1
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Michino M, Khan TA, Miller MW, Fukase Y, Vendome J, Adura C, Glickman JF, Liu Y, Wan L, Allis CD, Stamford AW, Meinke PT, Renzetti LM, Kargman S, Liverton NJ, Huggins DJ. Lead Optimization of Small Molecule ENL YEATS Inhibitors to Enable In Vivo Studies: Discovery of TDI-11055. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:524-532. [PMID: 38628784 PMCID: PMC11017412 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Eleven-nineteen leukemia (ENL) is an epigenetic reader protein that drives oncogenic transcriptional programs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML is one of the deadliest hematopoietic malignancies, with an overall 5-year survival rate of 27%. The epigenetic reader activity of ENL is mediated by its YEATS domain that binds to acetyl and crotonyl marks on histone tails and colocalizes with promoters of actively transcribed genes that are essential for leukemia. Prior to the discovery of TDI-11055, existing inhibitors of ENL YEATS showed in vitro potency, but had not shown efficacy in in vivo animal models. During the course of the medicinal chemistry campaign described here, we identified ENL YEATS inhibitor TDI-11055 that has an improved pharmacokinetic profile and is appropriate for in vivo evaluation of the ENL YEATS inhibition mechanism in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayako Michino
- Sanders
Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, 1230 York Ave, Box 122, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Tanweer A. Khan
- Sanders
Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, 1230 York Ave, Box 122, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Michael W. Miller
- Sanders
Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, 1230 York Ave, Box 122, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Yoshiyuki Fukase
- Sanders
Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, 1230 York Ave, Box 122, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jeremie Vendome
- Schrödinger,
Inc., 1540 Broadway,
24th Floor, New York, New
York 10036, United States
| | - Carolina Adura
- Fisher
Drug Discovery Resource Center, The Rockefeller
University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - J. Fraser Glickman
- Fisher
Drug Discovery Resource Center, The Rockefeller
University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Yiman Liu
- Department
of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Liling Wan
- Department
of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - C. David Allis
- Laboratory
of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The
Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Andrew W. Stamford
- Sanders
Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, 1230 York Ave, Box 122, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Peter T. Meinke
- Sanders
Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, 1230 York Ave, Box 122, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Louis M. Renzetti
- Bridge
Medicines, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Smith Hall Annex,
C-Floor, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Stacia Kargman
- Sanders
Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, 1230 York Ave, Box 122, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Bridge
Medicines, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Smith Hall Annex,
C-Floor, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Nigel J. Liverton
- Sanders
Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, 1230 York Ave, Box 122, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - David J. Huggins
- Sanders
Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, 1230 York Ave, Box 122, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell
Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
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2
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Miller M, Rossetti T, Ferreira J, Ghanem L, Balbach M, Kaur N, Levin LR, Buck J, Kehr M, Coquille S, van den Heuvel J, Steegborn C, Fushimi M, Finkin-Groner E, Myers RW, Kargman S, Liverton NJ, Huggins DJ, Meinke PT. Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Second-Generation Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase (sAC, ADCY10) Inhibitors with Slow Dissociation Rates. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15208-15226. [PMID: 36346696 PMCID: PMC9866367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC: ADCY10) is an enzyme involved in intracellular signaling. Inhibition of sAC has potential therapeutic utility in a number of areas. For example, sAC is integral to successful male fertility: sAC activation is required for sperm motility and ability to undergo the acrosome reaction, two processes central to oocyte fertilization. Pharmacologic evaluation of existing sAC inhibitors for utility as on-demand, nonhormonal male contraceptives suggested that both high intrinsic potency, fast on and slow dissociation rates are essential design elements for successful male contraceptive applications. During the course of the medicinal chemistry campaign described here, we identified sAC inhibitors that fulfill these criteria and are suitable for in vivo evaluation of diverse sAC pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Miller
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Thomas Rossetti
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Jacob Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Lubna Ghanem
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Melanie Balbach
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Navpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Lonny R. Levin
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Jochen Buck
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Maria Kehr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sandrine Coquille
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Joop van den Heuvel
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Recombinant Protein Expression, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Makoto Fushimi
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Efrat Finkin-Groner
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Robert W. Myers
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Stacia Kargman
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Nigel J. Liverton
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - David J. Huggins
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10021, United States; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Peter T. Meinke
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10021, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
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3
