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Boda AR, Liu AJ, Castro-Pando S, Whitfield BT, Molldrem JJ, Al-Atrash G, Di Francesco ME, Jones P, Ager CR, Curran MA. Identification of Nonfunctional Alternatively Spliced Isoforms of STING in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Res Commun 2024; 4:911-918. [PMID: 38477596 PMCID: PMC10962316 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Lack of robust activation of Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway and subsequent induction of type I IFN responses is considered a barrier to antitumor immunity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Using common human AML cell lines as in vitro tools to evaluate the efficacy of novel STING agonists, we found most AML lines to be poor producers of IFNs upon exposure to extremely potent agonists, suggesting cell-intrinsic suppression of STING signaling may occur. We observed unexpected patterns of response that did not correlate with levels of STING pathway components or of known enzymes associated with resistance. To identify a genetic basis for these observations, we cloned and sequenced STING from the cDNA of human AML cell lines and found both frequent mutations and deviations from normal RNA splicing. We identified two novel spliced isoforms of STING in these lines and validated their expression in primary human AML samples. When transduced into reporter cells, these novel STING isoforms exhibited complete insensitivity to agonist stimulation. These observations identify alternative splicing as a mechanism of STING pathway suppression and suggest that most AML silences the STING pathway through direct modification rather than through engagement of external inhibitory factors. SIGNIFICANCE We find that AML acquires resistance to innate immune activation via the STING pathway through aberrant splicing of the STING transcript including two novel forms described herein that act as dominant negatives. These data broaden understanding of how cancers evolve STING resistance, and suggest that the AML tumor microenvironment, not the cancer cell, should be the target of therapeutic interventions to activate STING.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash R. Boda
- Immunology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Arthur J. Liu
- Immunology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Susana Castro-Pando
- Immunology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Benjamin T. Whitfield
- Immunology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey J. Molldrem
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gheath Al-Atrash
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria Emilia Di Francesco
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Philip Jones
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Casey R. Ager
- Department of Immunology, The Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Michael A. Curran
- Immunology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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2
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Yap TA, Daver N, Mahendra M, Zhang J, Kamiya-Matsuoka C, Meric-Bernstam F, Kantarjian HM, Ravandi F, Collins ME, Francesco MED, Dumbrava EE, Fu S, Gao S, Gay JP, Gera S, Han J, Hong DS, Jabbour EJ, Ju Z, Karp DD, Lodi A, Molina JR, Baran N, Naing A, Ohanian M, Pant S, Pemmaraju N, Bose P, Piha-Paul SA, Rodon J, Salguero C, Sasaki K, Singh AK, Subbiah V, Tsimberidou AM, Xu QA, Yilmaz M, Zhang Q, Li Y, Bristow CA, Bhattacharjee MB, Tiziani S, Heffernan TP, Vellano CP, Jones P, Heijnen CJ, Kavelaars A, Marszalek JR, Konopleva M. Complex I inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation in advanced solid tumors and acute myeloid leukemia: phase I trials. Nat Med 2023; 29:115-126. [PMID: 36658425 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although targeting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is a rational anticancer strategy, clinical benefit with OXPHOS inhibitors has yet to be achieved. Here we advanced IACS-010759, a highly potent and selective small-molecule complex I inhibitor, into two dose-escalation phase I trials in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (NCT02882321, n = 17) and advanced solid tumors (NCT03291938, n = 23). The primary endpoints were safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of IACS-010759. The PK, PD, and preliminary antitumor activities of IACS-010759 in patients were also evaluated as secondary endpoints in both clinical trials. IACS-010759 had a narrow therapeutic index with emergent dose-limiting toxicities, including elevated blood lactate and neurotoxicity, which obstructed efforts to maintain target exposure. Consequently no RP2D was established, only modest target inhibition and limited antitumor activity were observed at tolerated doses, and both trials were discontinued. Reverse translational studies in mice demonstrated that IACS-010759 induced behavioral and physiological changes indicative of peripheral neuropathy, which were minimized with the coadministration of a histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the association between OXPHOS inhibition and neurotoxicity, and caution is warranted in the continued development of complex I inhibitors as antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Yap
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mikhila Mahendra
- Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carlos Kamiya-Matsuoka
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hagop M Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meghan E Collins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Maria Emilia Di Francesco
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ecaterina E Dumbrava
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Siqing Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sisi Gao
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason P Gay
- Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sonal Gera
- Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Han
- Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elias J Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhenlin Ju
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel D Karp
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alessia Lodi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer R Molina
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natalia Baran
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maro Ohanian
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shubham Pant
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prithviraj Bose
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarina A Piha-Paul
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jordi Rodon
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carolina Salguero
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Koji Sasaki
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anand K Singh
- Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Apostolia M Tsimberidou
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Quanyun A Xu
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Musa Yilmaz
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meenakshi B Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher P Vellano
- Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip Jones
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Cobi J Heijnen
- Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Annemieke Kavelaars
- Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph R Marszalek
- Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Boda A, Ager C, Rajapakshe K, Lea S, Francesco MED, Jones P, Curran M. 758 High-potency synthetic STING agonists rewire the myeloid stroma in the tumour microenvironment to amplify immune checkpoint blockade efficacy in refractory pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies and is clinically unresponsive to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy.1 2 High densities of immunosuppressive myeloid cells,3 a paucity of antigen-presenting cells4–6 and T cell exclusion from tumour microenvironment7 all contribute to the refractory nature of PDAC to immune-based therapies. We and others have shown that innate immune activation of myeloid stroma via engagement of the STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) pathway can mediate proinflammatory remodeling and trigger a flood of T cell infiltration into otherwise 'cold' tumours.8–11 To that end, intratumoral injection of cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) agonists of the STING pathway has been shown to foster local and abscopal tumor immunity.8–10 Despite proven therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models, the mechanistic basis at a cellular level of how CDNs reprogram the suppressive myeloid stroma to sensitise tumours to ICB is poorly understood.MethodsUsing RNA sequencing and protein arrays we profiled myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) and M2 macrophage function following stimulation with CDNs of ascending potency. We describe the effects of CDN STING agonists on cell cycle dynamics, metabolic reprogramming and c-Myc