1
|
Zhou D, Deng W, Zhou J, Deng H, Zheng J, Zhou Z. Influence of alkylation and esterification of 2-(4-methoxyphenoxy) propionic acid on sweet inhibition property and its manipulating mechanism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2154610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhan Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxian Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongkai Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo H, Geddes EJ, Opperman TJ, Heuck AP. Cell-Based Assay to Determine Type 3 Secretion System Translocon Assembly in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using Split Luciferase. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2652-2664. [PMID: 37978950 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Multi-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses a serious threat to hospitalized patients. This organism expresses an arsenal of virulence factors that enables it to readily establish infections and disseminate in the host. The Type 3 secretion system (T3SS) and its associated effectors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa, making them attractive targets for the development of novel therapeutic agents. The T3SS translocon, composed of PopD and PopB, is an essential component of the T3SS secretion apparatus. In the properly assembled translocon, the N-terminus of PopD protrudes into the cytoplasm of the target mammalian cell, which can be exploited as a molecular indicator of functional translocon assembly. In this article, we describe a novel whole-cell-based assay that employs the split NanoLuc luciferase detection system to provide a readout for translocon assembly. The assay demonstrates a favorable signal/noise ratio (13.6) and robustness (Z' = 0.67), making it highly suitable for high-throughput screening of small-molecule inhibitors targeting T3SS translocon assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanling Guo
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Emily J Geddes
- Microbiotix, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | | | - Alejandro P Heuck
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gadar K, McCarthy RR. Using next generation antimicrobials to target the mechanisms of infection. NPJ ANTIMICROBIALS AND RESISTANCE 2023; 1:11. [PMID: 38686217 PMCID: PMC11057201 DOI: 10.1038/s44259-023-00011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The remarkable impact of antibiotics on human health is being eroded at an alarming rate by the emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens. There is a recognised consensus that new strategies to tackle infection are urgently needed to limit the devasting impact of antibiotic resistance on our global healthcare infrastructure. Next generation antimicrobials (NGAs) are compounds that target bacterial virulence factors to disrupt pathogenic potential without impacting bacterial viability. By disabling the key virulence factors required to establish and maintain infection, NGAs make pathogens more vulnerable to clearance by the immune system and can potentially render them more susceptible to traditional antibiotics. In this review, we discuss the developing field of NGAs and how advancements in this area could offer a viable standalone alternative to traditional antibiotics or an effective means to prolong antibiotic efficacy when used in combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Gadar
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH United Kingdom
| | - Ronan R. McCarthy
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nguyen HH, Nguyen CT, Ngo HG, Nguyen GTT, Thuy PT, Setzer WN, Kuo PC, Bui HM. Potential for Aedes aegypti Larval Control and Environmental Friendliness of the Compounds Containing 2-Methyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-4-one Heterocycle. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25048-25058. [PMID: 37483229 PMCID: PMC10357533 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
2-Methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one was prepared by the reaction of anthranilic acid, acetic anhydride, and ammonium acetate. The reaction of 2-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one with N-aryl-2-chloroacetamides in acetone in the presence of potassium carbonate gave nine N-aryl-2-(2-methyl-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)acetamide compounds. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their IR, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) spectral data. These synthesized compounds containing the 2-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-4-one moiety exhibited activity against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae with LC50 values of 2.085-4.201 μg/mL after 72 h exposure, which is also confirmed using a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model. Interestingly, these compounds did not exhibit toxicity to the nontarget organism Diplonychus rusticus. In silico molecular docking revealed acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to be potential molecular targets. These data indicated the larvicidal potential and environmental friendliness of these N-aryl-2-(2-methyl-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)acetamide derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Huy Nguyen
- Center
for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 55000, Vietnam
- Department
of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 55000, Vietnam
| | - Cong Tien Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, Ho Chi Minh City University
of Education, 280 An
Duong Vuong Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho
Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Huy Gia Ngo
- Center
for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 55000, Vietnam
- Department
of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 55000, Vietnam
| | - Giang Thi Truc Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, Ho Chi Minh City University
of Education, 280 An
Duong Vuong Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho
Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- Thanh
Hoa High School, Thanh Hoa District, Long An Province 82906, Vietnam
| | - Phan Thi Thuy
- Faculty
of Chemistry, College of Education, Vinh
University 182 Le Duan, Vinh City, Nghe An Province 46000, Vietnam
| | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic
Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, Utah 84043, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National
Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ha Manh Bui
- Faculty
of Environment, Saigon University, 273 An Duong Vuong Street, District
5, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ipinloju N, Ibrahim A, da Costa RA, Adigun TB, Olubode SO, Abayomi KJ, Aiyelabegan AO, Esan TO, Muhammad SA, Oyeneyin OE. Quantum evaluation and therapeutic activity of (E)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-(3-oxo-3-phenylprop-1-en-1-yl) phenoxy)acetamide and its modified derivatives against EGFR and VEGFR-2 in the treatment of triple-negative cancer via in silico approach. J Mol Model 2023; 29:159. [PMID: 37099048 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The most dangerous subtype of breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), accounts for 25% of all breast cancer-related deaths and 15% of all breast cancer cases. TNBC is distinguished by the lack of immunohistochemical expression of HER2, progesterone receptors, or oestrogen receptors. Although it has been reported that upregulation of EGFR and VEGFR-2 is associated with TNBC progression, no proven effective targeted therapy exists at this time. We used structural bioinformatics methods, including density functional theory, molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness models, to identify promising EGFR/VEGFR-2 inhibitors from N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-oxo-3-phenylprop-1-en-1-yl) phenoxy] acetamide and six of its modified derivatives in light of the lack of effective targets inhibitor Version 14 of Spartan software was used to analyse density functional theory. The Schrodinger software suite 2018's Maestro interface was used for the molecular docking analysis, and the admetSAR and swissADME servers were used for drug-likeness and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity. All of the compounds showed strong electronic characteristics. Additionally, all of the tested compounds met the ADMET and drug-likeness requirements without a single instance of Lipinski's rule of five violations. Additionally, the molecules' levels of affinity for the target proteins varied. The highest binding affinities were demonstrated by the MOLb-VEGFR-2 complex (- 9.925 kcal/mol) and the MOLg-EGFR complex (- 5.032 kcal/mol). The interaction of the molecules in the domain of the EGFR and VEGFR-2 receptors was also better understood through molecular dynamic simulation of the complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nureni Ipinloju
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.
