1
|
Guo Z, Duan Y, Sun K, Zheng T, Liu J, Xu S, Xu J. Advances in SHP2 tunnel allosteric inhibitors and bifunctional molecules. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116579. [PMID: 38889611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
SHP2 is a non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase encoded by PTPN11, which performs the functions of regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and survival through removing tyrosine phosphorylation and modulating various signaling pathways. The overexpression of SHP2 or its mutations is related to developmental diseases and several cancers. Numerous allosteric inhibitors with striking inhibitory potency against SHP2 allosteric pockets have recently been identified, and several SHP2 tunnel allosteric inhibitors have been applied in clinical trials to treat cancers. However, based on clinical results, the efficacy of single-agent treatments has been proven to be suboptimal. Most clinical trials involving SHP2 inhibitors have adopted drug combination strategies. This review briefly discusses the research progress on SHP2 allosteric inhibitors and pathway-dependent drug combination strategies for SHP2 in cancer therapy. In addition, we summarize the current bifunctional molecules of SHP2 and elaborate on the design and structural optimization strategies of these bifunctional molecules in detail, offering further direction for the research on novel SHP2 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Yiping Duan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Tiandong Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Shengtao Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Jinyi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang WC, Gong DH, Hong Wu, Gao YY, Hao GF. Grasping cryptic binding sites to neutralize drug resistance in the field of anticancer. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103705. [PMID: 37453458 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a significant obstacle to successful cancer treatment. The utilization and development of cryptic binding sites (CBSs) in proteins involved in cancer-related drug-resistance (CRDR) could help to overcome that drug resistance. However, there is no comprehensive review of the successful use of CBSs in addressing CRDR. Here, we have systematically summarized and analyzed the opportunities and challenges of using CBSs in addressing CRDR and revealed the key role that CBSs have in targeting CRDR. First, we have identified the CRDR targets and the corresponding CBSs. Second, we discuss the mechanisms by which CBSs can overcome CRDR. Finally, we have provided examples of successful CBS applications in addressing CRDR. We hope that this approach will provide guidance to biologists and chemists in effectively utilizing CBSs for the development of new drugs to alleviate CRDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Dao-Hong Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hong Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yang-Yang Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Ge-Fei Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Torgeson KR, Clarkson MW, Granata D, Lindorff-Larsen K, Page R, Peti W. Conserved conformational dynamics determine enzyme activity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo5546. [PMID: 35921420 PMCID: PMC9348788 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo5546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Homologous enzymes often exhibit different catalytic rates despite a fully conserved active site. The canonical view is that an enzyme sequence defines its structure and function and, more recently, that intrinsic protein dynamics at different time scales enable and/or promote catalytic activity. Here, we show that, using the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B, residues surrounding the PTP1B active site promote dynamically coordinated chemistry necessary for PTP1B function. However, residues distant to the active site also undergo distinct intermediate time scale dynamics and these dynamics are correlated with its catalytic activity and thus allow for different catalytic rates in this enzyme family. We identify these previously undetected motions using coevolutionary coupling analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Our findings strongly indicate that conserved dynamics drives the enzymatic activity of the PTP family. Characterization of these conserved dynamics allows for the identification of novel regulatory elements (therapeutic binding pockets) that can be leveraged for the control of enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristiane R. Torgeson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Michael W. Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniele Granata
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kresten Lindorff-Larsen
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Page
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Wolfgang Peti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Buck SJ, Plaman BA, Bishop AC. Inhibition of SHP2 and SHP1 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity by Chemically Induced Dimerization. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:14180-14188. [PMID: 35559188 PMCID: PMC9089384 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), the enzymes that catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine residues, are important regulators of mammalian cell signaling, whose activity is misregulated in numerous human diseases. PTPs are also notoriously difficult to selectively modulate with small molecules, and relatively few small-molecule tools for controlling their activities in the context of complex signaling pathways have been developed. Here, we show that a chemical inducer of dimerization (CID) can be used to selectively and potently inhibit constructs of Src-homology-2-containing PTP 2 (SHP2) that have been engineered to contain dimerization domains. Our strategy was inspired by the naturally occurring mechanism of SHP2 regulation, in which the PTP activity of SHP2's catalytic domain is autoinhibited through an intramolecular interaction with the protein's N-terminal SH2 (N-SH2) domain. We have re-engineered this inhibitory interaction to function intermolecularly by independently fusing the SHP2 catalytic and N-SH2 domains to protein domains that heterodimerize upon the introduction of the CID rapamycin. We show that rapamycin-induced protein dimerization leads to potent inhibition of SHP2's catalytic activity, which is driven by increased proximity of the SHP2 catalytic and N-SH2 domains. We also demonstrate that CID-based inhibition of PTP activity can be applied to an oncogenic gain-of-function SHP2 mutant (E76K SHP2) and to the catalytic domain of the SHP2's closest homologue, SHP1. In sum, CID-driven inhibition of PTP activity provides a broadly applicable tool for inhibiting dimerizable forms of the SHP PTPs and represents a novel paradigm for selective PTP inhibition through inducible protein-protein interactions.