expression in MDSCs. Next, in an orthotopic Kras+/G12DTP53+/R172HPdx1-Cre (KPC)-derived model of PDAC, we determined the ability of intratumorally-administered CDNs to sensitise PDAC to checkpoint blockade using bioluminescent in vivo imaging and multi-parameter flow cytometry of tumor stroma post-therapy.ResultsMulti-omics profiling of MDSCs and M2 Macrophages of human and murine origin show that high-potency synthetic STING agonists rewire these populations from immunosuppressive to immune-permissive phenotypes in part through inhibition of c-Myc signaling, energy metabolic modulation, and antagonism of cell cycle. Intratumoral injection of the STING agonist, IACS-8803 resulted in an amplified therapeutic response to checkpoint blockade that was dependent on T/NK cell infiltration into the tumour. Furthermore, dimensionality reduction analyses of multiparameter flow cytometry data show proinflammatory remodeling of the myeloid stroma and enhanced T cell function as salient features of synthetic agonists versus natural CDNs in orchestrating the in vivo therapeutic benefit.ConclusionsThis study uncovers molecular and cellular mechanisms by which STING agonists drive proinflammatory conversion of tumour myeloid stroma. We are the first to report that synthetic CDN STING agonists affect MDSC and M2 macrophage repolarization through altering energy metabolism and c-Myc signalling. Lastly, we demonstrate the potential for high-potency STING agonists to overcome resistance to checkpoint blockade in an aggressive orthotopic tumour model of PDAC.ReferencesRoyal RE, Levy C, et al. Phase 2 trial of single agent Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) for locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Immunother 2010;33(8):828–33.Brahmer JR, Tykodi SS, et al. Safety and activity of anti-PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancer. N Engl J Med 2012;366(26):2455–65.Karakhanova S, Link J. Characterization of myeloid leukocytes and soluble mediators in pancreatic cancer: importance of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Oncoimmunology 2015;4:e998519.Dallal RM, Christakos P, et al. Paucity of dendritic cells in pancreatic cancer. Surgery 2002;131:135–138.Yamamoto T, Yanagimoto H, et al. Circulating myeloid dendritic cells as prognostic factors in patients with pancreatic cancer who have undergone surgical resection. J Surg Res 2012;173:299–308.Hegde S, Krisnawan V, et al. Dendritic cell paucity leads to dysfunctional immune surveillance in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell 2020;37(3):289–307.Beatty GL, Winograd R, et al. Exclusion of T cells from pancreatic carcinomas in mice is regulated by Ly6Clow F4/80+ extratumoral macrophages. Gastroenterology 2015;149(1):201–210.Baird JR, Friedman D, et al. Radiotherapy combined with novel STING-Targeting oligonucleotides results in regression of established tumors. Cancer Res 2016;76(1):50–61.Ager CR, Reilley MJ, et al. Intratumoral STING activation with T-cell checkpoint modulation generates systemic antitumor immunity. Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5(8):676–84.Smith TT, Moffett HF, et al. Biopolymers codelivering engineered T cells and STING agonists can eliminate heterogeneous tumors. J Clin Invest 2017;127(6):2176–91.Jing W, McAllister D, et al. STING agonist inflames the pancreatic cancer immune microenvironment and reduces tumor burden in mouse models. J Immunother Cancer 2019;7(1):115.
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Evans KW, Yuca E, Scott SS, Zhao M, Paez Arango N, Cruz Pico CX, Saridogan T, Shariati M, Class CA, Bristow CA, Vellano CP, Zheng X, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Su X, Tapia C, Chen K, Akcakanat A, Lim B, Tripathy D, Yap TA, Francesco MED, Draetta GF, Jones P, Heffernan TP, Marszalek JR, Meric-Bernstam F. Oxidative Phosphorylation Is a Metabolic Vulnerability in Chemotherapy-Resistant Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5572-5581. [PMID: 34518211 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is an active metabolic pathway in many cancers. RNA from pretreatment biopsies from patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy demonstrated that the top canonical pathway associated with worse outcome was higher expression of OXPHOS signature. IACS-10759, a novel inhibitor of OXPHOS, stabilized growth in multiple TNBC patient-derived xenografts (PDX). On gene expression profiling, all of the sensitive models displayed a basal-like 1 TNBC subtype. Expression of mitochondrial genes was significantly higher in sensitive PDXs. An in vivo functional genomics screen to identify synthetic lethal targets in tumors treated with IACS-10759 found several potential targets, including CDK4. We validated the antitumor efficacy of the combination of palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, and IACS-10759 in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the combination of IACS-10759 and multikinase inhibitor cabozantinib had improved antitumor efficacy. Taken together, our data suggest that OXPHOS is a metabolic vulnerability in TNBC that may be leveraged with novel therapeutics in combination regimens. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that triple-negative breast cancer is highly reliant on OXPHOS and that inhibiting OXPHOS may be a novel approach to enhance efficacy of several targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt W Evans
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Erkan Yuca
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen S Scott
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Natalia Paez Arango
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christian X Cruz Pico
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Turcin Saridogan
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maryam Shariati
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Caleb A Class
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher P Vellano
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ana Maria Gonzalez-Angulo
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Coya Tapia
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ken Chen
- The Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Argun Akcakanat
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bora Lim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Debu Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria Emilia Di Francesco
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Giulio F Draetta
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Philip Jones
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph R Marszalek
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Czako B, Sun Y, McAfoos T, Cross JB, Leonard PG, Burke JP, Carroll CL, Feng N, Harris AL, Jiang Y, Kang Z, Kovacs JJ, Mandal P, Meyers BA, Mseeh F, Parker CA, Yu SS, Williams CC, Wu Q, Di Francesco ME, Draetta G, Heffernan T, Marszalek JR, Kohl NE, Jones P. Discovery of 6-[(3 S,4 S)-4-Amino-3-methyl-2-oxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl]-3-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-one (IACS-15414), a Potent and Orally Bioavailable SHP2 Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15141-15169. [PMID: 34643390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) plays a role in receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), neurofibromin-1 (NF-1), and Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) mutant-driven cancers, as well as in RTK-mediated resistance, making the identification of small-molecule therapeutics that interfere with its function of high interest. Our quest to identify potent, orally bioavailable, and safe SHP2 inhibitors led to the discovery of a promising series of pyrazolopyrimidinones that displayed excellent potency but had a suboptimal in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) profile. Hypothesis-driven scaffold optimization led us to a series of pyrazolopyrazines with excellent PK properties across species but a narrow human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene (hERG) window. Subsequent optimization of properties led to the discovery of the pyrimidinone series, in which multiple members possessed excellent potency, optimal in vivo PK across species, and no off-target activities including no hERG liability up to 100 μM. Importantly, compound 30 (IACS-15414) potently suppressed the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway signaling and tumor growth in RTK-activated and KRASmut xenograft models in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Czako
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Yuting Sun
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology) University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Timothy McAfoos
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Jason B Cross
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Paul G Leonard
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Jason P Burke
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Christopher L Carroll
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Ningping Feng
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology) University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Angela L Harris