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Fushimi M, Buck H, Balbach M, Gorovyy A, Ferreira J, Rossetti T, Kaur N, Levin LR, Buck J, Quast J, van den Heuvel J, Steegborn C, Finkin-Groner E, Kargman S, Michino M, Foley MA, Miller M, Liverton NJ, Huggins DJ, Meinke PT. Discovery of TDI-10229: A Potent and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase (sAC, ADCY10). ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1283-1287. [PMID: 34413957 PMCID: PMC8366019 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) has gained attention as a potential therapeutic target given the role of this enzyme in intracellular signaling. We describe successful efforts to design improved sAC inhibitors amenable for in vivo interrogation of sAC inhibition to assess its potential therapeutic applications. This work culminated in the identification of TDI-10229 (12), which displays nanomolar inhibition of sAC in both biochemical and cellular assays and exhibits mouse pharmacokinetic properties sufficient to warrant its use as an in vivo tool compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Fushimi
- Tri-Institutional
Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Hannes Buck
- Department
of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Melanie Balbach
- Department
of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Anna Gorovyy
- Department
of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Jacob Ferreira
- Department
of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Thomas Rossetti
- Department
of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Navpreet Kaur
- Department
of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Lonny R. Levin
- Department
of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Jochen Buck
- Department
of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Jonathan Quast
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Efrat Finkin-Groner
- Tri-Institutional
Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Stacia Kargman
- Tri-Institutional
Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Mayako Michino
- Tri-Institutional
Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Michael A. Foley
- Tri-Institutional
Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Michael Miller
- Tri-Institutional
Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Nigel J. Liverton
- Tri-Institutional
Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - David J. Huggins
- Tri-Institutional
Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell
Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United
States
| | - Peter T. Meinke
- Tri-Institutional
Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
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5
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Garner R, Gopalakrishnan S, McCauley JA, Bednar RA, Gaul SL, Mosser SD, Kiss L, Lynch JJ, Patel S, Fandozzi C, Lagrutta A, Briscoe R, Liverton NJ, Paterson BM, Vornov JJ, Mazhari R. Preclinical pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of CERC-301, a GluN2B-selective N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00198. [PMID: 27022470 PMCID: PMC4777252 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The preclinical pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of 4‐methylbenzyl (3S, 4R)‐3‐fluoro‐4‐[(Pyrimidin‐2‐ylamino) methyl] piperidine‐1‐carboxylate (CERC‐301), an orally bioavailable selective N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit 2B (GluN2B) antagonist, were characterized to develop a translational approach based on receptor occupancy (RO) to guide CERC‐301 dose selection in clinical trials of major depressive disorder. CERC‐301 demonstrated high‐binding affinity (Ki, 8.1 nmol L−1) specific to GluN2B with an IC50 of 3.6 nmol L−1 and no off‐target activity. CERC‐301 efficacy was demonstrated in the forced swim test with an efficacy dose (ED50) of 0.3–0.7 mg kg−1 (RO, 30–50%); increase in locomotor activity was observed at ED50 of 2 mg kg−1, corresponding to an RO of 75%. The predicted 50% RO concentration (Occ50) in humans was 400 nmol L−1, similar to that predicted for rat, dog, and monkey (300, 200, and 400 nmol L−1, respectively). Safety pharmacology and neurotoxicity studies raised no specific safety concerns. A first‐in‐human study in healthy males demonstrated a dose‐proportional pharmacokinetic profile, with Tmax of ~1 h and t1/2 of 12–17 h. Based on the preclinical and pharmacodynamic data, doses of ≥8 mg in humans are hypothesized to have an acceptable safety profile and result in clinically relevant peak plasma exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laszlo Kiss
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. West Point Pennsylvania
| | | | - Shil Patel
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. West Point Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | - Blake M Paterson
- Cerecor Inc.Baltimore Maryland; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
| | - James J Vornov
- Cerecor Inc.Baltimore Maryland; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
| | - Reza Mazhari
- Cerecor Inc.Baltimore Maryland; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
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6
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Rudd MT, Butcher JW, Nguyen KT, McIntyre CJ, Romano JJ, Gilbert KF, Bush KJ, Liverton NJ, Holloway MK, Harper S, Ferrara M, DiFilippo M, Summa V, Swestock J, Fritzen J, Carroll SS, Burlein C, DiMuzio JM, Gates A, Graham DJ, Huang Q, McClain S, McHale C, Stahlhut MW, Black S, Chase R, Soriano A, Fandozzi CM, Taylor A, Trainor N, Olsen DB, Coleman PJ, Ludmerer SW, McCauley JA. P2-quinazolinones and bis-macrocycles as new templates for next-generation hepatitis C virus NS3/4a protease inhibitors: discovery of MK-2748 and MK-6325. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:727-35. [PMID: 25759009 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the goal of identifying inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4a protease that are potent against a wide range of genotypes and clinically relevant mutant viruses, several subseries of macrocycles were investigated based on observations made during the discovery of MK-5172. Quinazolinone-containing macrocycles were identified as promising leads, and optimization for superior cross-genotype and mutant enzyme potency as well as rat liver and plasma concentrations following oral dosing, led to the development of MK-2748. Additional investigation of a series of bis-macrocycles containing a fused 18- and 15-membered ring system were also optimized for the same properties, leading to the discovery of MK-6325. Both compounds display the broad genotype and mutant potency necessary for clinical development as next-generation HCV NS3/4a protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Rudd
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA (USA).