Collapse
|
5
|
Czako B, Sun Y, McAfoos T, Cross JB, Leonard PG, Burke JP, Carroll CL, Feng N, Harris AL, Jiang Y, Kang Z, Kovacs JJ, Mandal P, Meyers BA, Mseeh F, Parker CA, Yu SS, Williams CC, Wu Q, Di Francesco ME, Draetta G, Heffernan T, Marszalek JR, Kohl NE, Jones P. Discovery of 6-[(3 S,4 S)-4-Amino-3-methyl-2-oxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl]-3-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-one (IACS-15414), a Potent and Orally Bioavailable SHP2 Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15141-15169. [PMID: 34643390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) plays a role in receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), neurofibromin-1 (NF-1), and Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) mutant-driven cancers, as well as in RTK-mediated resistance, making the identification of small-molecule therapeutics that interfere with its function of high interest. Our quest to identify potent, orally bioavailable, and safe SHP2 inhibitors led to the discovery of a promising series of pyrazolopyrimidinones that displayed excellent potency but had a suboptimal in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) profile. Hypothesis-driven scaffold optimization led us to a series of pyrazolopyrazines with excellent PK properties across species but a narrow human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene (hERG) window. Subsequent optimization of properties led to the discovery of the pyrimidinone series, in which multiple members possessed excellent potency, optimal in vivo PK across species, and no off-target activities including no hERG liability up to 100 μM. Importantly, compound 30 (IACS-15414) potently suppressed the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway signaling and tumor growth in RTK-activated and KRASmut xenograft models in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Czako
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Yuting Sun
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology) University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Timothy McAfoos
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Jason B Cross
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Paul G Leonard
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Jason P Burke
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Christopher L Carroll
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Ningping Feng
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology) University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Angela L Harris
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology) University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Yongying Jiang
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Zhijun Kang
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Kovacs
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology) University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Pijus Mandal
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Brooke A Meyers
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology) University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Faika Mseeh
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Connor A Parker
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Simon S Yu
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Christopher C Williams
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Qi Wu
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Maria Emilia Di Francesco
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Giulio Draetta
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Timothy Heffernan
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology) University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Joseph R Marszalek
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology) University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Nancy E Kohl
- Navire Inc., 421 Kipling Street, Palo Alto, California 94301, United States
| | - Philip Jones
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pomorski A, Krężel A. Biarsenical fluorescent probes for multifunctional site-specific modification of proteins applicable in life sciences: an overview and future outlook. Metallomics 2021; 12:1179-1207. [PMID: 32658234 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00093k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent modification of proteins of interest (POI) in living cells is desired to study their behaviour and functions in their natural environment. In a perfect setting it should be easy to perform, inexpensive, efficient and site-selective. Although multiple chemical and biological methods have been developed, only a few of them are applicable for cellular studies thanks to their appropriate physical, chemical and biological characteristics. One such successful system is a tetracysteine tag/motif and its selective biarsenical binders (e.g. FlAsH and ReAsH). Since its discovery in 1998 by Tsien and co-workers, this method has been enhanced and revolutionized in terms of its efficiency, formed complex stability and breadth of application. Here, we overview the whole field of knowledge, while placing most emphasis on recent reports. We showcase the improvements of classical biarsenical probes with various optical properties