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology) University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Yongying Jiang
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Zhijun Kang
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Kovacs
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology) University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Pijus Mandal
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Brooke A Meyers
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology) University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Faika Mseeh
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Connor A Parker
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Simon S Yu
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Christopher C Williams
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Qi Wu
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Maria Emilia Di Francesco
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Giulio Draetta
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Timothy Heffernan
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology) University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Joseph R Marszalek
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology) University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Nancy E Kohl
- Navire Inc., 421 Kipling Street, Palo Alto, California 94301, United States
| | - Philip Jones
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
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6
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Ager CR, Boda A, Rajapakshe K, Lea ST, Di Francesco ME, Jayaprakash P, Slay RB, Morrow B, Prasad R, Dean MA, Duffy CR, Coarfa C, Jones P, Curran MA. High potency STING agonists engage unique myeloid pathways to reverse pancreatic cancer immune privilege. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003246. [PMID: 34341132 PMCID: PMC8330562 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intratumoral injection of cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) agonists of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway engages innate immune activation and priming of adaptive immune effectors to foster local and distal tumor clearance. Despite proven therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models, a thorough understanding of how CDNs reprogram suppressive myeloid stroma in mouse and man is lacking. METHODS Here, we perform deep transcript-level and protein-level profiling of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and M2 macrophages following stimulation with CDNs of ascending potency. Additionally, we leverage orthotopic Kras+/G12DTP53+/R172HPdx1-Cre (KPC) derived models of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to determine the capacity for locally administered CDNs to sensitize PDAC to immune checkpoint blockade. We use bioluminescent in vivo imaging and 30-parameter flow cytometry to profile growth kinetics and remodeling of the tumor stroma post-therapy. RESULTS Highly potent synthetic STING agonists repolarize suppressive myeloid populations of human and murine origin in part through inhibition of Myc signaling, metabolic modulation, and antagonism of cell cycle. Surprisingly, high-potency synthetic agonists engage qualitatively unique pathways as compared with natural CDNs. Consistent with our mechanistic observations, we find that intratumoral injection of the highest activity STING agonist, IACS-8803, into orthotopic pancreatic adenocarcinoma lesions unmasks sensitivity to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Dimensionality reduction analyses of high parameter flow cytometry data reveals substantial contributions of both myeloid repolarization and T cell activation underlying the in vivo therapeutic benefit of this approach. CONCLUSIONS This study defines the molecular basis of STING-mediated myeloid reprogramming, revealing previously unappreciated and qualitatively unique pathways engaged by CDNs of ascending potency during functional repolarization. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential for high potency CDNs to overcome immunotherapy resistance in an orthotopic, multifocal model of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey R Ager
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,Immunology Program, University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA,Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Akash Boda
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,Immunology Program, University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Spencer Thomas Lea
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,Immunology Program, University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maria Emilia Di Francesco
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Priyamvada Jayaprakash
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ravaen B Slay
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brittany Morrow
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,Immunology Program, University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rishika Prasad
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,Immunology Program, University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Meghan A Dean
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Colm R Duffy
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,Immunology Program, University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Philip Jones
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael A Curran
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,Immunology Program, University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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7
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Soth MJ, Le K, Di Francesco ME, Hamilton MM, Liu G, Burke JP, Carroll CL, Kovacs JJ, Bardenhagen JP, Bristow CA, Cardozo M, Czako B, de Stanchina E, Feng N, Garvey JR, Gay JP, Do MKG, Greer J, Han M, Harris A, Herrera Z, Huang S, Giuliani V, Jiang Y, Johnson SB, Johnson TA, Kang Z, Leonard PG, Liu Z, McAfoos T, Miller M, Morlacchi P, Mullinax RA, Palmer WS, Pang J, Rogers N, Rudin CM, Shepard HE, Spencer ND, Theroff J, Wu Q, Xu A, Yau JA, Draetta G, Toniatti C, Heffernan TP, Jones P. Discovery of IPN60090, a Clinical Stage Selective Glutaminase-1 (GLS-1) Inhibitor with Excellent Pharmacokinetic and Physicochemical Properties. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12957-12977. [PMID: 33118821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of glutaminase-1 (GLS-1) hampers the proliferation of tumor cells reliant on glutamine. Known glutaminase inhibitors have potential limitations, and in vivo exposures are potentially limited due to poor physicochemical properties. We initiated a GLS-1 inhibitor discovery program focused on optimizing physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, and have developed a new selective inhibitor, compound 27 (IPN60090), which is currently in phase 1 clinical trials. Compound 27 attains high oral exposures in preclinical species, with strong in vivo target engagement, and should robustly inhibit glutaminase in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Soth
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kang Le
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Maria Emilia Di Francesco
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Matthew M Hamilton
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Gang Liu
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jason P Burke
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Chris L Carroll
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Kovacs
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jennifer P Bardenhagen
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Mario Cardozo
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Barbara Czako
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility-Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ningping Feng
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jill R Garvey
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jason P Gay
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Mary K Geck Do
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jennifer Greer
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Michelle Han
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Angela Harris
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zachary Herrera
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Sha Huang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Virginia Giuliani
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Yongying Jiang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Sarah B Johnson
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Troy A Johnson
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zhijun Kang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Paul G Leonard
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Timothy McAfoos
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Meredith Miller
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Pietro Morlacchi