| | - Abdulwasiu Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
| | - Renato Araujo da Costa
- Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Para (IFPA), Campus Abaetetuba, Abaetetuba, Para, Brazil
| | | | - Samuel Olawale Olubode
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Joan Abayomi
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu DanFodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | | | - Timothy Oluwaseun Esan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | | | - Oluwatoba Emmanuel Oyeneyin
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Genetic and Environmental Investigation of a Novel Phenylamino Acetamide Inhibitor of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III Secretion System. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0175222. [PMID: 36519869 PMCID: PMC9888221 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01752-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional antibiotics target essential cellular components or metabolic pathways conserved in both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. Unfortunately, long-term antibiotic use often leads to antibiotic resistance and disruption of the overall microbiota. In this work, we identified a phenylamino acetamide compound, named 187R, that strongly inhibited the expression of the type III secretion system (T3SS) encoding genes and the secretion of the T3SS effector proteins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. T3SS is an important virulence factor, as T3SS-deficient strains of P. aeruginosa are greatly attenuated in virulence. We further showed that 187R had no effect on bacterial growth, implying a reduced selective pressure for the development of resistance. 187R-mediated repression of T3SS was dependent on ExsA, the master regulator of T3SS in P. aeruginosa. The impact of 187R on the host-associated microbial community was also tested using the Arabidopsis thaliana phyllosphere as a model. Both culture-independent (Illumina sequencing) and culture-dependent (Biolog) methods showed that the application of 187R had little impact on the composition and function of microbial community compared to the antibiotic streptomycin. Together, these results suggested that compounds that target virulence factors could serve as an alternative strategy for disease management caused by bacterial pathogens. IMPORTANCE New antimicrobial therapies are urgently needed, since antibiotic resistance in human pathogens has become one of the world's most urgent public health problems. Antivirulence therapy has been considered a promising alternative for the management of infectious diseases, as antivirulence compounds target only the virulence factors instead of the growth of bacteria, and they are therefore unlikely to affect commensal microorganisms. However, the impacts of antivirulence compounds on the host microbiota are not well understood. We report a potent synthetic inhibitor of the P. aeruginosa T3SS, 187R, and its effect on the host microbiota of Arabidopsis. Both culture-independent (Illumina sequencing) and culture-dependent (Biolog) methods showed that the impacts of the antivirulence compound on the composition and function of host microbiota were limited. These results suggest that antivirulence compounds can be a potential alternative method to antibiotics.
Collapse
|
7
|
Karthik Y, Ishwara Kalyani M, Krishnappa S, Devappa R, Anjali Goud C, Ramakrishna K, Wani MA, Alkafafy M, Hussen Abduljabbar M, Alswat AS, Sayed SM, Mushtaq M. Antiproliferative activity of antimicrobial peptides and bioactive compounds from the mangrove Glutamicibacter mysorens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1096826. [PMID: 36876075 PMCID: PMC9982118 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1096826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Glutamicibacter group of microbes is known for antibiotic and enzyme production. Antibiotics and enzymes produced by them are important in the control, protection, and treatment of chronic human diseases. In this study, the Glutamicibacter mysorens (G. mysorens) strain MW647910.1 was isolated from mangrove soil in the Mangalore region of India. After optimization of growth conditions for G. mysorens on starch casein agar media, the micromorphology of G. mysorens was found to be spirally coiled spore chain, each spore visualized as an elongated cylindrical hairy appearance with curved edges visualized through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis. The culture phenotype with filamentous mycelia, brown pigmentation, and ash-colored spore production was observed. The intracellular extract of G. mysorens characterized through GCMS analysis detected bioactive compounds reported for pharmacological applications. The majority of bioactive compounds identified in intracellular extract when compared to the NIST library revealed molecular weight ranging below 1kgmole-1. The Sephadex G-10 could result in 10.66 fold purification and eluted peak protein fraction showed significant anticancer activity on the prostate cancer cell line. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis revealed Kinetin-9-ribose and Embinin with a molecular weight below 1 kDa. This study showed small molecular weight bioactive compounds produced from microbial origin possess dual roles, acting as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and anticancer peptides (ACPs). Hence, the bioactive compounds produced from microbial origin are a promising source of future therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalpi Karthik
- Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjula Ishwara Kalyani
- Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivasa Krishnappa
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramakrishna Devappa
- Dr. C.D Sagar Centre for Life Sciences, Biotechnology Department, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Dayananda Sagar Institutions, Bengaluru, India
| | - Chengeshpur Anjali Goud