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7
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Shah U, Jayne C, Chackalamannil S, Velázquez F, Guo Z, Buevich A, Howe JA, Chase R, Soriano A, Agrawal S, Rudd MT, McCauley JA, Liverton NJ, Romano J, Bush K, Coleman PJ, Grisé-Bard C, Brochu MC, Charron S, Aulakh V, Bachand B, Beaulieu P, Zaghdane H, Bhat S, Han Y, Vacca JP, Davies IW, Weber AE, Venkatraman S. Novel Quinoline-Based P2-P4 Macrocyclic Derivatives As Pan-Genotypic HCV NS3/4a Protease Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:264-9. [PMID: 24900818 DOI: 10.1021/ml400466p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported the discovery of our P2-P4 macrocyclic HCV NS3/4a protease inhibitor MK-5172, which in combination with the NS5a inhibitor MK-8742 recently received a breakthrough therapy designation from the US FDA for treatment of chronic HCV infection. Our goal for the next generation NS3/4a inhibitor was to achieve pan-genotypic activity while retaining the pharmacokinetic profile of MK-5172. One of the areas for follow-up investigation involved replacement of the quinoxaline moiety in MK-5172 with a quinoline and studying the effect of substitution at 4-position of the quinoline. The rationale for this effort was based on molecular modeling, which indicated that such modifications would improve interactions with the S2 subsite, in particular with D79. We wish to report herein the discovery of highly potent inhibitors with pan-genotypic activity and an improved profile over MK-5172, especially against gt-3a and A156 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unmesh Shah
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Charles Jayne
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Samuel Chackalamannil
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Francisco Velázquez
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Zhuyan Guo
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Alexei Buevich
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - John A. Howe
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Robert Chase
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Aileen Soriano
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Sony Agrawal
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Michael T. Rudd
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - John A. McCauley
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Nigel J. Liverton
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Joseph Romano
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Kimberly Bush
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Paul J. Coleman
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Christiane Grisé-Bard
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Brochu
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Sylvie Charron
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Virender Aulakh
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Benoit Bachand
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Patrick Beaulieu
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Helmi Zaghdane
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Sathesh Bhat
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Yongxin Han
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Joseph P. Vacca
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Ian W. Davies
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Ann E. Weber
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
| | - Srikanth Venkatraman
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kirkland, Quebec H9H3L1, Canada
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8
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McCauley JA, Rudd MT, Liverton NJ. HCV NS3/4a Protease Inhibitors: Simeprevir (TMC‐435350), Vaniprevir (MK‐7009) and MK‐5172. Successful Strategies for the Discovery of Antiviral Drugs 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849737814-00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection continues to represent a major health issue, with estimates of 130–170 million people infected worldwide. Recent developments in the HCV NS3/4a protease inhibitor area have significantly improved treatment options for patients. However, a more dramatic paradigm shift in the treatment of HCV infection appears all but certain in coming years, with a move to all oral combination therapy with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs). HCV protease inhibitors have the potential to play a significant role in these DAA combination therapies. This chapter discusses in detail the design and discovery of three HCV NS3/4a protease inhibitors in clinical development: simeprevir (TMC‐435350), vaniprevir (MK‐7009) and MK‐5172.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. McCauley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486 USA
| | - Michael T. Rudd
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486 USA
| | - Nigel J. Liverton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486 USA
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9
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Rudd MT, McCauley JA, Romano JJ, Butcher JW, Bush K, McIntyre CJ, Nguyen KT, Gilbert KF, Lyle TA, Holloway MK, Wan BL, Vacca JP, Summa V, Harper S, Rowley M, Carroll SS, Burlein C, DiMuzio JM, Gates A, Graham DJ, Huang Q, Ludmerer SW, McClain S, McHale C, Stahlhut M, Fandozzi C, Taylor A, Trainor N, Olsen DB, Liverton NJ. Development of potent macrocyclic inhibitors of genotype 3a HCV NS3/4A protease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7201-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Rudd MT, McIntyre CJ, Romano JJ, Butcher JW, Holloway MK, Bush K, Nguyen KT, Gilbert KF, Lyle TA, Liverton NJ, Wan BL, Summa V, Harper S, Rowley M, Vacca JP, Carroll SS, Burlein C, DiMuzio JM, Gates A, Graham DJ, Huang Q, Ludmerer SW, McClain S, McHale C, Stahlhut M, Fandozzi C, Taylor A, Trainor N, Olsen DB, McCauley JA. Development of macrocyclic inhibitors of HCV NS3/4A protease with cyclic constrained P2–P4 linkers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7207-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Summa V, Ludmerer SW, McCauley JA, Fandozzi C, Burlein C, Claudio G, Coleman PJ, Dimuzio JM, Ferrara M, Di Filippo M, Gates AT, Graham DJ, Harper S, Hazuda DJ, Huang Q, McHale C, Monteagudo E, Pucci V, Rowley M, Rudd MT, Soriano A, Stahlhut MW, Vacca JP, Olsen DB, Liverton NJ, Carroll SS. MK-5172, a selective inhibitor of hepatitis C virus NS3/4a protease with broad activity across genotypes and resistant variants. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:4161-7. [PMID: 22615282 PMCID: PMC3421554 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00324-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HCV NS3/4a protease inhibitors are proven therapeutic agents against chronic hepatitis C virus infection, with boceprevir and telaprevir having recently received regulatory approval as add-on therapy to pegylated interferon/ribavirin for patients harboring genotype 1 infections. Overcoming antiviral resistance, broad genotype coverage, and a convenient dosing regimen are important attributes for future agents to be used in combinations without interferon. In this communication, we report the preclinical profile of MK-5172, a novel P2-P4 quinoxaline macrocyclic NS3/4a protease inhibitor currently in clinical development. The compound demonstrates subnanomolar activity against a broad enzyme panel encompassing major hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes as well as variants resistant to earlier protease inhibitors. In replicon selections, MK-5172 exerted high selective pressure, which yielded few resistant colonies. In both rat and dog, MK-5172 demonstrates good plasma and liver exposures, with 24-h liver levels suggestive of once-daily dosing. When administered to HCV-infected chimpanzees harboring chronic gt1a or gt1b infections, MK-5172 suppressed viral load between 4 to 5 logs at a dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight twice daily (b.i.d.) for 7 days. Based on its preclinical profile, MK-5172 is anticipated to be broadly active against multiple HCV genotypes and clinically important resistance variants and highly suited for incorporation into newer all-oral regimens.
