded as safe, although the potential cumulative effects of long-term use of high doses of ATR need to be considered. Discussion: The study highlights the function of ATR in reducing blood lipids and provides a new idea for its widespread clinical use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Central Laboratory, Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Turbidity and Toxicity Laboratory, Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Ping
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Central Laboratory, Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Turbidity and Toxicity Laboratory, Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shu-jie Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ye Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Central Laboratory, Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Turbidity and Toxicity Laboratory, Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Pei
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Central Laboratory, Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Turbidity and Toxicity Laboratory, Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity, Shijiazhuang, China
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Andrade-Pavón D, Sánchez-Sandoval E, Tamariz J, Ibarra JA, Hernández-Rodríguez C, Villa-Tanaca L. Inhibitors of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Decrease the Growth, Ergosterol Synthesis and Generation of petite Mutants in Candida glabrata and Candida albicans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16868. [PMID: 38069194 PMCID: PMC10706242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida glabrata and Candida albicans, the most frequently isolated candidiasis species in the world, have developed mechanisms of resistance to treatment with azoles. Among the clinically used antifungal drugs are statins and other compounds that inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), resulting in decreased growth and ergosterol levels in yeasts. Ergosterol is a key element for the formation of the yeast cell membrane. However, statins often cause DNA damage to yeast cells, facilitating mutation and drug resistance. The aim of the current contribution was to synthesize seven series of compounds as inhibitors of the HMGR enzyme of Candida ssp., and to evaluate their effect on cellular growth, ergosterol synthesis and generation of petite mutants of C. glabrata and C. albicans. Compared to the reference drugs (fluconazole and simvastatin), some HMGR inhibitors caused lower growth and ergosterol synthesis in the yeast species and generated fewer petite mutants. Moreover, heterologous expression was achieved in Pichia pastoris, and compounds 1a, 1b, 6g and 7a inhibited the activity of recombinant CgHMGR and showed better binding energy values than for α-asarone and simvastatin. Thus, we believe these are good candidates for future antifungal drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Andrade-Pavón
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Bacterias y Levaduras, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Alc. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico or (D.A.-P.); (C.H.-R.)
| | - Eugenia Sánchez-Sandoval
- Core Facilities Department, Gothenburg University, Medicinaregatan 9 A-B, 41390 Göteborg, Sweden;
| | - Joaquín Tamariz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Alc. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
| | - Jose Antonio Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Genética Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Alc. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
| | - César Hernández-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Bacterias y Levaduras, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Alc. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico or (D.A.-P.); (C.H.-R.)
| | - Lourdes Villa-Tanaca
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Bacterias y Levaduras, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Alc. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico or (D.A.-P.); (C.H.-R.)
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In Combo Studies for the Optimization of 5-Aminoanthranilic Acid Derivatives as Potential Multitarget Drugs for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121461. [PMID: 36558912 PMCID: PMC9784827 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a set of risk factors that consist of abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, alterations in the lipid profile, and hyperglycemia. The current therapeutic strategy includes polypharmacy, using three or more drugs to control each syndrome component. However, this approach has drawbacks that could lead to therapeutic failure. Multitarget drugs are molecules with the ability to act on different targets simultaneously and are an attractive alternative for treating complex diseases such as metabolic syndrome. Previously, we identified a triamide derivative of 5-aminoanthranilic acid that exhibited hypoglycemic, hypolipemic, and antihypertensive activities simultaneously. In the present study, we report the synthesis and in combo evaluation of new derivatives of anthranilic acid, intending to identify the primary structural factors that improve the activity over metabolic syndrome-related parameters. We found that substitution on position 5, incorporation of 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl substituents, and having a free carboxylic acid group lead to the in vitro inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, and simultaneously the diminution of the serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol in a diet-induced in vivo model.