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Robert A Mullinax
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Wylie S Palmer
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jihai Pang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Norma Rogers
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Drunkenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York New York 10065, United States
| | - Hannah E Shepard
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Nakia D Spencer
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jay Theroff
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Qi Wu
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Alan Xu
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ju Anne Yau
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Giulio Draetta
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States.,Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Carlo Toniatti
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Philip Jones
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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8
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Sun Y, Meyers BA, Czako B, Leonard P, Mseeh F, Harris AL, Wu Q, Johnson S, Parker CA, Cross JB, Di Francesco ME, Bivona BJ, Bristow CA, Burke JP, Carrillo CC, Carroll CL, Chang Q, Feng N, Gao G, Gera S, Giuliani V, Huang JK, Jiang Y, Kang Z, Kovacs JJ, Liu CY, Lopez AM, Ma X, Mandal PK, McAfoos T, Miller MA, Mullinax RA, Peoples M, Ramamoorthy V, Seth S, Spencer ND, Suzuki E, Williams CC, Yu SS, Zuniga AM, Draetta GF, Marszalek JR, Heffernan TP, Kohl NE, Jones P. Allosteric SHP2 Inhibitor, IACS-13909, Overcomes EGFR-Dependent and EGFR-Independent Resistance Mechanisms toward Osimertinib. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4840-4853. [PMID: 32928921 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase (SHP2) is a phosphatase that mediates signaling downstream of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and is required for full activation of the MAPK pathway. SHP2 inhibition has demonstrated tumor growth inhibition in RTK-activated cancers in preclinical studies. The long-term effectiveness of tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as the EGFR inhibitor (EGFRi), osimertinib, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is limited by acquired resistance. Multiple clinically identified mechanisms underlie resistance to osimertinib, including mutations in EGFR that preclude drug binding as well as EGFR-independent activation of the MAPK pathway through alternate RTK (RTK-bypass). It has also been noted that frequently a tumor from a single patient harbors more than one resistance mechanism, and the plasticity between multiple resistance mechanisms could restrict the effectiveness of therapies targeting a single node of the oncogenic signaling network. Here, we report the discovery of IACS-13909, a specific and potent allosteric inhibitor of SHP2, that suppresses signaling through the MAPK pathway. IACS-13909 potently impeded proliferation of tumors harboring a broad spectrum of activated RTKs as the oncogenic driver. In EGFR-mutant osimertinib-resistant NSCLC models with EGFR-dependent and EGFR-independent resistance mechanisms, IACS-13909, administered as a single agent or in combination with osimertinib, potently suppressed tumor cell proliferation in vitro and caused tumor regression in vivo. Together, our findings provide preclinical evidence for using a SHP2 inhibitor as a therapeutic strategy in acquired EGFRi-resistant NSCLC. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings highlight the discovery of IACS-13909 as a potent, selective inhibitor of SHP2 with drug-like properties, and targeting SHP2 may serve as a therapeutic strategy to overcome tumor resistance to osimertinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Sun
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Brooke A Meyers
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Barbara Czako
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul Leonard
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Faika Mseeh
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Angela L Harris
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qi Wu
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah Johnson
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Connor A Parker
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason B Cross
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria Emilia Di Francesco
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Benjamin J Bivona
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason P Burke
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Caroline C Carrillo
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher L Carroll
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qing Chang
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ningping Feng
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guang Gao
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sonal Gera
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Virginia Giuliani
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Justin K Huang
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yongying Jiang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhijun Kang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey J Kovacs
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chiu-Yi Liu
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anastasia M Lopez
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pijus K Mandal
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy McAfoos
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Meredith A Miller
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert A Mullinax
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Peoples
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vandhana Ramamoorthy
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sahil Seth
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nakia D Spencer
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Erika Suzuki
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher C Williams
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Simon S Yu
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andy M Zuniga
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Giulio F Draetta
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph R Marszalek
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Philip Jones
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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9
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Giuliani V, Carugo A, Miller M, Sanz L, Liu CY, Bristow CA, Suzuki E, Class CA, Hartono SR, Gao G, Feng N, Gay JP, Vangamudi B, Marszalek JR, Kovacs J, Francesco MED, Chedin F, Jones P, Draetta G, Heffernan T. Abstract 277: Inhibition of protein arginine methylation alters RNA metabolism and DNA damage response providing a new therapeutic strategy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
With limited therapeutic options, poor overall 5-year survival rates, and increasing incidence, pancreas cancer is estimated to become the second leading cause of cancer deaths by 2030. Recognizing the need for transformative advances in pancreas cancer management, we developed an in vivo target discovery platform to uncover molecular vulnerabilities in patient-derived pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) xenografts to identify and rapidly translate novel therapeutic concepts to the clinic. We identified protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) as a dependency in PDAC required for disease maintenance and progression. Extensive genetic and pharmacological studies support PRMT1 as a novel vulnerability, which prompted our design and synthesis of proprietary series of potent, selective PRMT Type I inhibitors (PRMTi) with compelling in vivo activity. While advancing the project in drug discovery, we deployed a comprehensive approach to elucidate the mechanism of action of PRMTi. We characterized the PRMT1 interactome via PRMT1 immunoprecipitation followed by LC/MS and observed that PRMT1 binding partners were significantly enriched in RNA-binding and -processing genes. In addition, because methylation of arginine residues is a common post-translational modification regulating protein function, we identified substrates differentially methylated upon PRMT inhibition. Integrating these results with the PRMT1 interactome confirmed a strong correlation between PRMT1 substrates and complexes that are physically associated and linked to RNA metabolism. Transcriptome assays demonstrated that PRMT inhibition globally impaired RNA metabolism, including but not limited to RNA splicing, transcription termination, and R-loop formation. In addition, PRMTi caused a profound down-regulation of multiple pathways involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) promoting genomic instability. Taken together, these data support PRMT1 as a compelling target in an area of high unmet medical need and inform a mechanism-based translational strategy for future clinical development.