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12
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Harper S, McCauley JA, Rudd MT, Ferrara M, DiFilippo M, Crescenzi B, Koch U, Petrocchi A, Holloway MK, Butcher JW, Romano JJ, Bush KJ, Gilbert KF, McIntyre CJ, Nguyen KT, Nizi E, Carroll SS, Ludmerer SW, Burlein C, DiMuzio JM, Graham DJ, McHale CM, Stahlhut MW, Olsen DB, Monteagudo E, Cianetti S, Giuliano C, Pucci V, Trainor N, Fandozzi CM, Rowley M, Coleman PJ, Vacca JP, Summa V, Liverton NJ. Discovery of MK-5172, a Macrocyclic Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4a Protease Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:332-6. [PMID: 24900473 DOI: 10.1021/ml300017p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of HCV NS3/4a protease inhibitors containing a P2 to P4 macrocyclic constraint was designed using a molecular modeling-derived strategy. Building on the profile of previous clinical compounds and exploring the P2 and linker regions of the series allowed for optimization of broad genotype and mutant enzyme potency, cellular activity, and rat liver exposure following oral dosing. These studies led to the identification of clinical candidate 15 (MK-5172), which is active against genotype 1-3 NS3/4a and clinically relevant mutant enzymes and has good plasma exposure and excellent liver exposure in multiple species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Harper
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - John A. McCauley
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael T. Rudd
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrara
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello DiFilippo
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Crescenzi
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Uwe Koch
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Petrocchi
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Katharine Holloway
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - John W. Butcher
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Joseph J. Romano
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Kimberly J. Bush
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Kevin F. Gilbert
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Charles J. McIntyre
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Kevin T. Nguyen
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Nizi
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Steven S. Carroll
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Steven W. Ludmerer
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Christine Burlein
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Jillian M. DiMuzio
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Donald J. Graham
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolyn M. McHale
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Mark W. Stahlhut
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - David B. Olsen
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Edith Monteagudo
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Cianetti
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Giuliano
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pucci
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicole Trainor
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Christine M. Fandozzi
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Rowley
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul J. Coleman
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Joseph P. Vacca
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Summa
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Nigel J. Liverton
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
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13
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Rudd MT, McCauley JA, Butcher JW, Romano JJ, McIntyre CJ, Nguyen KT, Gilbert KF, Bush KJ, Holloway MK, Swestock J, Wan BL, Carroll SS, DiMuzio JM, Graham DJ, Ludmerer SW, Stahlhut MW, Fandozzi CM, Trainor N, Olsen DB, Vacca JP, Liverton NJ. Discovery of MK-1220: A Macrocyclic Inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease with Improved Preclinical Plasma Exposure. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:207-12. [PMID: 24900304 DOI: 10.1021/ml1002426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of MK-1220 is reported along with the development of a series of HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors containing a P2 to P4 macrocyclic constraint with improved preclinical pharmacokinetics. Optimization of the P2 heterocycle substitution pattern as well as the P3 amino acid led to compounds with greatly improved plasma exposure following oral dosing in both rats and dogs while maintaining excellent enzyme potency and cellular activity. These studies led to the identification of MK-1220.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Rudd
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - John A. McCauley
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - John W. Butcher
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Joseph J. Romano
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Charles J. McIntyre
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Kevin T. Nguyen
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Kevin F. Gilbert
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Kimberly J. Bush
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - M. Katharine Holloway
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - John Swestock
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Bang-Lin Wan
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Steven S. Carroll
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jillian M. DiMuzio
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Donald J. Graham
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Steven W. Ludmerer
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Mark W. Stahlhut
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Christine M. Fandozzi
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Nicole Trainor
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - David B. Olsen
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Joseph P. Vacca
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Nigel J. Liverton
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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14
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Beshore DC, Liverton NJ, McIntyre CJ, Claiborne CF, Libby B, Culberson JC, Salata JJ, Regan CP, Lynch JJ, Kiss L, Spencer RH, Kane SA, White RB, Yeh S, Hartman GD, Dinsmore CJ. Discovery of triarylethanolamine inhibitors of the Kv1.5 potassium channel. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2493-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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15