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Andrade-Pavón D, Fernández-Muñoz V, González-Ibarra W, Hernández-Rodríguez C, Ibarra JA, Villa-Tanaca L. Point mutations in Candida glabrata 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (CgHMGR) decrease enzymatic activity and substrate/inhibitor affinity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20842. [PMID: 34675283 PMCID: PMC8531335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00356-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) is a crucial enzyme in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. The aim of this study was to obtain, purify, characterize, and overexpress five point mutations in highly conserved regions of the catalytic domain of Candida glabrata HMGR (CgHMGR) to explore the function of key amino acid residues in enzymatic activity. Glutamic acid (Glu) was substituted by glutamine in the E680Q mutant (at the dimerization site), Glu by glutamine in E711Q (at the substrate binding site), aspartic acid by alanine in D805A, and methionine by arginine in M807R (the latter two at the cofactor binding site). A double mutation, E680Q-M807R, was included. Regarding recombinant and wild-type CgHMGR, in vitro enzymatic activity was significantly lower for the former, as was the in silico binding energy of simvastatin, alpha-asarone and the HMG-CoA substrate. E711Q displayed the lowest enzymatic activity and binding energy, suggesting the importance of Glu711 (in the substrate binding site). The double mutant CgHMGR E680Q-M807R exhibited the second lowest enzymatic activity. Based on the values of the kinetic parameters KM and Vmax, the mutated amino acids appear to participate in binding. The current findings provide insights into the role of residues in the catalytic site of CgHMGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Andrade-Pavón
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Bacterias y Levaduras, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala. Col. Sto. Tomás, CP 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vanessa Fernández-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Bacterias y Levaduras, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala. Col. Sto. Tomás, CP 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Wendy González-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Genética Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César Hernández-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Bacterias y Levaduras, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala. Col. Sto. Tomás, CP 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Antonio Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Genética Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Villa-Tanaca
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Bacterias y Levaduras, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala. Col. Sto. Tomás, CP 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Saito Y, Taniguchi Y, Hirazawa S, Miura Y, Tsurimoto H, Nakayoshi T, Oda A, Hamel E, Yamashita K, Goto M, Nakagawa-Goto K. Effects of substituent pattern on the intracellular target of antiproliferative benzo[b]thiophenyl chromone derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 222:113578. [PMID: 34171512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new biological scaffold was produced by replacing the 6π-electron phenyl ring-B of a natural flavone skeleton with a 10π-electron benzothiophene (BT). Since aromatic rings are important for ligand protein interactions, this expansion of the π-electron system of ring-B might change the bioactivity profile. One of the resulting novel natural product-inspired compounds, 2-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-7-isopropoxy-6-methoxyflavone (6), effectively arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and displayed significant antiproliferative effects with IC50 values of 0.05-0.08 μM against multiple human tumor cell lines, including a multidrug resistant line. A structure-activity relationship study revealed that a 10π-electron system with high aromaticity, juxtaposed 4-oxo and 5-hydroxy groups, and 7-alkoxy groups were important for potent antimitotic activity. Interestingly, two BT-flavonols (3-hydroxyflavone), 16 and 20, with 3-hydroxy and 5-alkoxy groups, induced distinct biological profiles affecting the cell cycle at the G1/S phase by inhibition of DNA replication through an interaction with topoisomerase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Saito
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yukako Taniguchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Sachika Hirazawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuta Miura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsurimoto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakayoshi
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Akifumi Oda
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Katsumi Yamashita
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masuo Goto
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7568, United States.
| | - Kyoko Nakagawa-Goto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan; Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7568, United States.