Citation Format: Virginia Giuliani, Alessandro Carugo, Meredith Miller, Lionel Sanz, Chiu-Yi Liu, Christopher A Bristow, Erika Suzuki, Caleb A Class, Stella R. Hartono, Guang Gao, Ningping Feng, Jason P Gay, Bhavatarini Vangamudi, Joseph R Marszalek, Jeffrey Kovacs, Maria Emilia Di Francesco, Frederic Chedin, Philip Jones, Giulio Draetta, Timothy Heffernan. Inhibition of protein arginine methylation alters RNA metabolism and DNA damage response providing a new therapeutic strategy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 277.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guang Gao
- 1UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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10
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Yap TA, Rodon Ahnert J, Piha-Paul SA, Fu S, Janku F, Karp DD, Naing A, Ileana Dumbrava EE, Pant S, Subbiah V, Tsimberidou AM, Hong DS, Rose KM, Xu Q, Vellano CP, Mahendra M, Jones P, Di Francesco ME, Marszalek JR, Meric-Bernstam F. Phase I trial of IACS-010759 (IACS), a potent, selective inhibitor of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.3014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3014 Background: A subset of tumors possess genetic or microenvironmental alterations that render cells dependent on mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for survival. IACS, a potent oral selective inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I, showed robust responses in multiple preclinical tumor models, providing strong rationale for clinical testing. Methods: Pts with advanced cancers received IACS in increasing dose levels (DL) using 3+3 dose escalation. 7-day QD induction of IACS was followed by maintenance weekly (QW) or twice weekly (BIW) dosing. Phamacokinetics (PK), lactate and pH were assessed serially. Paired tumor biopsies were assessed for pharmacodynamic and predictive biomarkers. Results: 18 pts were treated; M/F 16/2; ECOG PS 0/1: 3/15. Mean age 49 (23-69) yrs. Tumors comprised advanced colorectal (n = 4), castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) (n = 3), pancreatic (n = 2), other cancers (n = 9). DL1: 2mg QD 7 days induction/0.5mg QW maintenance (n = 3); DL2: 2.5mg QD 7 days/1mg QW (n = 3); DL3: 3mg QD 7 days/3mg QW (n = 3); DL4: 2.5mg QD 7 days/2.5mg BIW (n = 4); DL5: 2mg QD 7 days/2mg BIW (n = 5). IACS was well tolerated with 12 (67%) pts reporting G1-2 IACS related toxicities, such as raised lactate (n = 10), nausea (n = 8), fatigue (n = 7), vomiting (n = 5), myalgia (n = 4) and peripheral neuropathy (n = 4). 1 pt in DL3 and 2 pts in DL4 had ≥G3 IACS related toxicities, such as nausea (n = 2), vomiting (n = 1), raised lactate (n = 1), dehydration (n = 1), visual changes (n = 1), and peripheral neuropathy (n = 1). Raised lactate was not associated with acidosis. DL5 is now being expanded to assess the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). PK showed good oral bioavailability, with long T1/2 and low intrapatient variability. Cmax = 14nM on Day 7 at the end of DL5 induction phase, confirming biologically active doses. 7 pts had best response of RECIST stable disease. A pt with heavily pretreated CRPC achieved RECIST partial response with resolution of CRPC related pain. Conclusions: IACS is well tolerated with preliminary evidence of antitumor activity. MTD expansions include CRPC, TNBC, pancreatic cancer and molecularly selected (ENO1 loss; SMARCA4 mutation) tumor cohorts. Clinical trial information: NCT03291938.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Yap
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Siqing Fu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Filip Janku
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Daniel D. Karp
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Aung Naing
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Shubham Pant
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - David S. Hong
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Quanyun Xu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Philip Jones
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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11
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Marszalek JR, Seth S, Corti D, Zhang Q, Echeverria GV, Han L, Sun Y, Molina J, Gera S, Chang E, Khor TO, Mahendra M, Feng N, Gay JP, McAfoos T, Giuliani V, Shi X, Jeter-Jones S, Loponte S, Li CY, Bristow CA, Francesco MED, Piwnica-Worms H, Konopleva M, Carugo A, Viale A, Jones P, Heffernan TP, Draetta GF. Abstract 2856: Targeting OXPHOS with IACS-010759 to eliminate standard of care resistant tumor cells. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tumors are comprised of heterogenous populations of tumor cells that rely on both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for bioenergy and synthetic processes in support of cell proliferation. Over the past few years, we and others have reported that there is a subpopulation of tumors cells that are resistant to standard of care treatment or targeted therapies, and that these so-called persistent tumor cells possess stem cell like properties. Of note, these cells have elevated levels of mitochondria and are dependent on OXPHOS for survival. We have previously disclosed the discovery of IACS-010759, a potent, selective inhibitor of complex I of the electron transport chain, which is orally bioavailable and has excellent PK and physicochemical properties in preclinical species. IACS-010759 is currently in phase I clinical trials in relapsed/refractory AML and solid tumors where initial safety, pharmacokinetics, efficacy and pharmacodynamic impacts on tumor cell biology are being evaluated. As part of the development of IACS-010759, we were interested to explore the impact of the compound to target the persistent tumor cells, in particular by treating AML, TNBC and PDAC PDX models post-chemotherapy with IACS-010759. For all three contexts, IACS-010759 extended progression free survival, consistent with IACS-010759 targeting the recently described metabolically adapted residual tumor cells. For solid tumor indications, we have utilized innovative barcoding and clonal tracking strategies to confirm dependency of a specific subpopulation of tumor cells on OXPHOS. We show that OXPHOS inhibition extends survival and limits AML growth in secondary transplantation by stimulating terminal differentiation of putative stem cells. Taken together, these data provide rationale for multiple Phase II/III clinical trials where IACS-010759 will be used to target persistent tumor cell population and extend survival.
Citation Format: Joseph R. Marszalek, Sahil Seth, Denise Corti, Qi Zhang, Gloria V. Echeverria, Lina Han, Yuting Sun, Jennifer Molina, Sonal Gera, Edward Chang, Tin O. Khor, Mikhila Mahendra, Ningping Feng, Jason P. Gay, Timothy McAfoos, Virginia Giuliani, Xi Shi, Sabrina Jeter-Jones, Sarah Loponte, Chieh-Yuan Li, Christopher A. Bristow, Maria Emilia Di Francesco, Helen Piwnica-Worms, Marina Konopleva, Alessandro Carugo, Andrea Viale, Philip Jones, Timothy P. Heffernan, Giulio F. Draetta. Targeting OXPHOS with IACS-010759 to eliminate standard of care resistant tumor cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2856.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahil Seth
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Qi Zhang
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Lina Han
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yuting Sun
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Sonal Gera
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xi Shi
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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12
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Loponte S, Corti D, Seth S, Poggetto ED, Ho IL, Li CY, Jiang S, Marszalek JR, Francesco MED, Genovese G, Draetta G, Carugo A, Viale A. Abstract 4953: Metabolic targeting of chemoresistance perturbs clonal complexity in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-4953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A major barrier to achieving durable remission and definitive cure in oncology patients is the emergence of tumor resistance, a common outcome of different disease types independent from the therapeutic approach undertaken. Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continue to have a poor prognosis despite concerted efforts to advance new drugs to the clinic. One reason for this, in PDAC and other tumors, is that tumors are constantly adapting and evolving in response to external perturbations. To better investigate tumor evolution in response to therapy we developed a new clonal tracking platform that enables the in vivo study of long term self-renewing compartments and the generation of cohorts of patient-derived xenografts in which tumors are virtually identical and maintained by the same clones (clonal replica tumors), representing a unique tool to address fundamental questions about clonal dynamics in response to pharmacological treatment. Using this novel approach we demonstrate that standard of care in pancreatic cancer, despite inducing tumor regression, has minimal effect on the clonal composition of tumors that eventually relapse. Transcriptomic and metabolic characterization of residual tumor cells in patient derived xenograft models as well as in patients after chemoradiation shows that resistant cells that contribute to tumor relapse are metabolically rewired to upregulate mitochondrial respiration (OXPHOS). Combining a novel inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (IACS-010759), developed at the MD Anderson Institute for Applied Cancer Science and currently in phase I clinical trial in relapsed/refractory acute myelogenous leukemia and advanced solid tumors, with standard of care drugs drastically reduces tumor clonal complexity, underscoring the promise of inhibiting mitochondrial respiration as a new therapeutic strategy to prolong patient survival by eradicating resistant clones that survive chemoradiation.