as well as multifunctional molecules that add new characteristics to proteins. We also present the evolution of affinity tags and motifs of biarsenical probes demonstrating much more possibilities in cellular applications. We summarize protocols and reported observations so both beginners and advanced users of biarsenical probes can troubleshoot their experiments. We address the concerns regarding the safety of biarsenical probe application. We showcase examples in virology, studies on receptors or amyloid aggregation, where application of biarsenical probes allowed observations that previously were not possible. We provide a summary of current applications ranging from bioanalytical sciences to allosteric control of selected proteins. Finally, we present an outlook to encourage more researchers to use these magnificent probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pomorski
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tripathi RKP, Ayyannan SR. Emerging chemical scaffolds with potential SHP2 phosphatase inhibitory capabilities - A comprehensive review. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 97:721-773. [PMID: 33191603 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The drug discovery panorama is cluttered with promising therapeutic targets that have been deserted because of inadequate authentication and screening failures. Molecular targets formerly tagged as "undruggable" are nowadays being more cautiously cross-examined, and whilst they stay intriguing, numerous targets are emerging more accessible. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) excellently exemplifies a class of molecular targets that have transpired as druggable, with several small molecules and antibodies recently turned available for further development. In this respect, SHP2, a PTP, has emerged as one of the potential targets in the current pharmacological research, particularly for cancer, due to its critical role in various signalling pathways. Recently, few molecules with excellent potency have entered clinical trials, but none could reach the clinic. Consequently, search for novel, non-toxic, and specific SHP2 inhibitors are on purview. In this review, general aspects of SHP2 including its structure and mechanistic role in carcinogenesis have been presented. It also sheds light on the development of novel molecular architectures belonging to diverse chemical classes that have been proposed as SHP2-specific inhibitors along with their structure-activity relationships (SARs), stemming from chemical, mechanism-based and computer-aided studies reported since January 2015 to July 2020 (excluding patents), focusing on their potency and selectivity. The encyclopedic facts and discussions presented herein will hopefully facilitate researchers to design new ligands with better efficacy and selectivity against SHP2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rati Kailash Prasad Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Sushruta School of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Assam University (A Central University), Silchar, Assam, India.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Senthil Raja Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
LaMarche MJ, Acker M, Argintaru A, Bauer D, Boisclair J, Chan H, Chen CHT, Chen YN, Chen Z, Deng Z, Dore M, Dunstan D, Fan J, Fekkes P, Firestone B, Fodor M, Garcia-Fortanet J, Fortin PD, Fridrich C, Giraldes J, Glick M, Grunenfelder D, Hao HX, Hentemann M, Ho S, Jouk A, Kang ZB, Karki R, Kato M, Keen N, Koenig R, LaBonte LR, Larrow J, Liu G, Liu S, Majumdar D, Mathieu S, Meyer MJ, Mohseni M, Ntaganda R, Palermo M, Perez L, Pu M, Ramsey T, Reilly J, Sarver P, Sellers WR, Sendzik M, Shultz MD, Slisz J, Slocum K, Smith T, Spence S, Stams T, Straub C, Tamez V, Toure BB, Towler C, Wang P, Wang H, Williams SL, Yang F, Yu B, Zhang JH, Zhu S. Identification of TNO155, an Allosteric SHP2 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Cancer. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13578-13594. [PMID: 32910655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SHP2 is a nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase encoded by the PTPN11 gene and is involved in cell growth and differentiation via the MAPK signaling pathway. SHP2 also plays an important role in the programed cell death pathway (PD-1/PD-L1). As an oncoprotein as well as a potential immunomodulator, controlling SHP2 activity is of high therapeutic interest. As part of our comprehensive program targeting SHP2, we identified multiple allosteric binding modes of inhibition and optimized numerous chemical scaffolds in parallel. In this drug annotation report, we detail the identification and optimization of the pyrazine class of allosteric SHP2 inhibitors. Structure and property based drug design enabled the identification of protein-ligand interactions, potent cellular inhibition, control of physicochemical, pharmaceutical and selectivity properties, and potent in vivo antitumor activity. These studies culminated in the discovery of TNO155, (3S,4S)-8-(6-amino-5-((2-amino-3-chloropyridin-4-yl)thio)pyrazin-2-yl)-3-methyl-2-oxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decan-4-amine (1), a highly potent, selective, orally efficacious, and first-in-class SHP2 inhibitor currently in clinical trials for cancer.