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Alnajjar R, Mohamed N, Kawafi N. Bicyclo[1.1.1]Pentane as Phenyl Substituent in Atorvastatin Drug to improve Physicochemical Properties: Drug-likeness, DFT, Pharmacokinetics, Docking, and Molecular Dynamic Simulation. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Adeniyi AA, Conradie J. Exploring substituents and solvent effects on the reduction potential and molecular properties of five derivatives of hydroxybenzophenone (HBP) with their possible conformations and isomers. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01685-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Adeniyi AA, Ngake TL, Conradie J. Cyclic Voltammetric Study of 2‐Hydroxybenzophenone (HBP) Derivatives and the Correspondent Change in the Orbital Energy Levels in Different Solvents. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adebayo A. Adeniyi
- Department of Chemistry University of the Free State PO Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa
- Department of Industrial Chemistry Federal University of Oye-Ekiti Nigeria
| | - Tankiso L. Ngake
- Department of Chemistry University of the Free State PO Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry University of the Free State PO Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa
- Department of Chemistry UiT – The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø N-9037 Norway
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Synthesis and biological activity of fibrate-based acyl- and alkyl-phenoxyacetic methyl esters and 1,2-dihydroquinolines. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Salazar-Gómez A, Sánchez-Chávez AC, Zepeda-Vallejo G, Chamorro-Cevallos G, Garduño-Siciliano L, Vargas-Díaz E. Hypolipidemic Effect of Trixis angustifoliaAqueous Extract on Triton WR-1339- and High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Mice. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19864218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of Trixis angustifolia aqueous extract (TxAE) on Triton WR-1339- and high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice. In the Triton model, treatment with TxAE at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight produced a significant decrease in triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein levels and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Similarly, administration of TxAE along with the high-fat diet induced a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, and increase in HDL. In addition, a phytochemical study of TxAE led to the isolation of 2 previously described compounds: pebrellin and xanthomicrol. This is the first time that these compounds have been identified in a plant extract with hypolipidemic effect. The results suggest the possible therapeutic potential of TxAE as a hypolipidemic agent supporting the usage of T. angustifolia as a traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuar Salazar-Gómez
- Laboratorio de toxicología de productos naturales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anahí C. Sánchez-Chávez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zepeda-Vallejo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Germán Chamorro-Cevallos
- Laboratorio de toxicología de productos naturales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Garduño-Siciliano
- Laboratorio de toxicología de productos naturales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Vargas-Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Development of Fibrates as Important Scaffolds in Medicinal Chemistry. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1051-1066. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mendieta-Moctezuma A, Rugerio-Escalona C, Villa-Ruano N, Gutierrez RU, Jiménez-Montejo FE, Fragoso-Vázquez MJ, Correa-Basurto J, Cruz-López MC, Delgado F, Tamariz J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel chromonyl enaminones as α-glucosidase inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02320-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Andrade-Pavón D, Ortiz-Álvarez J, Sánchez-Sandoval E, Tamariz J, Hernández-Rodríguez C, Ibarra JA, Villa-Tanaca L. Inhibition of recombinant enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase from Candida glabrata by α-asarone-based synthetic compounds as antifungal agents. J Biotechnol 2019; 292:64-67. [PMID: 30690093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to increasing resistance of Candida species to antifungal drugs, especially azoles, new drugs are needed. The proposed compounds 3 and 4 are analogous to α-asarone (2), a naturally occurring potent inhibitor of HMGR with hypolipidemic and antifungal activity. We used the recombinant enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase of Candida glabrata (CgHMGR) as a model to test the effectiveness of the test compounds. Compounds 3 and 4 demonstrated inhibitory kinetics, having lower IC50 values (42.65 μM and 28.77 μM, respectively) than compound 2 (>100 μM). The docking studies showed better binding energies for compounds 3 and 4 (-5.35 and -6.1 kcal/mol, respectively) than for compound 2 (-4.53 kcal/mol). These findings suggest that the tested compounds are better than their natural analogue. Plaque assays were performed on the C. glabrata strain CBS138 by applying ergosterol or cholesterol to evaluate the possible reversal of the inhibition induced by compounds 2, 3 and 4. Inhibition was easily suppressed in all three cases, recovering the viability of C. glabrata. These results reveal that the CgHMGR model is excellent for testing antifungals. Compound 4 produced the best effect and is herein proposed as a new potent antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Andrade-Pavón
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Sto. Tomás s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jossue Ortiz-Álvarez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Sto. Tomás s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Sánchez-Sandoval