Citation Format: Sara Loponte, Denise Corti, Sahil Seth, Edoardo Del Poggetto, I-Lin Ho, Chieh-Yuan Li, Shan Jiang, Joseph R. Marszalek, Maria Emilia Di Francesco, Giannicola Genovese, Giulio Draetta, Alessandro Carugo, Andrea Viale. Metabolic targeting of chemoresistance perturbs clonal complexity in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4953.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - I-Lin Ho
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr., Houston, TX
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13
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Giuliani V, Vangamudi B, Suzuki E, Miller M, Liu CY, Carugo A, Bristow C, Gao G, Han J, Sun Y, Feng N, Chang E, Marszalek J, Kovacs J, Francesco MED, Toniatti C, Heffernan T, Jones P, Draetta G. Abstract 3016: Identification of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 as novel epigenetic vulnerability in KRAS/p53 mutant PDAC primary patient models. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a rapidly progressing disease associated with less than 10% 5-year survival rate. Various treatment regimens failed to improve survival of PDAC patients, thus a critical need exists to identify druggable targets essential for tumor maintenance. We developed a powerful in vivo platform that enables the identification of new molecular drivers in the PDAC context where activating mutation of KRAS gene and loss of p53 dominate the genetic landscape. Through an in vivo loss of function screen performed in KRAS/p53 mutant PDAC primary patient models, we identify protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) as top scoring hit. This novel dependency in PDAC was subsequently validated in multiple PDAC models using both shRNA mediated as well as CRISPR base genetic inhibition and we demonstrated that PRMT1 knockdown induces a significant growth inhibition in vitro. Methylation of arginine 3 on histone H4 (H4R3me2a) as well as global arginine methylation was also evaluated and showed a dramatic reduction upon PRMT1 knockdown, correlating observed phenotype with target engagement. To further confirm a role for PRMT1 in tumor maintenance, we developed inducible PRMT1 knockdown in a primary patient model and showed a dramatic tumor growth inhibition (TGI) in vivo upon PRMT1 knockdown. PRMT1 is the primary enzyme responsible for arginine asymmetric demethylation, however other members of the Type I family are also involved in this process and we evaluated the role of protein arginine methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4) and 6 (PRMT6) in our workhorse model. Surprisingly, no significant phenotypic response was observed upon genetic inhibition of PRMT4 or PRMT6 suggesting no redundancy between different PRMT type I and a unique dependency on PRMT1. To strengthen and complement the genetic validation, we leveraged a PRMT Type I inhibitor and confirmed in vitro results as well as in vivo efficacy at tolerated doses (xenograft vs allograft). Key models have been prioritized in order to inform on PRMT1 dependency and to refine responder population. Our research has identified and validated for the first time an arginine methyltransferase as a novel genetic vulnerability in PDAC and strongly suggest PRMT1 as a new therapeutic opportunity in PDAC cancers.
Citation Format: Virginia Giuliani, Bhavatarini Vangamudi, Erika Suzuki, Meredith Miller, Chiu-Yi Liu, Alessandro Carugo, Christopher Bristow, Guang Gao, Jing Han, Yuting Sun, Ningping Feng, Edward Chang, Joseph Marszalek, Jeffrey Kovacs, Maria Emilia Di Francesco, Carlo Toniatti, Timothy Heffernan, Philip Jones, Giulio Draetta. Identification of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 as novel epigenetic vulnerability in KRAS/p53 mutant PDAC primary patient models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3016. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3016
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guang Gao
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr., Houston, TX
| | - Jing Han
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr., Houston, TX
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14
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Leonard PG, Satani N, Maxwell D, Lin YH, Hammoudi N, Peng Z, Pisaneschi F, Link TM, Lee GR, Sun D, Prasad BAB, Di Francesco ME, Czako B, Asara JM, Wang YA, Bornmann W, DePinho RA, Muller FL. SF2312 is a natural phosphonate inhibitor of enolase. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 12:1053-1058. [PMID: 27723749 PMCID: PMC5110371 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite being critical for energy generation in most forms of life, few if any microbial antibiotics specifically inhibit glycolysis. To develop a specific inhibitor of the glycolytic enzyme Enolase 2 for the treatment of cancers with deletion of Enolase 1, we modeled the synthetic tool compound inhibitor, Phosphonoacetohydroxamate (PhAH) into the active site of human ENO2. A ring-stabilized analogue of PhAH, with the hydroxamic nitrogen linked to the alpha-carbon by an ethylene bridge, was predicted to increase binding affinity by stabilizing the inhibitor in a bound conformation. Unexpectedly, a structure based search revealed that our hypothesized back-bone-stabilized PhAH bears strong similarity to SF2312, a phosphonate antibiotic of unknown mode of action produced by the actinomycete Micromonospora, which is active under anaerobic conditions. Here, we present multiple lines of evidence, including a novel X-ray structure, that SF2312 is a highly potent, low nM inhibitor of Enolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Leonard
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Core for Biomolecular Structure and Function, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054
| | - Nikunj Satani
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054
| | - David Maxwell
- Department of Clinical Analytics & Informatics, Houston, TX 77054-3403
| | - Yu-Hsi Lin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054
| | - Naima Hammoudi
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054
| | | | - Federica Pisaneschi
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054
| | - Todd M Link
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Core for Biomolecular Structure and Function, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054
| | - Gilbert R Lee
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Core for Biomolecular Structure and Function, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054
| | - Duoli Sun
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Core for Biomolecular Structure and Function, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054
| | - Basvoju A Bhanu Prasad
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Core for Biomolecular Structure and Function, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054
| | - Maria Emilia Di Francesco
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054
| | - Barbara Czako
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054
| | - John M Asara
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Y Alan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054 USA
| | | | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054 USA
| | - Florian L Muller
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054
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15