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Krishnaveni Ramakrishna
- Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ballari, Karnataka, India
| | - Muneeb Ahmad Wani
- Division of Floriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohamed Alkafafy
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Maram Hussen Abduljabbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal S Alswat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy M Sayed
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muntazir Mushtaq
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Division of Germplasm Evaluation, New Delhi, India.,MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management, Bajhol, Himachal Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Deng W, Zhou D, Li J, Zheng J, Zhou Z. A Potent Mechanism for Revealing Structurally Manipulated Sweetness Inhibitory Property of Lactisole Derivatives. Food Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
9
|
Hariyono P, Dwiastuti R, Yusuf M, Salin NH, Hariono M. 2-Phenoxyacetamide derivatives as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor: In silico studies. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 4:100263. [PMID: 34926138 PMCID: PMC8666106 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Phenoxyacetamide group has been identified as one of markers in the discovery and development of SARS-CoV-2 antiviral agent through its main protease (Mpro) inhibition pathway. This study aims to study a series of 2-phenoxyacetamide derivatives using in silico method toward SARS-CoV-2 Mpro as the protein target. The study was initiated by employing structure-based pharmacophore to virtually screen and to select the ligands, which have the best fit score (hits) along with the common pharmacophore features being matched. The result shows that from the 11 ligands designed, four ligands are selected as the hits by demonstrating fit score in the range of 56.20 to 65.53 to the pharmacophore model, employing hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and hydrophobic (H) as the common features. The hits were then docked into the binding site of the Mpro to see the binding mode of the corresponding hits as well as its affinity. The docking results free energy of binding (ΔGbind) of the hits are in agreement with the pharmacophore fit score, in the range of −6.83 to −7.20 kcal/ mol. To gain the information of the hits as a potential drug to be developed, the in silico study was further proceed by predicting the mutagenic potency, toxicity and pharmacokinetic profiles. Based on the efficiency percentage, all hits meet the criteria as drug candidates by showing 84–88% leading to a conclusion that 2-phenoxyacetamide derivatives are beneficial to be marked as the lead compound for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pandu Hariyono
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Campus 3, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rini Dwiastuti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Campus 3, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Yusuf
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nurul H Salin
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia, Halaman Bukit Gambir, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Maywan Hariono
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Campus 3, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yaeger LN, Coles VE, Chan DCK, Burrows LL. How to kill Pseudomonas-emerging therapies for a challenging pathogen. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1496:59-81. [PMID: 33830543 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As the number of effective antibiotics dwindled, antibiotic resistance (AR) became a pressing concern. Some Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates are resistant to all available antibiotics. In this review, we identify the mechanisms that P. aeruginosa uses to evade antibiotics, including intrinsic, acquired, and adaptive resistance. Our review summarizes many different approaches to overcome resistance. Antimicrobial peptides have potential as therapeutics with low levels of resistance evolution. Rationally designed bacteriophage therapy can circumvent and direct evolution of AR and virulence. Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies are highlighted as immune-based treatments targeting specific P. aeruginosa antigens. This review also identifies promising drug combinations, antivirulence therapies, and considerations for new antipseudomonal discovery. Finally, we provide an update on the clinical pipeline for antipseudomonal therapies and recommend future avenues for research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke N Yaeger
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria E Coles
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek C K Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lori L Burrows
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Moir DT, Opperman TJ, Aron ZD, Bowlin TL. Adjunctive therapy for multidrug-resistant bacterial infections: Type III secretion system and efflux inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2173-2181. [PMID: 33845218 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections has created a crucial need for new therapeutics that avoid or minimize existing resistance mechanisms. In this review, we describe the development of novel classes of small-molecule adjunctive agents targeting either a bacterial virulence factor, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system (T3SS), or an intrinsic resistance factor, resistance-nodulation-cell division superfamily (RND) efflux pumps of the Enterobacteriaceae. These agents are designed to be administered with antibacterials to improve their efficacy. T3SS inhibition rescues host innate immune system cells from injection with bacterial toxins, whereas RND efflux pump inhibition increases antibiotic susceptibility, in both cases improving the efficacy of the combined antibacterial.