Collapse
|
9
|
The Role of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP)-1B in Cardiovascular Disease and Its Interplay with Insulin Resistance. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070286. [PMID: 31319588 PMCID: PMC6680919 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a key feature of cardiovascular disorders associated with obesity and diabetes. Several studies identified protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-1B, a member of the PTP superfamily, as a major negative regulator for insulin receptor signaling and a novel molecular player in endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Unlike other anti-diabetic approaches, genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of PTP1B was found to improve glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling without causing lipid buildup in the liver, which represents an advantage over existing therapies. Furthermore, PTP1B was reported to contribute to cardiovascular disturbances, at various molecular levels, which places this enzyme as a unique single therapeutic target for both diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Synthesizing selective small molecule inhibitors for PTP1B is faced with multiple challenges linked to its similarity of sequence with other PTPs; however, overcoming these challenges would pave the way for novel approaches to treat diabetes and its concurrent cardiovascular complications. In this review article, we summarized the major roles of PTP1B in cardiovascular disease with special emphasis on endothelial dysfunction and its interplay with insulin resistance. Furthermore, we discussed some of the major challenges hindering the synthesis of selective inhibitors for PTP1B.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sarver P, Acker M, Bagdanoff JT, Chen Z, Chen YN, Chan H, Firestone B, Fodor M, Fortanet J, Hao H, Hentemann M, Kato M, Koenig R, LaBonte LR, Liu G, Liu S, Liu C, McNeill E, Mohseni M, Sendzik M, Stams T, Spence S, Tamez V, Tichkule R, Towler C, Wang H, Wang P, Williams SL, Yu B, LaMarche MJ. 6-Amino-3-methylpyrimidinones as Potent, Selective, and Orally Efficacious SHP2 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1793-1802. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
11
|
Marsh-Armstrong B, Fajnzylber JM, Korntner S, Plaman BA, Bishop AC. The Allosteric Site on SHP2's Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Domain is Targetable with Druglike Small Molecules. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15763-15770. [PMID: 30533581 PMCID: PMC6275946 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Difficulties in developing active-site-directed protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitors have led to the perception that PTPs are "undruggable", highlighting the need for new means to target pharmaceutically important PTPs allosterically. Recently, we characterized an allosteric-inhibition site on the PTP domain of Src-homology-2-domain-containing PTP 2 (SHP2), a key anticancer drug target. The central feature of SHP2's allosteric site is a nonconserved cysteine residue (C333) that can potentially be labeled with electrophilic compounds for selective SHP2 inhibition. Here, we describe the first directed discovery effort for C333-targeted allosteric SHP2 inhibitors. By screening a previously reported library of reversible, covalent inhibitors, we identified a lead compound, which was modified to yield an irreversible inhibitor (12), that inhibits SHP2 allosterically and selectively through interaction with C333. These findings provide a novel paradigm for allosteric-inhibitor discovery on SHP2, one that may help to circumvent the challenges inherent in targeting SHP2's active site.
Collapse
|
12
|
Korntner S, Pomorski A, Krężel A, Bishop AC. Optimized allosteric inhibition of engineered protein tyrosine phosphatases with an expanded palette of biarsenical small molecules. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2610-2620. [PMID: 29673715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), which catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine in protein substrates, are important cell-signaling regulators, as well as potential drug targets for a range of human diseases. Chemical tools for selectively targeting the activities of individual PTPs would help to elucidate PTP signaling roles and potentially expedite the validation of PTPs as therapeutic targets. We have recently reported a novel strategy for the design of non-natural allosteric-inhibition sites in PTPs, in which a tricysteine moiety is engineered within the PTP catalytic domain at a conserved location outside of the active site. Introduction of the tricysteine motif, which does not exist in any wild-type PTP, serves to sensitize target PTPs to inhibition by a biarsenical compound, providing a generalizable strategy for the generation of allosterically sensitized (as) PTPs. Here we show that the potency, selectivity, and kinetics of asPTP inhibition can be significantly improved by exploring the inhibitory action of a range of biarsenical compounds that differ in interarsenical distance, steric bulk, and electronic structure. By investigating the inhibitor sensitivities of five asPTPs from four different subfamilies, we have found that asPTP catalytic domains can be broadly divided into two groups: one that is most potently inhibited by biarsenical compounds with large interarsenical distances, such as AsCy3-EDT2, and one that is most potently inhibited by compounds with relatively small interarsenical distances, such as FlAsH-EDT2. Moreover, we show that a tetrachlorinated derivative of FlAsH-EDT2, Cl4FlAsH-EDT2, targets asPTPs significantly more potently than the parent compound, both in vitro and in asPTP-expressing cells. Our results show that biarsenicals with altered interarsenical distances and electronic properties are important tools for optimizing the control of asPTP activity and, more broadly, suggest that diversification of biarsenical libraries can serve to increase the efficacy of these compounds in targeted control of protein function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Korntner
- Amherst College, Department of Chemistry, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
| | - Adam Pomorski
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anthony C Bishop