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Sto. Tomás s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Tamariz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n., Col. Sto. Tomás, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César Hernández-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Sto. Tomás s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Antonio Ibarra
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Sto. Tomás s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Lourdes Villa-Tanaca
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Sto. Tomás s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Pipatrattanaseree W, Itharat A, Mukkasombut N, Saesiw U. Potential in vitro anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of ethanolic extract of Baliospermum montanum root, its major components and a validated HPLC method. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:45. [PMID: 30755219 PMCID: PMC6373163 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The root of Baliospermum montanum has been used as an ingredient of traditional Thai medicines for the treatments of several diseases including itching eczema, muscle and joint inflammation, and cancer. Few studies have been done on phytochemical components of this root. In this study, we isolated major compounds of the crude ethanolic extract of B. montanum root and developed and validated a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of its major components. We then investigated anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of the extract. Methods The aims of this study were to investigate in vitro activities including inhibitory effect of β-hexosaminidase released from RBL-2H3 cells, inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production from RAW 264.7 cells and cytotoxic activity against cancerous liver cell lines (HepG2 and KKU M156) by using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Isolation of major components was conducted by using column chromatographic method. Isolated major compounds were analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results The crude extract exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity, with IC50 less than 1 μg/mL, while its anti-allergy and anti-inflammation were also potent with IC50 less than 6 μg/mL. Three propiophenones isolated from B. montanum root exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities (IC50 > 20 μg/mL). Two of the propiophenones found were major components that can be detected by HPLC. The developed and validated HPLC method showed good accuracy, precision, and linearity. Conclusion The results of this study suggested that ethanolic extract of of B.montanum root can be a potential source of anti-allergy, anti-inflammation, and anti-cancer compounds. The isolated compounds can serve as markers when B. montanum is used in herbal remedies but not as overall responsive markers. The HPLC method developed may be useful for quality control in the production of the extract and for further formulation developments. However, investigation of several associated biological activities is necessary before the development can proceed further. Minor active compounds should be isolated and a more sensitive analytical method should be developed to detail the key responsive components of the ethanolic extract of B. montanum root. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2449-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Rosales-Acosta B, Mendieta A, Zúñiga C, Tamariz J, Hernández Rodríguez C, Ibarra-García JA, Villa-Tanaca L. Simvastatin and other inhibitors of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase of Ustilago maydis (Um-Hmgr) affect the viability of the fungus, its synthesis of sterols and mating. Rev Iberoam Micol 2019; 36:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione-based fibrates as potential hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3787-3792. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hernández-Sánchez KM, Garduño-Siciliano L, Luna-Herrera J, Zepeda-Vallejo LG, Lagunas-Rivera S, García-Gutiérrez GE, Vargas-Díaz ME. Antimycobacterial and hypolipemiant activities of Bidens odorata (Cavanilles). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 222:159-164. [PMID: 29704591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bidens odorata Cavanilles is a medicinal and edible plant known as "mozote blanco, aceitilla, acahual, mozoquelite" which is traditionally used in Mexico as a diuretic, hypoglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antitussive, to treat gastrointestinal disorders, kidney pain, and lung or respiratory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This research study was aimed at phytochemical analysis of aerial extracts of B. odorata for antimycobacterial and lipid-lowering activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Compounds 1 (((2R, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6R)-3,4,5-Tryhidroxy-6-(((E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acryloyl) oxy) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate) and 2 (3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid) were isolated from B. odorata aerial shoots and their structural elucidation was carried out using 1 and 2D NMR, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The antimycobacterial activity of various extracts and compounds 1 and 2 was determined using the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA). The evaluation of the hypolipidemic effect of the ethanolic extract and the glycosylated compound 1 was tested in a murine model of hypercholesterolemia induced by diet and by Triton WR-1339. On the other hand, the LD50 of the ethanolic extract was evaluated in ICR mice by the OECD protocol TG 423. RESULTS Antimycobacterial assay of hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc, ethanolic and aqueous extracts, as well as the new glycosidic compound 1 and benzoic acid