Collapse
|
12
|
Nguyen Tien C, Vu Quoc T, Nguyen Dang D, Le Duc G, Van Meervelt L. Synthesis and structure of ( E)- N-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-2-[4-(3-oxo-3-phenyl-prop-1-en-1-yl)phen-oxy]acetamide. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:184-189. [PMID: 33614151 PMCID: PMC7869538 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021000864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The title compound N-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-2-[4-(3-oxo-3-phenyl-prop-1-en-1-yl)phen-oxy]acetamide, C24H21NO4, was prepared from reaction of N-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-2-chloro-acetamide and (E)-3-(4-hy-droxy-phen-yl)-1-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-one, which was obtained from the reaction of 4-hy-droxy-benzaldehyde and aceto-phenone. The structure of the title compound was determined by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HR-MS spectroscopic data and further characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The asymmetric unit contains four mol-ecules, each displaying an E-configuration of the C=C bond. The dihedral angle between the phenyl rings in each mol-ecule varies between 14.9 (2) and 45.8 (2)°. In the crystal, C-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions link the mol-ecules into chains running along the [001] direction. In addition, C-H⋯π inter-actions further stabilize the crystal packing. A Hirshfeld analysis indicates that the most important contributions to the surface contacts are from H⋯H (43.6%), C⋯H/H⋯C (32.1%) and O⋯H/H⋯O (18.1%) inter-actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Nguyen Tien
- Faculty of Chemistry, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 280 An Duong Vuong Street, Ho Chi Minh City, 72711, Vietnam
| | - Trung Vu Quoc
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 11310, Vietnam
| | - Dat Nguyen Dang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 11310, Vietnam
| | - Giang Le Duc
- School of Natural Sciences Education, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan Street, Vinh City, 43000, Vietnam
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Biomolecular Architecture, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven (Heverlee), B-3001, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lv Q, Lv Y, Dou X, Wassy SL, Jia G, Wei L, Yu Q, Deng X, Zhang C, Wang J. Myricetin inhibits the type III secretion system of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by downregulating the Salmonella pathogenic island I gene regulatory pathway. Microb Pathog 2021; 150:104695. [PMID: 33418000 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on the in-depth study of type III secretion systems (T3SS) in pathogenic bacteria, approaches targeting T3SS have become new alternative strategies to combat drug-resistant bacterial infections. As an important food-borne pathogen, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) injects effector proteins into host cells through the T3SS to disrupt cell signaling and host responses. In this study, myricetin was screened for its ability to block the translocation function of effector proteins (SipA/SipB) using cell biology and molecular biology methods. It exerted strong effects on inhibiting the expression of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1)-associated effector proteins without affecting S. Typhimurium growth and thus prevented S. Typhimurium from invading HeLa cells and ultimately inhibited S. Typhimurium-mediated cell damage. In an animal experiment, myricetin comprehensively protected mice from death and pathological damage. A further analysis of the mechanism of action showed that myricetin interfered with the regulatory network of SPI-1-related genes, resulting in a significant decrease in the levels of key effector proteins, and thus inhibited T3SS-mediated virulence. In summary, this study provides a solution for clinical resistance to S. Typhimurium infection and potential candidate compounds. Myricetin, a potential T3SS inhibitor, possesses effective biological activity and exerts protective effects in vitro and in vivo. Myricetin will likely be developed as a novel type of antibiotic targeting S. Typhimurium infections in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianghua Lv
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanzhi Lv
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyi Dou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Soromou Lanan Wassy
- Higher Institute of Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (ISSMV) of Dalaba, B.P 09, Guinea
| | - Guobin Jia
- HeBei Yuan Zheng Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- Hebei Veterinary Medicine Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qinlei Yu
- Jilin Provincial Animal Disease Control Center, 4510 Xi'an Road, Changchun, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chuanjin Zhang
- Shandong Veterinary Drug Quality Inspection Institute, Jinan, China.
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nguyen CT, Vo NPT, Nguyen LTH, To KNT, Doan KV, Tran HQ. SYNTHESIS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SOME CHALCONES CONTAINING N-ARYLACETAMIDE GROUP. ACTA CHEMICA IASI 2021. [DOI: 10.47743/achi-2021-1-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
15
|
Shao X, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Ding Y, Wu M, Wang X, Deng X. Novel therapeutic strategies for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1403-1423. [PMID: 32880507 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1803274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Persistent infections caused by the superbug Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents are huge threats to patients with cystic fibrosis as well as those with compromised immune systems. Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa has posed a major challenge to conventional antibiotics and therapeutic approaches, which show limited efficacy and cause serious side effects. The public demand for new antibiotics is enormous; yet, drug development pipelines have started to run dry with limited targets available for inventing new antibacterial drugs. Consequently, it is important to uncover potential therapeutic targets. AREAS COVERED The authors review the current state of drug development strategies that are promising in terms of the development of novel and potent drugs to treat P. aeruginosa infection. EXPERT OPINION The prevention of P. aeruginosa infection is increasingly challenging. Furthermore, targeting key virulence regulators has great potential for developing novel anti-P. aeruginosa drugs. Additional promising strategies include bacteriophage therapy, immunotherapies, and antimicrobial peptides. Additionally, the authors believe that in the coming years, the overall network of molecular regulatory mechanism of P. aeruginosa virulence will be fully elucidated, which will provide more novel and promising drug targets for treating P. aeruginosa infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Shao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingpeng Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jingui Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yiqing Ding