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Carugo A, Genovese G, Seth S, Nezi L, Rose JL, Bossi D, Cicalese A, Shah PK, Viale A, Pettazzoni PF, Akdemir KC, Bristow CA, Robinson FS, Tepper J, Sanchez N, Gupta S, Estecio MR, Giuliani V, Dellino GI, Riva L, Yao W, Di Francesco ME, Green T, D'Alesio C, Corti D, Kang Y, Jones P, Wang H, Fleming JB, Maitra A, Pelicci PG, Chin L, DePinho RA, Lanfrancone L, Heffernan TP, Draetta GF. In Vivo Functional Platform Targeting Patient-Derived Xenografts Identifies WDR5-Myc Association as a Critical Determinant of Pancreatic Cancer. Cell Rep 2016; 16:133-147. [PMID: 27320920 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment regimens for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) yield poor 5-year survival, emphasizing the critical need to identify druggable targets essential for PDAC maintenance. We developed an unbiased and in vivo target discovery approach to identify molecular vulnerabilities in low-passage and patient-derived PDAC xenografts or genetically engineered mouse model-derived allografts. Focusing on epigenetic regulators, we identified WDR5, a core member of the COMPASS histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4) MLL (1-4) methyltransferase complex, as a top tumor maintenance hit required across multiple human and mouse tumors. Mechanistically, WDR5 functions to sustain proper execution of DNA replication in PDAC cells, as previously suggested by replication stress studies involving MLL1, and c-Myc, also found to interact with WDR5. We indeed demonstrate that interaction with c-Myc is critical for this function. By showing that ATR inhibition mimicked the effects of WDR5 suppression, these data provide rationale to test ATR and WDR5 inhibitors for activity in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Carugo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy.
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sahil Seth
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luigi Nezi
- Department of Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Johnathon Lynn Rose
- Department of Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniela Bossi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Angelo Cicalese
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Viale
- Department of Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Piergiorgio Francesco Pettazzoni
- Department of Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kadir Caner Akdemir
- Department of Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Frederick Scott Robinson
- Department of Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James Tepper
- Department of Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nora Sanchez
- Department of Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sonal Gupta
- Sheikh Ahmed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marcos Roberto Estecio
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Virginia Giuliani
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gaetano Ivan Dellino
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Laura Riva
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Wantong Yao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maria Emilia Di Francesco
- Department of Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Institute for Applied Cancer Science, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tessa Green
- Department of Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carolina D'Alesio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Denise Corti
- Department of Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ya'an Kang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Philip Jones
- Department of Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Institute for Applied Cancer Science, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jason Bates Fleming
- Department of Surgical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Sheikh Ahmed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Lynda Chin
- Department of Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Institute for Applied Cancer Science, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Luisa Lanfrancone
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy.
| | | | - Giulio Francesco Draetta
- Department of Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Institute for Applied Cancer Science, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Konopleva MY, Zal T, Millward NMZ, Cho BS, Harutyunyan K, Zal A, Mu H, Konoplev S, Benito J, Velez J, Bueso-Ramso C, Molina J, Bhattacharya PK, Francesco MED, Marszalek J, Andreeff M. Abstract PL07-01: Altered metabolism in leukemic microenvironment. Mol Cancer Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-15-pl07-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Interactions of leukemia cells and their bone marrow (BM) microenvironment are known to play a key role in the survival and growth of leukemic cells. It has been postulated that specific niches provide a sanctuary where subpopulations of leukemic cells evade chemotherapy-induced death and acquire a drug-resistant phenotype. Understanding the cellular and molecular biology of the leukemia stem cell (LSC) niche and of microenvironment/leukemia interactions may provide new targets that allow destruction of LSCs without adversely affecting normal stem cell self-renewal. Key emerging therapeutic targets include chemokine receptors such as CXCR4 and hypoxia-related proteins, as well as the metabolic abnormalities of the leukemia-associated stroma. We have recently reported that CXCR4 inhibition causes leukemia cell dislodgement from CXCL12-producing marrow niches, reduced proliferation and induction of differentiation of AML cells in an in vivo model of AML, translating into pronounced anti-leukemia effects. Studies in murine leukemia models using the hypoxia probe pimonidazole demonstrated extensive areas of hypoxia within leukemic, but not healthy normal, bone marrow. Time-course analysis of bone marrow spaces within calvaria and femurs by multiphoton intravital microscopy (MP-IVM) demonstrated lodging of p190-Bcr/Abl tdTomato cells in close proximity to blood vessels, followed by accumulation of leukemia cells localized within the sinusoidal and marrow spaces resulting in the demise of the animals within 3 weeks. In this model, pimonidazole detected hypoxic areas despite abundant vascular supply in the marrow cavities. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging with hyperpolarized pyruvate showed higher pyruvate-lactate conversion (high glycolytic flux) in leukemic marrows. These findings were supported by significant pimonidazole uptake by the diseased bone marrow in patients with acute leukemia, causing stabilization of HIF-1α in 55% (76/138) of primary AML patients and of its target CA9. Paradoxically, AML cells become highly dependent on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for their survival, and inhibition of OXPHOS with the novel small molecule complex I inhibitor IACS-10759 inhibits oxygen consumption, eliminates hypoxia in vivo and inhibits AML growth. These findings suggest that altered tumor metabolism underlies the hypoxia observed in leukemias. We postulate that the altered tumor microenvironment within the hypoxic niche cells will influence leukemia development and response to therapy. Hence, targeting key metabolic alterations should be considered in the armamentarium of anti-AML therapies. IACS-10759 is presently completing IND enabling safety/toxicity studies with first in human studies targeting relapsed/refractory AML planned for 2016.