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McCauley JA, McIntyre CJ, Rudd MT, Nguyen KT, Romano JJ, Butcher JW, Gilbert KF, Bush KJ, Holloway MK, Swestock J, Wan BL, Carroll SS, DiMuzio JM, Graham DJ, Ludmerer SW, Mao SS, Stahlhut MW, Fandozzi CM, Trainor N, Olsen DB, Vacca JP, Liverton NJ. Discovery of Vaniprevir (MK-7009), a Macrocyclic Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4a Protease Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2010; 53:2443-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jm9015526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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McIntyre CJ, McCauley JA, Bednar B, Bednar RA, Butcher JW, Claremon DA, Cunningham ME, Freidinger RM, Gaul SL, Homnick CF, Koblan KS, Mosser SD, Romano JJ, Liverton NJ. Synthesis and evaluation of novel tricyclic benzo[4.5]cyclohepta[1.2]pyridine derivatives as NMDA/NR2B antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5132-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Harper S, Ferrara M, Crescenzi B, Pompei M, Palumbi MC, DiMuzio JM, Donghi M, Fiore F, Koch U, Liverton NJ, Pesci S, Petrocchi A, Rowley M, Summa V, Gardelli C. Inhibitors of the Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease with Basic Amine Functionality at the P3-Amino Acid N-Terminus: Discovery and Optimization of a New Series of P2−P4 Macrocycles. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4820-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900372w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Harper
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrara
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Crescenzi
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Pompei
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Palumbi
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Jillian M. DiMuzio
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Donghi
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fiore
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Uwe Koch
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Nigel J. Liverton
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Pesci
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Petrocchi
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Rowley
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Summa
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Gardelli
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
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18
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Pompei M, Francesco MED, Koch U, Liverton NJ, Summa V. Phosphorous acid analogs of novel P2-P4 macrocycles as inhibitors of HCV-NS3 protease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2574-8. [PMID: 19328685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
HCV-NS3 protease is essential for viral replication and NS3 protease inhibitors have shown proof of concept in clinical trials. Novel P2-P4 macrocycle inhibitors of NS3/4A comprising a P1 C-terminal carboxylic acid have recently been disclosed. A series of analogs, in which the carboxylic residue is replaced by phosphorous acid functionalities were synthesized and found to be inhibitors of the NS3 protease. Among them the methylphosphinate analogue showed nanomolar level of enzyme inhibition and sub-micromolar potency in the replication assay.
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19
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Liverton NJ, Holloway MK, McCauley JA, Rudd MT, Butcher JW, Carroll SS, DiMuzio J, Fandozzi C, Gilbert KF, Mao SS, McIntyre CJ, Nguyen KT, Romano JJ, Stahlhut M, Wan BL, Olsen DB, Vacca JP. Molecular Modeling Based Approach to Potent P2−P4 Macrocyclic Inhibitors of Hepatitis C NS3/4A Protease. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:4607-9. [PMID: 18338894 DOI: 10.1021/ja711120r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel J. Liverton
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Antiviral Research, Drug Metabolism, and Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - M. Katharine Holloway
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Antiviral Research, Drug Metabolism, and Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - John A. McCauley
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Antiviral Research, Drug Metabolism, and Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Michael T. Rudd
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Antiviral Research, Drug Metabolism, and Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - John W. Butcher
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Antiviral Research, Drug Metabolism, and Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Steven S. Carroll
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Antiviral Research, Drug Metabolism, and Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Jillian DiMuzio
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Antiviral Research, Drug Metabolism, and Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Christine Fandozzi
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Antiviral Research, Drug Metabolism, and Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Kevin F. Gilbert
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Antiviral Research, Drug Metabolism, and Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Shi-Shan Mao
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Antiviral Research, Drug Metabolism, and Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Charles J. McIntyre
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Antiviral Research, Drug Metabolism, and Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Kevin T. Nguyen
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Antiviral Research, Drug Metabolism, and Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Joseph J. Romano
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Antiviral Research, Drug Metabolism, and Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Mark Stahlhut
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Antiviral Research, Drug Metabolism, and Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Bang-Lin Wan
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Antiviral Research, Drug Metabolism, and Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - David B. Olsen
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Antiviral Research, Drug Metabolism, and Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Joseph P. Vacca
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Antiviral Research, Drug Metabolism, and Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
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20