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moir DT, Bowlin NO, Berube BJ, Yabut J, Mills DM, Nguyen GT, Aron ZD, Williams JD, Mecsas J, Hauser AR, Bowlin TL. A Structure-Function-Inhibition Analysis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III Secretion Needle Protein PscF. J Bacteriol 2020; 202:e00055-20. [PMID: 32601072 PMCID: PMC7925083 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00055-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system (T3SS) needle comprised of multiple PscF subunits is essential for the translocation of effector toxins into human cells, facilitating the establishment and dissemination of infection. Mutations in the pscF gene provide resistance to the phenoxyacetamide (PhA) series of T3SS inhibitory chemical probes. To better understand PscF functions and interactions with PhA, alleles of pscF with 71 single mutations altering 49 of the 85 residues of the encoded protein were evaluated for their effects on T3SS phenotypes. Of these, 37% eliminated and 63% maintained secretion, with representatives of both evenly distributed across the entire protein. Mutations in 14 codons conferred a degree of PhA resistance without eliminating secretion, and all but one were in the alpha-helical C-terminal 25% of PscF. PhA-resistant mutants exhibited no cross-resistance to two T3SS inhibitors with different chemical scaffolds. Two mutations caused constitutive T3SS secretion. The pscF allele at its native locus, whether wild type (WT), constitutive, or PhA resistant, was dominant over other pscF alleles expressed from nonnative loci and promoters, but mixed phenotypes were observed in chromosomal ΔpscF strains with both WT and mutant alleles at nonnative loci. Some PhA-resistant mutants exhibited reduced translocation efficiency that was improved in a PhA dose-dependent manner, suggesting that PhA can bind to those resistant needles. In summary, these results are consistent with a direct interaction between PhA inhibitors and the T3SS needle, suggest a mechanism of blocking conformational changes, and demonstrate that PscF affects T3SS regulation, as well as carrying out secretion and translocation.IMPORTANCEP. aeruginosa effector toxin translocation into host innate immune cells is critical for the establishment and dissemination of P. aeruginosa infections. The medical need for new anti-P. aeruginosa agents is evident by the fact that P. aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia is associated with a high mortality rate (40 to 69%) and recurs in >30% of patients, even with standard-of-care antibiotic therapy. The results described here confirm roles for the PscF needle in T3SS secretion and translocation and suggest that it affects regulation, possibly by interaction with T3SS regulatory proteins. The results also support a model of direct interaction of the needle with PhA and suggest that, with further development, members of the PhA series may prove useful as drugs for P. aeruginosa infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bryan J Berube
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jaden Yabut
- Microbiotix, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Giang T Nguyen
- Tufts Graduate School in Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Joan Mecsas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan R Hauser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chatterjee P, Sass G, Swietnicki W, Stevens DA. Review of Potential Pseudomonas Weaponry, Relevant to the Pseudomonas-Aspergillus Interplay, for the Mycology Community. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6020081. [PMID: 32517271 PMCID: PMC7345761 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most prominent opportunistic bacteria in airways of cystic fibrosis patients and in immunocompromised patients. These bacteria share the same polymicrobial niche with other microbes, such as the opportunistic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Their inter-kingdom interactions and diverse exchange of secreted metabolites are responsible for how they both fare in competition for ecological niches. The outcomes of their contests likely determine persistent damage and degeneration of lung function. With a myriad of virulence factors and metabolites of promising antifungal activity, P. aeruginosa products or their derivatives may prove useful in prophylaxis and therapy against A. fumigatus. Quorum sensing underlies the primary virulence strategy of P. aeruginosa, which serves as cell–cell communication and ultimately leads to the production of multiple virulence factors. Understanding the quorum-sensing-related pathogenic mechanisms of P. aeruginosa is a first step for understanding intermicrobial competition. In this review, we provide a basic overview of some of the central virulence factors of P. aeruginosa that are regulated by quorum-sensing response pathways and briefly discuss the hitherto known antifungal properties of these virulence factors. This review also addresses the role of the bacterial secretion machinery regarding virulence factor secretion and maintenance of cell–cell communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulami Chatterjee
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA 95128, USA; (P.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriele Sass
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA 95128, USA; (P.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Wieslaw Swietnicki
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 50-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - David A. Stevens
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA 95128, USA; (P.C.); (G.S.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-408-998-4554
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu B, Song R, Xu J, Majhi PK, Yang X, Yang S, Jin Z, Chi YR. Access to Optically Enriched α-Aryloxycarboxylic Esters via Carbene-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution and Transesterification. Org Lett 2020; 22:3335-3338. [PMID: 32290663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Optically active α-aryloxycarboxylic acids and their derivatives are important functional molecules. Disclosed here is a carbene-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution and transesterification reaction for access to this class of molecules with up to 99% yields and 99:1 er values. Addition of a chiral carbene catalyst to the ester substrate leads to two diastereomeric azolium ester intermediates that can quickly epimerize to each other and thus allows for effective dynamic kinetic resolution to be realized. The optically enriched ester products from our reaction can be quickly transformed to chiral herbicides and other bioactive molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China.,Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Runjiang Song
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jun Xu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China.,Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Pankaj Kumar Majhi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xing Yang
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Song Yang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China.,Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ma YN, Chen L, Si NG, Jiang WJ, Zhou ZG, Liu JL, Zhang LQ. Identification of Benzyloxy Carbonimidoyl Dicyanide Derivatives as Novel Type III Secretion System Inhibitors via High-Throughput Screening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1059. [PMID: 31543889 PMCID: PMC6739442 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The type III secretion system (T3SS) in many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens is regarded as the most critical virulence determinant and an attractive target for novel anti-virulence drugs. In this study, we constructed a T3SS secretion reporter containing the β-lactamase gene fused with a signal peptide sequence of the T3SS effector gene, and established a high-throughput screening system for T3SS inhibitors in the plant pathogenic bacterium Acidovorax citrulli. From a library of 12,000 chemical compounds, we identified a series of benzyloxy carbonimidoyl dicyanide (BCD) derivatives that effectively blocked T3SS-dependent β-lactamase secretion. Substitution of halogens or nitro groups at the para-position on the benzene ring contributed to an increased inhibitory activity. One representative compound, BCD03 (3,4-dichloro-benzyloxy carbonimidoyl dicyanide), dramatically reduced pathogenicity of A. citrulli on melon seedlings, and attenuated hypersensitive responses in the non-host Nicotiana tabacum caused by pathogenic bacteria A. citrulli, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato at sub-MIC concentrations. Western blotting assay further confirmed that BCD03 inhibited effector secretion from the above bacteria via T3SS in the liquid medium. Taken together, our data suggest that BCD derivatives act as novel inhibitors of T3SS in multiple plant bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Ma