- Amherst College, Department of Chemistry, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ruddraraju KV, Zhang ZY. Covalent inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 13:1257-1279. [PMID: 28534914 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00151g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are a large family of 107 signaling enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic removal of phosphate groups from tyrosine residues in a target protein. The phosphorylation status of tyrosine residues on proteins serve as a ubiquitous mechanism for cellular signal transduction. Aberrant function of PTPs can lead to many human diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. As the number of disease relevant PTPs increases, there is urgency in developing highly potent inhibitors that are selective towards specific PTPs. Most current efforts have been devoted to the development of active site-directed and reversible inhibitors for PTPs. This review summarizes recent progress made in the field of covalent inhibitors to target PTPs. Here, we discuss the in vivo and in vitro inactivation of various PTPs by small molecule-containing electrophiles, such as Michael acceptors, α-halo ketones, epoxides, and isothiocyanates, etc. as well as oxidizing agents. We also suggest potential strategies to transform these electrophiles into isozyme selective covalent PTP inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasi Viswanatharaju Ruddraraju
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fodor M, Price E, Wang P, Lu H, Argintaru A, Chen Z, Glick M, Hao HX, Kato M, Koenig R, LaRochelle JR, Liu G, McNeill E, Majumdar D, Nishiguchi GA, Perez LB, Paris G, Quinn CM, Ramsey T, Sendzik M, Shultz MD, Williams SL, Stams T, Blacklow SC, Acker MG, LaMarche MJ. Dual Allosteric Inhibition of SHP2 Phosphatase. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:647-656. [PMID: 29304282 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
SHP2 is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase encoded by the PTPN11 gene and is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Recently, we reported an allosteric mechanism of inhibition that stabilizes the auto-inhibited conformation of SHP2. SHP099 (1) was identified and characterized as a moderately potent, orally bioavailable, allosteric small molecule inhibitor, which binds to a tunnel-like pocket formed by the confluence of three domains of SHP2. In this report, we describe further screening strategies that enabled the identification of a second, distinct small molecule allosteric site. SHP244 (2) was identified as a weak inhibitor of SHP2 with modest thermal stabilization of the enzyme. X-ray crystallography revealed that 2 binds and stabilizes the inactive, closed conformation of SHP2, at a distinct, previously unexplored binding site-a cleft formed at the interface of the N-terminal SH2 and PTP domains. Derivatization of 2 using structure-based design resulted in an increase in SHP2 thermal stabilization, biochemical inhibition, and subsequent MAPK pathway modulation. Downregulation of DUSP6 mRNA, a downstream MAPK pathway marker, was observed in KYSE-520 cancer cells. Remarkably, simultaneous occupation of both allosteric sites by 1 and 2 was possible, as characterized by cooperative biochemical inhibition experiments and X-ray crystallography. Combining an allosteric site 1 inhibitor with an allosteric site 2 inhibitor led to enhanced pharmacological pathway inhibition in cells. This work illustrates a rare example of dual allosteric targeted protein inhibition, demonstrates screening methodology and tactics to identify allosteric inhibitors, and enables further interrogation of SHP2 in cancer and related pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Fodor
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Edmund Price
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hengyu Lu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andreea Argintaru
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zhouliang Chen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Meir Glick
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Huai-Xiang Hao
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mitsunori Kato
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert Koenig
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jonathan R. LaRochelle
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana−Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Gang Liu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric McNeill
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dyuti Majumdar
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gisele A. Nishiguchi
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lawrence B. Perez
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gregory Paris
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher M. Quinn
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy Ramsey
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin Sendzik
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael David Shultz
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sarah L. Williams
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Travis Stams
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen C. Blacklow
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana−Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Michael G. Acker
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew J. LaMarche
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lisi GP, Loria JP. Allostery in enzyme catalysis. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2017; 47:123-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
16
|