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Regan CP, Kiss L, Stump GL, McIntyre CJ, Beshore DC, Liverton NJ, Dinsmore CJ, Lynch JJ. Atrial antifibrillatory effects of structurally distinct IKur blockers 3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-6-methoxy-2-methyl-4-phenylisoquinolin-1(2H)-one and 2-phenyl-1,1-dipyridin-3-yl-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethanol in dogs with underlying heart failure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 324:322-30. [PMID: 17967939 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.127654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery efforts have focused recently on atrial-selective targets, including the Kv1.5 channel, which underlies the ultrarapid delayed rectifier current, I(Kur), to develop novel treatments for atrial fibrillation (AF). Two structurally distinct compounds, a triarylethanolamine TAEA and an isoquinolinone 3-[(dimethylamino)-methyl]-6-methoxy-2-methyl-4-phenylisoquinolin-1(2H)-one (ISQ-1), blocked I(Kur) in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human Kv1.5 with IC(50) values of 238 and 324 nM, respectively. In anesthetized dogs, i.v. infusions of TAEA and ISQ-1 elicited comparable 16% increases in atrial refractory period, with no effect on ventricular refractory period or QTc interval. Plasma concentrations at end infusion for TAEA and ISQ-1 were 58.5 +/- 23.6 and 330.3 +/- 43.5 nM, respectively. The abilities of TAEA and ISQ-1 to terminate AF, with comparison to the rapidly activating component of delayed rectifier potassium current blocker (+)-N-[1'-(6-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2(R)-naphthalenyl)-3,4-dihydro-4(R)-hydroxyspiro(2H-1-benzopyran-2,4'-piperidin)-6-yl]methanesulfonamide] monohydrochloride (MK-499) and the class IC 1-[2-[2-hydroxy-3-(propylamino)-propoxy]phenyl]-3-phenyl-1-propanone (propafenone), were assessed in conscious dogs with heart failure and inducible AF (entry criterion). All test agents administered in i.v. bolus regimens terminated AF in at least half of animals tested; conversely no agent was universally effective. MK-499, ISQ-1, TAEA, and propafenone terminated AF in five of six, four of seven, four of six, and five of six animals at plasma concentrations of 32.6 +/- 18.7, 817 +/- 274, 714 +/- 622, and 816 +/- 240 nM, respectively. Directed cardiac electrophysiologic studies in anesthetized dogs using i.v. bolus (consistent with AF studies) plus infusion regimens with TAEA and ISQ-1 demonstrated significant increases in atrial refractory period (12-15%), A-H and P-A intervals, but no effects on ventricular refractory period, H-V, and HEG intervals. The demonstration of AF termination with TAEA and ISQ-1 in the dog heart failure model extends the profile of antiarrhythmic efficacy of Kv1.5 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Regan
- Departments of Stroke and Neurodegeneration, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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21
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Nguyen KT, Claiborne CF, McCauley JA, Libby BE, Claremon DA, Bednar RA, Mosser SD, Gaul SL, Connolly TM, Condra CL, Bednar B, Stump GL, Lynch JJ, Koblan KS, Liverton NJ. Cyclic benzamidines as orally efficacious NR2B-selective NMDA receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3997-4000. [PMID: 17498948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of cyclic benzamidines was synthesized and shown to exhibit NR2B-subtype selective NMDA antagonist activity. Compound 29 is orally active in a carrageenan-induced rat hyperalgesia model of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Nguyen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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22
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Regan CP, Stump GL, Wallace AA, Anderson KD, McIntyre CJ, Liverton NJ, Lynch JJ. In Vivo Cardiac Electrophysiologic and Antiarrhythmic Effects of an Isoquinoline IKur Blocker, ISQ-1, in Rat, Dog, and Nonhuman Primate. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2007; 49:236-45. [PMID: 17438409 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3180325b2a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac electrophysiologic effects of ISQ-1, an isoquinolinone I(Kur) blocker, were characterized in vivo. In rat, ISQ-1 elicited maximal 33% to 36% increases in atrial and ventricular refractoriness at a plasma concentration of 11.5 microM. In African green monkey, ISQ-1 increased atrial refractory period (maximal 17% at plasma concentration up to 20 microM) with no effect on ventricular refractory period or ECG QTc. Likewise in dog, ISQ-1 increased atrial refractory period (maximal 16% at plasma concentration up to 2 microM) with no effect on ventricular refractory period or QTc. In contrast, studies with ibutilide in nonhuman primate and dog demonstrated concomitant increases in atrial and ventricular refractoriness and QTc. Additionally, in a dog model of atrial flutter, ISQ-1 terminated ongoing flutter at doses (2.5 +/- 0.5 mg/kg IV) that selectively prolonged atrial refractoriness (13% increase), whereas flutter termination with ibutilide occurred at doses that increased both atrial and ventricular refractoriness as well as QTc. Of note, the cardiac electrophysiologic profiles displayed by ISQ-1 in these species were similar to those reported previously by our lab with a structurally distinct I(Kur) blocker. Taken together, these results further support the inhibition of I(Kur) as an approach to terminate atrial arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Regan
- Department of Stroke and Neurodegeneration, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
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23
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Trotter BW, Nanda KK, Kett NR, Regan CP, Lynch JJ, Stump GL, Kiss L, Wang J, Spencer RH, Kane SA, White RB, Zhang R, Anderson KD, Liverton NJ, McIntyre CJ, Beshore DC, Hartman GD, Dinsmore CJ. Design and synthesis of novel isoquinoline-3-nitriles as orally bioavailable Kv1.5 antagonists for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. J Med Chem 2007; 49:6954-7. [PMID: 17125248 DOI: 10.1021/jm060927v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel 3-cyanoisoquinoline Kv1.5 antagonists have been prepared and evaluated in in vitro and in vivo assays for inhibition of the Kv1.5 potassium channel and its associated cardiac potassium current, IKur. Structural modifications of isoquinolinone lead 1 afforded compounds with excellent potency, selectivity, and oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wesley Trotter
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, WP14-2, P.O. Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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24