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co., Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Nai-Guo Si
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co., Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen-Jun Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhou
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co., Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Qun Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lyons BJE, Strynadka NCJ. On the road to structure-based development of anti-virulence therapeutics targeting the type III secretion system injectisome. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1273-1289. [PMID: 31534650 PMCID: PMC6748289 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00146h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The type III secretion system injectisome is a syringe-like multimembrane spanning nanomachine that is essential to the pathogenicity but not viability of many clinically relevant Gram-negative bacteria, such as enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Due to the rise in antibiotic resistance, new strategies must be developed to treat the growing spectre of drug resistant infections. Targeting the injectisome via an 'anti-virulence strategy' is a promising avenue to pursue as an alternative to the more commonly used bactericidal therapeutics, which have a high propensity for resulting resistance development and often more broad killing profile, including unwanted side effects in eliminating favourable members of the microbiome. Building on more than a decade of crystallographic work of truncated or isolated forms of the more than two dozen components of the secretion apparatus, recent advances in the field of single-particle cryo-electron microscopy have allowed for the elucidation of atomic resolution structures for many of the type III secretion system components in their assembled, oligomerized state including the needle complex, export apparatus and ATPase. Cryo-electron tomography studies have also advanced our understanding of the direct pathogen-host interaction between the type III secretion system translocon and host cell membrane. These new structural works that further our understanding of the myriad of protein-protein interactions that promote injectisome function will be highlighted in this review, with a focus on those that yield promise for future anti-virulence drug discovery and design. Recently developed inhibitors, including both synthetic, natural product and peptide inhibitors, as well as promising new developments of immunotherapeutics will be discussed. As our understanding of this intricate molecular machinery advances, the development of anti-virulence inhibitors can be enhanced through structure-guided drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn J E Lyons
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Blood Research , University of British Columbia , 2350 Health Sciences Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z3 , Canada .
| | - Natalie C J Strynadka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Blood Research , University of British Columbia , 2350 Health Sciences Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z3 , Canada .
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health threat that has stimulated the scientific community to search for nontraditional therapeutic targets. Because virulence, but not the growth, of many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens depends on the multicomponent type three secretion system injectisome (T3SSi), the T3SSi has been an attractive target for identifying small molecules, peptides, and monoclonal antibodies that inhibit its function to render the pathogen avirulent. While many small-molecule lead compounds have been identified in whole-cell-based high-throughput screens (HTSs), only a few protein targets of these compounds are known; such knowledge is an important step to developing more potent and specific inhibitors. Evaluation of the efficacy of compounds in animal studies is ongoing. Some efforts involving the development of antibodies and vaccines that target the T3SSi are further along and include an antibody that is currently in phase II clinical trials. Continued research into these antivirulence therapies, used alone or in combination with traditional antibiotics, requires combined efforts from both pharmaceutical companies and academic labs.
Collapse
|
22
|
Amato DN, Amato DV, Adewunmi Y, Mavrodi OV, Parsons KH, Swilley SN, Braasch DA, Walker WD, Mavrodi DV, Patton DL. Using Aldehyde Synergism To Direct the Design of Degradable Pro-Antimicrobial Networks. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1983-1991. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
23
|
Lakemeyer M, Zhao W, Mandl FA, Hammann P, Sieber SA. Thinking Outside the Box-Novel Antibacterials To Tackle the Resistance Crisis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14440-14475. [PMID: 29939462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The public view on antibiotics as reliable medicines changed when reports about "resistant superbugs" appeared in the news. While reasons for this resistance development are easily spotted, solutions for re-establishing effective antibiotics are still in their infancy. This Review encompasses several aspects of the antibiotic development pipeline from very early strategies to mature drugs. An interdisciplinary overview is given of methods suitable for mining novel antibiotics and strategies discussed to unravel their modes of action. Select examples of antibiotics recently identified by using these platforms not only illustrate the efficiency of these measures, but also highlight promising clinical candidates with therapeutic potential. Furthermore, the concept of molecules that disarm pathogens by addressing gatekeepers of virulence will be covered. The Review concludes with an evaluation of antibacterials currently in clinical development. Overall, this Review aims to connect select innovative antimicrobial approaches to stimulate interdisciplinary partnerships between chemists from academia and industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lakemeyer
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Weining Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Franziska A Mandl
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Hammann
- R&D Therapeutic Area Infectious Diseases, Sanofi-Aventis (Deutschland) GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lakemeyer M, Zhao W, Mandl FA, Hammann P, Sieber SA. Über bisherige Denkweisen hinaus - neue Wirkstoffe zur Überwindung der Antibiotika-Krise. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lakemeyer
- Fakultät für Chemie; Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM); Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Weining Zhao
- Fakultät für Chemie; Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM); Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Franziska A. Mandl
- Fakultät für Chemie; Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM); Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Peter Hammann
- R&D Therapeutic Area Infectious Diseases; Sanofi-Aventis (Deutschland) GmbH; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Deutschland
| | - Stephan A. Sieber