Citation Format: Marina Y. Konopleva, Tomasz Zal, Niki M. Zacharias Millward, Byoung-Sik Cho, Karine Harutyunyan, Anna Zal, Hong Mu, Sergej Konoplev, Juliana Benito, Juliana Velez, Carlos Bueso-Ramso, Jennifer Molina, Pratip K. Bhattacharya, Maria Emilia Di Francesco, Joseph Marszalek, Michael Andreeff. Altered metabolism in leukemic microenvironment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr PL07-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Y. Konopleva
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Tomasz Zal
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Byoung-Sik Cho
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Karine Harutyunyan
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Anna Zal
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hong Mu
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sergej Konoplev
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Juliana Benito
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Juliana Velez
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Carlos Bueso-Ramso
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jennifer Molina
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Joseph Marszalek
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michael Andreeff
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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17
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Corti D, Carugo A, Sahil S, Marchesini M, Pettazzoni P, Nezi L, Green T, Marszalek JR, Di Francesco ME, Heffernan TP, Draetta GF, Viale A. Abstract 976: Metabolic eradication of treatment resistant cancer stem cells in pancreatic tumors: A clonal tracking-based platform for identifying the best personalized treatment. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to have a poor prognosis despite new drugs advancing to the clinic.
We recently characterized a population of cells able to survive the genetic and pharmacologic extinction of oncogenic pathways and demonstrated that the surviving cells (SC) are tumor stem cells (CSC) able to remain in a quiescent state for months before relapsing. In-depth transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses revealed SCs to exhibit different metabolic features compared to the bulk of tumor cells. Specifically, SC relied on mitochondrial respiration (OXPHOS) and displayed impaired glycolytic capacity. In accord with their decreased dependence on glycolysis these SC were highly sensitive to OXPHOS inhibitors, which prevented tumor recurrence.
Notably, preliminary results in patients suggest that SC resistant to conventional chemoradiation also have similar features. We analyzed specimens after neoadjuvant treatment and observed dormant cells positive for CSC markers and characterized by an increased mitochondrial mass. Evaluation of TMA of hundreds of treated tumors revealed that high mitochondrial content is a common feature of SC. Furthermore, functional metabolic characterization of human cells resistant to gemcitabine revealed that SC have a severely impaired glycolytic reserve, closely resembling mouse SC. Based on these findings, we posit that OXPHOS inhibitors may be an effective adjuvant therapy to eradicate resistant cells in patients.
To validate the efficacy of OXPHOS inhibition, we developed a new platform to study tumor evolution in response to treatments based on clonal tracking. Lentivirus-based systems have been extensively used as a tool to investigate the clonal dynamics, but they have been limited by lack of sensitivity and the impossibility of tracking identical clones in different animals. Here, using a new version of the barcoded technology coupled with deep-sequencing, we track hundreds of thousands of clones at the single-cell level. We generated patient-derived xenograft animal cohorts in which tumors were clonal replicas of each other (each tumor is maintained by the same clones of all other tumors), representing a unique tool to evaluate responses to treatments. More importantly, resistant tumor clones generated in vivo can be isolated and fully characterized and compared to pre-treatment clones to identify new mechanisms of resistance.
Our integrated analysis paves the way for new therapeutic strategies for patients to eradicate treatment-resistant CSC by specifically targeting their unique metabolism. In addition, our clonal tracking-based platform monitoring the efficacy of different treatments in eradicating resistant clones represents an unprecedented tool for exploring treatment responses at the single-cell level, which will help guide the development of personalized treatments.
Citation Format: Denise Corti, Alessandro Carugo, Seth Sahil, Matteo Marchesini, Piergiorgio Pettazzoni, Luigi Nezi, Tessa Green, Joseph R Marszalek, Maria Emilia Di Francesco, Timothy P Heffernan, Giulio F Draetta, Andrea Viale. Metabolic eradication of treatment resistant cancer stem cells in pancreatic tumors: A clonal tracking-based platform for identifying the best personalized treatment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 976. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-976
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seth Sahil
- 2Institute for Apllied Cancer Science at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | - Joseph R Marszalek
- 2Institute for Apllied Cancer Science at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Timothy P Heffernan
- 2Institute for Apllied Cancer Science at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Pompei M, Di Francesco ME, Pesci S, Koch U, Vignetti SE, Veneziano M, Pace P, Summa V. Novel P2-P4 macrocyclic inhibitors of HCV NS3/4A protease by P3 succinamide fragment depeptidization strategy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 20:168-74. [PMID: 19932966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Revised: 11/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C represents a serious worldwide health-care problem. Recently, we have disclosed a novel class of P2-P4 macrocyclic inhibitors of NS3/4A protease containing a carbamate functionality as capping group at the P3 N-terminus. Herein we report our work aimed at further depeptidizing the P3 region by replacement of the urethane function with a succinamide motif. This peptidomimetic approach has led to the discovery of novel P2-P4 macrocyclic inhibitors of HCV NS3/4A protease with sub-nanomolar enzyme affinities. In addition to being potent inhibitors of HCV subgenomic replication, optimized analogues within this series have also presented attractive PK properties and showed promising liver levels in rat following oral administration.
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Ettari R, Micale N, Schirmeister T, Gelhaus C, Leippe M, Nizi E, Di Francesco ME, Grasso S, Zappalà M. Novel peptidomimetics containing a vinyl ester moiety as highly potent and selective falcipain-2 inhibitors. J Med Chem 2009; 52:2157-60. [PMID: 19296600 DOI: 10.1021/jm900047j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of a new class of peptidomimetic falcipain-2 inhibitors based on a 1,4-benzodiazepine scaffold combined with various alpha,beta-unsaturated electrophilic functions such as vinyl-ketone, -amide, -ester, and -nitrile. The profile of reactivity of this class of derivatives has been evaluated and 4c, containing a vinyl ester warhead, proved to be a highly potent and selective falcipain-2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ettari
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, Messina, Italy.
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Pompei M, Francesco MED, Koch U, Liverton NJ, Summa V. Phosphorous acid analogs of novel P2-P4 macrocycles as inhibitors of HCV-NS3 protease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2574-8. [PMID: 19328685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
HCV-NS3 protease is essential for viral replication and NS3 protease inhibitors have shown proof of concept in clinical trials. Novel P2-P4 macrocycle inhibitors of NS3/4A comprising a P1 C-terminal carboxylic acid have recently been disclosed. A series of analogs, in which the carboxylic residue is replaced by phosphorous acid functionalities were synthesized and found to be inhibitors of the NS3 protease. Among them the methylphosphinate analogue showed nanomolar level of enzyme inhibition and sub-micromolar potency in the replication assay.
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Ettari R, Nizi E, Di Francesco ME, Dude MA, Pradel G, Vičík R, Schirmeister T, Micale N, Grasso S, Zappalà M. Development of Peptidomimetics with a Vinyl Sulfone Warhead as Irreversible Falcipain-2 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2008; 51:988-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701141u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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