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Liverton NJ, Bednar RA, Bednar B, Butcher JW, Claiborne CF, Claremon DA, Cunningham M, DiLella AG, Gaul SL, Libby BE, Lyle EA, Lynch JJ, McCauley JA, Mosser SD, Nguyen KT, Stump GL, Sun H, Wang H, Yergey J, Koblan KS. Identification and characterization of 4-methylbenzyl 4-[(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate, an orally bioavailable, brain penetrant NR2B selective N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. J Med Chem 2007; 50:807-19. [PMID: 17249648 DOI: 10.1021/jm060983w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a novel series of NR2B subtype selective N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists is reported. Initial optimization of a high-throughput screening lead afforded an aminopyridine derivative 13 with significant NR2B antagonist potency but limited selectivity over hERG-channel and other off-target activities. Further structure-activity studies on the aminoheterocycle moiety and optimization of the carbamate led to the highly potent 2-aminopyrimidine derivative 20j with a significantly improved off-target activity profile and oral bioavailability in multiple species coupled with good brain penetration. Compound 20j demonstrated efficacy in in vivo rodent models of antinociception, allodynia, and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel J Liverton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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25
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Bednar B, Cunningham ME, Kiss L, Cheng G, McCauley JA, Liverton NJ, Koblan KS. Kinetic characterization of novel NR2B antagonists using fluorescence detection of calcium flux. J Neurosci Methods 2004; 137:247-55. [PMID: 15262068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2003] [Revised: 02/25/2004] [Accepted: 02/25/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate the discovery of novel N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, we have developed a high-throughput functional assay based on fluorescence detection of free intracellular calcium concentrations. Mouse fibroblast L(tk-) cells expressing human NR1a/NR2B NMDA receptors were plated in 96-well plates and loaded with fluorescence calcium indicator fluo-3 AM. NR2B antagonists were added after stimulation of NMDA receptors with 10 microM glutamate and 10 microM glycine. Changes in fluorescence after the addition of the antagonists were fitted by a single exponential equation providing k(obs). The concentration dependence of k(obs) was linear for all NR2B antagonists at concentrations where k(obs) < 0.2 s(-1). The values of k(obs) for six structurally distinct NR2B antagonists were in the range of 1.1 to 7.5 x 10(5) M(-1)s(-1). These values were several orders of magnitude slower than that obtained for diffusion limited Mg(2+) channel block. The rate constants k(off) provided the values of t(1/2) for dissociation of NR2B antagonists in the range of 1.8 min for ifenprodil to 240 min for the slowest novel antagonist. The IC(50) values obtained from the end-point fluorescence measurements agree with K(d) values calculated from kinetic measurements. All kinetic constants, obtained using our fluorescence method, correlate well with data measured by voltage clamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohumil Bednar
- Department of Neurology, Merck Research Laboratories, WP26A-2000 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19454, USA.
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26
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McCauley JA, Theberge CR, Romano JJ, Billings SB, Anderson KD, Claremon DA, Freidinger RM, Bednar RA, Mosser SD, Gaul SL, Connolly TM, Condra CL, Xia M, Cunningham ME, Bednar B, Stump GL, Lynch JJ, Macaulay A, Wafford KA, Koblan KS, Liverton NJ. NR2B-Selective N-Methyl-d-aspartate Antagonists: Synthesis and Evaluation of 5-Substituted Benzimidazoles. J Med Chem 2004; 47:2089-96. [PMID: 15056006 DOI: 10.1021/jm030483s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two classes of 5-substituted benzimidazoles were identified as potent antagonists of the NR2B subtype of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Selected compounds show very good selectivity versus the NR2A, NR2C, and NR2D subtypes of the NMDA receptor as well as versus hERG-channel activity and alpha(1)-adrenergic binding. Benzimidazole 37a shows excellent activity in the carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia assay in rats as well as good pharmacokinetic behavior in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A McCauley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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27
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Butcher JW, Liverton NJ, Claremon DA, Freidinger RM, Jurkiewicz NK, Lynch JJ, Salata JJ, Wang J, Dieckhaus CM, Slaughter DE, Vyas K. Corrigendum to ‘Novel 5-Cyclopropyl-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones as Potent and Selective IKs-Blocking Class III Antiarrhythmic Agents’. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Butcher JW, Liverton NJ, Claremon DA, Freidinger RM, Jurkiewicz NK, Lynch JJ, Salata JJ, Wang J, Dieckhaus CM, Slaughter DE, Vyas K. Novel 5-cyclopropyl-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones as potent and selective I(Ks)-blocking class III antiarrhythmic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:1165-8. [PMID: 12643935 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel 5-cyclopropyl-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones having various N-l substituents were identified as potent and selective blockers of the slowly activating cardiac delayed rectifier potassium current (I(Ks)). Compound 11 is the most potent I(Ks) channel blocker reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Butcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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29
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Claiborne CF, McCauley JA, Libby BE, Curtis NR, Diggle HJ, Kulagowski JJ, Michelson SR, Anderson KD, Claremon DA, Freidinger RM, Bednar RA, Mosser SD, Gaul SL, Connolly TM, Condra CL, Bednar B, Stump GL, Lynch JJ, Macaulay A, Wafford KA, Koblan KS, Liverton NJ. Orally efficacious NR2B-selective NMDA receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:697-700. [PMID: 12639561 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)01061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of benzamidines was synthesized and shown to exhibit NR2B-subtype selective NMDA antagonist activity. Compound 31 is orally active in a carrageenan-induced rat hyperalgesia model of pain and shows no motor coordination side effects.