Chan WC, Knowlton GS, Bishop AC. Activation of Engineered Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases with the Biarsenical Compound AsCy3-EDT 2. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1950-1958. [PMID: 28745017 PMCID: PMC5923034 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Methods for activating signaling enzymes hold significant potential for the study of cellular signal transduction. Here we present a strategy for engineering chemically activatable protein tyrosine phosphatases (actPTPs). To generate actPTP1B, we introduced three cysteine point mutations in the enzyme's WPD loop. Biarsenical compounds were screened for the capability to bind actPTP1B's WPD loop and increase its phosphatase activity. We identified AsCy3-EDT2 as a robust activator that selectively targets actPTP1B in proteomic mixtures and intact cells. Introduction of the corresponding mutations in T-cell PTP also generates an enzyme (actTCPTP) that is strongly activated by AsCy3-EDT2 . Given the conservation of WPD-loop structure among the classical PTPs, our results potentially provide the groundwork of a widely generalizable approach for generating actPTPs as tools for elucidating PTP signaling roles as well as connections between dysregulated PTP activity and human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Cheung Chan
- Amherst College, Department of Chemistry, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
| | | | - Anthony C. Bishop
- Amherst College, Department of Chemistry, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Punthasee P, Laciak AR, Cummings AH, Ruddraraju KV, Lewis SM, Hillebrand R, Singh H, Tanner JJ, Gates KS. Covalent Allosteric Inactivation of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) by an Inhibitor–Electrophile Conjugate. Biochemistry 2017; 56:2051-2060. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Puminan Punthasee
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Adrian R. Laciak
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Andrea H. Cummings
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | | | - Sarah M. Lewis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Roman Hillebrand
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Harkewal Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - John J. Tanner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Kent S. Gates
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Garcia Fortanet J, Chen CHT, Chen YNP, Chen Z, Deng Z, Firestone B, Fekkes P, Fodor M, Fortin PD, Fridrich C, Grunenfelder D, Ho S, Kang ZB, Karki R, Kato M, Keen N, LaBonte LR, Larrow J, Lenoir F, Liu G, Liu S, Lombardo F, Majumdar D, Meyer MJ, Palermo M, Perez L, Pu M, Ramsey T, Sellers WR, Shultz MD, Stams T, Towler C, Wang P, Williams SL, Zhang JH, LaMarche MJ. Allosteric Inhibition of SHP2: Identification of a Potent, Selective, and Orally Efficacious Phosphatase Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7773-82. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Garcia Fortanet
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christine Hiu-Tung Chen
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ying-Nan P. Chen
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zhouliang Chen
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zhan Deng
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Brant Firestone
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter Fekkes
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michelle Fodor
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Pascal D. Fortin
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cary Fridrich
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Denise Grunenfelder
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Samuel Ho
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zhao B. Kang
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rajesh Karki
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mitsunori Kato
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nick Keen
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laura R. LaBonte
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jay Larrow
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Francois Lenoir
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gang Liu
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shumei Liu
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Franco Lombardo
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dyuti Majumdar
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew J. Meyer
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark Palermo
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lawrence Perez
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Minying Pu
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy Ramsey
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William R. Sellers
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael D. Shultz
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Travis Stams
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher Towler
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sarah L. Williams
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ji-Hu Zhang
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew J. LaMarche
- Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Oncology Disease
Area, §Center
for Proteomic Chemistry, ∥Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, and ⊥Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chio CM, Cheng KW, Bishop AC. Direct Chemical Activation of a Rationally Engineered Signaling Enzyme. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1735-9. [PMID: 26063205 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Few chemical strategies for activating enzymes have been developed. Here we show that a biarsenical compound (FlAsH) can directly activate a rationally engineered protein tyrosine phosphatase (Shp2 PTP) by disrupting autoinhibitory interactions between Shp2's N-terminal SH2 domain and its PTP domain. We found that introducing a tricysteine motif at a loop of Shp2's N-SH2 domain confers affinity for FlAsH; binding of FlAsH to the cysteine-enriched loop relieves Shp2's inhibitory interdomain interaction and substantially increases the enzyme's PTP activity. Activation of engineered Shp2 is substrate independent and is observed in the contexts of both purified enzyme and complex proteomes. A chemical means for activating Shp2 could be useful for investigating its roles in signaling and oncogenesis, and the loop-targeting strategy described herein could provide a blueprint for the development of target-specific activators of other autoinhibited enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Chio
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002 (USA)
| | - Karen W Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002 (USA)
| | - Anthony C Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002 (USA).
| |
Collapse
|