- Fakultät für Chemie; Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM); Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sheremet AB, Zigangirova NA, Zayakin ES, Luyksaar SI, Kapotina LN, Nesterenko LN, Kobets NV, Gintsburg AL. Small Molecule Inhibitor of Type Three Secretion System Belonging to a Class 2,4-disubstituted-4H-[1,3,4]-thiadiazine-5-ones Improves Survival and Decreases Bacterial Loads in an Airway Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5810767. [PMID: 30276212 PMCID: PMC6151375 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5810767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a cause of high mortality in burn, immunocompromised, and surgery patients. High incidence of antibiotic resistance in this pathogen makes the existent therapy inefficient. Type three secretion system (T3SS) is a leading virulence system of P. aeruginosa that actively suppresses host resistance and enhances the severity of infection. Innovative therapeutic strategies aiming at inhibition of type three secretion system of P. aeruginosa are highly attractive, as they may reduce the severity of clinical manifestations and improve antibacterial immune responses. They may also represent an attractive therapy for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Recently our laboratory developed a new small molecule inhibitor belonging to a class 2,4-disubstituted-4H-[1,3, 4]-thiadiazine-5-ones, Fluorothiazinon (FT), that effectively suppressed T3SS in chlamydia and salmonella in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we evaluate the activity of FT towards antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa expressing T3SS effectors ExoU and ExoS in an airway infection model. We found that FT reduced mortality and bacterial loads and decrease lung pathology and systemic inflammation. In addition, we show that FT inhibits the secretion of ExoT and ExoY, reduced bacteria cytotoxicity, and increased bacteria internalization in vitro. Overall, FT shows a strong potential as an antibacterial therapy of antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna B. Sheremet
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Naylia A. Zigangirova
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor S. Zayakin
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei I. Luyksaar
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lydia N. Kapotina
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila N. Nesterenko
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalie V. Kobets
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L. Gintsburg
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, designated by the World Health Organization as a critical priority for development of new therapeutics due to high levels of intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance. Other challenges include its versatility (it can persist in the environment and most strains are capable of causing disease in compromised hosts), robust efflux mechanisms that limit drug penetration, and the propensity to form antimicrobial-tolerant biofilms. Novel therapeutics in development to prevent or treat P. aeruginosa infections include vaccines, biologics such as antimicrobial peptides and therapeutic antibodies, virulence inhibitors, antimicrobials with novel targets, antibody-drug conjugates, resistance inhibitor-antibiotic or antibiotic-potentiator combinations, and bacteriophages or phage-derived lysins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lori L. Burrows
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, 4H18 Health Sciences Centre, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lam PL, Lee KKH, Wong RSM, Cheng GYM, Bian ZX, Chui CH, Gambari R. Recent advances on topical antimicrobials for skin and soft tissue infections and their safety concerns. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018; 44:40-78. [PMID: 28423970 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2017.1313811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance of disease-related microorganisms is considered a worldwide prevalent and serious issue which increases the failure of treatment outcomes and leads to high mortality. Considering that the increased resistance to systemic antimicrobial therapy often needs of the use of more toxic agents, topical antimicrobial therapy emerges as an attractive route for the treatment of infectious diseases. The topical antimicrobial therapy is based on the absorption of high drug doses in a readily accessible skin surface, resulting in a reduction of microbial proliferation at infected skin sites. Topical antimicrobials retain the following features: (a) they are able to escape the enzymatic degradation and rapid clearance in the gastrointestinal tract or the first-pass metabolism during oral administration; (b) alleviate the physical discomfort related to intravenous injection; (c) reduce possible adverse effects and drug interactions of systemic administrations; (d) increase patient compliance and convenience; and (e) reduce the treatment costs. Novel antimicrobials for topical application have been widely exploited to control the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms. This review provides a description of antimicrobial resistance, common microorganisms causing skin and soft tissue infections, topical delivery route of antimicrobials, safety concerns of topical antimicrobials, recent advances, challenges and future prospective in topical antimicrobial development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P L Lam
- a Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - K K H Lee
- b Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - R S M Wong
- b Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - G Y M Cheng
- c Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Macau , Macau , P.R. China
| | - Z X Bian
- d Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - C H Chui
- a Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
- d Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - R Gambari
- e Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Centre of Biotechnology , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Impact of Type III Secretion Effectors and of Phenoxyacetamide Inhibitors of Type III Secretion on Abscess Formation in a Mouse Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.01202-17. [PMID: 28807906 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01202-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of intra-abdominal infections, wound infections, and community-acquired folliculitis, each of which may involve macro- or microabscess formation. The rising incidence of multidrug resistance among P. aeruginosa isolates has increased both the economic burden and the morbidity and mortality associated with P. aeruginosa disease and necessitates a search for novel therapeutics. Previous work from our group detailed novel phenoxyacetamide inhibitors that block type III secretion and injection into host cells in vitro In this study, we used a mouse model of P. aeruginosa abscess formation to test the in vivo efficacy of these compounds against the P. aeruginosa type III secretion system (T3SS). Bacteria used the T3SS to intoxicate infiltrating neutrophils to establish abscesses. Despite this antagonism, sufficient numbers of functioning neutrophils remained for proper containment of the abscesses, as neutrophil depletion resulted in an increased abscess size, the formation of dermonecrotic lesions on the skin, and the dissemination of P. aeruginosa to internal organs. Consistent with the specificity of the T3SS-neutrophil interaction, P. aeruginosa bacteria lacking a functional T3SS were fully capable of causing abscesses in a neutropenic host. Phenoxyacetamide inhibitors attenuated abscess formation and aided in the immune clearance of the bacteria. Finally, a P. aeruginosa strain resistant to the phenoxyacetamide compound was fully capable of causing abscess formation even in the presence of the T3SS inhibitors. Together, our results further define the role of type III secretion in murine abscess formation and demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of phenoxyacetamide inhibitors in P. aeruginosa infection.