derivative 2 isolated from B. odorata showed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 100, 12.5, 12.5, 12.5, ≥200, 3.125 and 50 μg/mL, respectively, against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Only hexane and CH2Cl2 extracts were observed to be active against Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155 at a concentration of 50 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. The ethanolic extract showed lipid-lowering activity at doses of 100 and 1000 mg/kg, while glycosidic compound 1 was active at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. In addition, the LD50 of the ethanolic extract was >2000 mg/kg, meaning that this extract does not cause lethality or adverse effects, and no signs of organs alterations or tissue damage were observed. CONCLUSION The hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc, and ethanolic extracts of B. odorata, as well as their components 1 and 2, displayed antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis. Moreover, the ethanolic extract and glycosidic compound 1 showed an important lipid-lowering effect, without lethality or secondary effect. The results of this study support the documented traditional use for B. odorata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Mariela Hernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Laboratorio de Toxicología de Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, esq. con M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, Del. GAM, C.P. 77380 CDMX, Mexico; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, C.P.11340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Leticia Garduño-Siciliano
- Departamento de Farmacia, Laboratorio de Toxicología de Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, esq. con M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, Del. GAM, C.P. 77380 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Julieta Luna-Herrera
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, C.P.11340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - L Gerardo Zepeda-Vallejo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, C.P.11340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Selene Lagunas-Rivera
- CONACyT, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana km. 1080, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas C.P. 29050, Mexico
| | - G Esthefania García-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Laboratorio de Toxicología de Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, esq. con M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, Del. GAM, C.P. 77380 CDMX, Mexico
| | - María Elena Vargas-Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, C.P.11340 CDMX, Mexico.
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α-asarone reduce proteinuria by restoring antioxidant enzymes activities and regulating necrosis factor κB signaling pathway in doxorubicin-induced nephrotic syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:318-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Phytochemicals with NO inhibitory effects and interactions with iNOS protein from Trigonostemon howii. Bioorg Chem 2017; 75:71-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Recombinant 3-Hydroxy 3-Methyl Glutaryl-CoA Reductase from Candida glabrata (Rec-CgHMGR) Obtained by Heterologous Expression, as a Novel Therapeutic Target Model for Testing Synthetic Drugs. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 182:1478-1490. [PMID: 28138930 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR) is a glycoprotein of the endoplasmic reticulum that participates in the mevalonate pathway, the precursor of cholesterol in human and ergosterol in fungi. This enzyme has three domains: transmembrane, binding, and soluble. In this study, we expressed and purified the soluble fraction of the HMGR enzyme from Candida glabrata (CgHMGR) in an Escherichia coli heterologous system and used it as a model for studying its inhibitory activity. The soluble fraction of CgHMGR was fused to the maltose binding protein (MBP), purified, and characterized. Optimal pH was 8.0, and its optimal temperature activity was 37 °C. The k m and V max for the HMG-CoA were 6.5 μM and 2.26 × 10-3 μM min-1, respectively. Recombinant CgHMGR was inhibited by simvastatin presenting an IC50 at 14.5 μM. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the recombinant HMGR version from C. glabrata may be used as a study model system for HMGR inhibitors such as statins and newly synthesized inhibitor compounds that might be used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia or mycosis.
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Hypolipidemic effect of dihydroisoquinoline oxaziridine in high-fat diet-fed rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:660-8. [PMID: 27470409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health problem that increases the risk of many complications, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This study aims to evaluate, for the first time, the effects of oxaziridine 3 on lipoprotein lipase activity in the serum of rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) on body weight, lipid profile and liver-kidney functions. The administration of oxaziridine 3 to HFD-rats lowered body weight and inhibited the lipase activity of obese rats leading to notable decrease of T-Ch, TGs and LDL-Ch levels accompanied with an increase in HDL-Ch concentration in serum. Moreover, the findings of this study revealed that oxaziridine 3 helped to protect liver tissue from the appearance of fatty cysts. Additionally, oxaziridine 3 administration to HFD-rats induces antioxidant activity proven by the increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and the decrease in Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels. It also induces the protection of liver-kidney functions confirmed by a decrease in the levels of toxicity parameters in blood.
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