Collapse
|
29
|
Dickey SW, Cheung GYC, Otto M. Different drugs for bad bugs: antivirulence strategies in the age of antibiotic resistance. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:457-471. [PMID: 28337021 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rapid evolution and dissemination of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens are outpacing the development of new antibiotics, but antivirulence agents provide an alternative. These agents can circumvent antibiotic resistance by disarming pathogens of virulence factors that facilitate human disease while leaving bacterial growth pathways - the target of traditional antibiotics - intact. Either as stand-alone medications or together with antibiotics, these drugs are intended to treat bacterial infections in a largely pathogen-specific manner. Notably, development of antivirulence drugs requires an in-depth understanding of the roles that diverse virulence factors have in disease processes. In this Review, we outline the theory behind antivirulence strategies and provide examples of bacterial features that can be targeted by antivirulence approaches. Furthermore, we discuss the recent successes and failures of this paradigm, and new developments that are in the pipeline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth W Dickey
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
| | - Gordon Y C Cheung
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
| | - Michael Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xiao ZP, Wei W, Liu Q, Wang PF, Luo X, Chen FY, Cao Y, Huang HX, Liu MM, Zhu HL. C-7 modified flavonoids as novel tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty C-7 modified flavonoids were designed and synthesized.
Collapse
|
31
|
Anantharajah A, Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Van Bambeke F. Targeting the Type Three Secretion System in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:734-749. [PMID: 27344210 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The injectisome type three secretion system (T3SS) is a major virulence factor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This bacterium is responsible for severe infections in immunosuppressed or cystic fibrosis patients and has become resistant to many antibiotics. Inhibitors of T3SS may therefore constitute an innovative therapeutic target. After a brief description of the T3SS and its regulation, this review presents strategies to inhibit T3SS-mediated toxicity and describes the main families of existing inhibitors. Over the past few years, 12 classes of small-molecule inhibitors and two types of antibody have been discovered and evaluated in vitro for their capacity to inhibit T3SS expression or function, and to protect host cells from T3SS-mediated cytotoxicity. While only one small molecule has been tested in vivo, a bifunctional antibody targeting both the translocation apparatus of the T3SS and a surface polysaccharide is currently in Phase II clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahalieyah Anantharajah
- Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Paule Mingeot-Leclercq
- Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Françoise Van Bambeke
- Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wagner S, Sommer R, Hinsberger S, Lu C, Hartmann RW, Empting M, Titz A. Novel Strategies for the Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5929-69. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Wagner
- Chemical
Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roman Sommer
- Chemical
Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Hinsberger
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
- Drug
Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Cenbin Lu
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
- Drug
Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
- Drug
Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martin Empting
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
- Drug
Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical
Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExsA DNA-Binding Activity by N-Hydroxybenzimidazoles. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:766-76. [PMID: 26574012 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02242-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system (T3SS) is a primary virulence determinant and a potential target for antivirulence drugs. One candidate target is ExsA, a member of the AraC family of DNA-binding proteins required for expression of the T3SS. A previous study identified small molecules based on an N-hydroxybenzimidazole scaffold that inhibit the DNA-binding activity of several AraC proteins, including ExsA. In this study, we further characterized a panel of N-hydroxybenzimidazoles. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) for the tested N-hydroxybenzimidazoles ranged from 8 to 45 μM in DNA-binding assays. Each of the N-hydroxybenzimidazoles protected mammalian cells from T3SS-dependent cytotoxicity, and protection correlated with reduced T3SS gene expression in a coculture infection model. Binding studies with the purified ExsA DNA-binding domain (i.e., lacking the amino-terminal self-association domain) confirmed that the activity of N-hydroxybenzimidazoles results from interactions with the DNA-binding domain. The interaction is specific, as an unrelated DNA-binding protein (Vfr) was unaffected by N-hydroxybenzimidazoles. ExsA homologs that control T3SS gene expression in Yersinia pestis, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were also sensitive to N-hydroxybenzimidazoles. Although ExsA and Y. pestis LcrF share 79% sequence identity in the DNA-binding domain, differential sensitivities to several of the N-hydroxybenzimidazoles were observed. Site-directed mutagenesis based on in silico docking of inhibitors to the DNA-binding domain, and on amino acid differences between ExsA and LcrF, resulted in the identification of several substitutions that altered the sensitivity of ExsA to N-hydroxybenzimidazoles. Development of second-generation compounds targeted to the same binding pocket could lead to drugs with improved pharmacological properties.
Collapse
|