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30
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Lynch JJ, Salata JJ, Wallace AA, Stump GL, Gilberto DB, Jahansouz H, Liverton NJ, Selnick HG, Claremon DA. Antiarrhythmic efficacy of combined I(Ks) and beta-adrenergic receptor blockade. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 302:283-9. [PMID: 12065728 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.302.1.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppression of malignant ventricular arrhythmias by selective blockade of the cardiac slowly activating delayed rectifier current (I(Ks)) has been demonstrated with the benzodiazepine L-768673 [(R)-2-(2,4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-N-[2-oxo-5-phenyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-3-yl]acetamide] in canine models of recent and healed myocardial infarction. The present study extends the initial antiarrhythmic assessment of I(Ks) blockade by demonstrating prevention of ischemic malignant arrhythmias in dogs with recent (8.0 +/- 0.4 days) anterior myocardial infarction with the coadministration of a subeffective dose of L-768673 and a subeffective, minimally beta-adrenergic blocking dose of timolol. Administered individually, neither 0.3 microg/kg i.v. L-768673 nor 1.0 microg/kg i.v. timolol prevented the induction of ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT) by programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS) or the development of malignant ventricular arrhythmia in response to acute coronary artery thrombosis. In contrast, coadministration of 0.3 microg/kg i.v. L-768673 + 1.0 microg/kg i.v. timolol suppressed the induction of VT by PVS (8/10, 80% rendered noninducible versus 1/10, 10% noninducible in vehicle group; p < 0.01) and prevented the development of acute ischemic lethal arrhythmias (3/10, 30% incidence versus 8/10, 80% incidence in vehicle group; p < 0.05). Concomitant administration of low-dose L-768673 + timolol produced modest increases in QTc and paced QT intervals (4.5 +/- 1.2 and 5.5 +/- 1.4%; both p < 0.01), increases in noninfarct zone relative and effective refractory periods (7.0 +/- 1.7 and 12.3 +/- 3.0%; both p < 0.01), and lesser increases in infarct zone relative and effective refractory periods (5.3 +/- 1.6 and 5.8 +/- 1.4%; both p < 0.01). These findings suggest that concomitant low-dose I(Ks) and beta-adrenergic blockade may constitute a potential pharmacologic strategy for prevention of malignant ischemic ventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, WP46-300, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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31
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Smith AB, Liverton NJ, Hrib NJ, Sivaramakrishnan H, Winzenberg K. Total synthesis of (+)-jatropholones A and B. Exploitation of the high-pressure technique. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00271a038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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33
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34
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35
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36
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Wood JL, Liverton NJ, Visnick M, Smith AB. An efficient photochemical approach to the trans-bicyclo[5.1.0]octene ring system. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00194a076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Abstract
Trisubstituted pyridazines were synthesized and evaluated as in vitro inhibitors of p38MAPK. The most active isomers were those possessing an aryl group alpha and a heteroaryl group beta relative to the nitrogen atom in the 2-position of the central pyridazine. Additionally, substitution in the 6-position of the central pyridazine with a variety of dialkylamino substituents afforded a set of inhibitors having good (p38 IC50 1-20 nM) in vitro activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J McIntyre
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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38
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Ayala JM, Goyal S, Liverton NJ, Claremon DA, O'Keefe SJ, Hanlon WA. Serum-induced monocyte differentiation and monocyte chemotaxis are regulated by the p38 MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. J Leukoc Biol 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.67.6.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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39
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Ayala JM, Goyal S, Liverton NJ, Claremon DA, O'Keefe SJ, Hanlon WA. Serum-induced monocyte differentiation and monocyte chemotaxis are regulated by the p38 MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. J Leukoc Biol 2000; 67:869-75. [PMID: 10857861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation by the p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway of monocytic inflammatory functions was evaluated using L-790,070, a potent and selective inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase. Three major functions of monocytes were investigated: differentiation, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. L-790,070 inhibited serum-induced monocyte differentiation with an IC50 of 0.5 nM. Monocyte chemotaxis induced by RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), monocyte chemotactic protein- (MCP-1), and fMLP were all sensitive to L-790,070. When titrated, L-790,070 inhibited MCP-1-induced chemotaxis in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 0.3 nM. However, the ability of serum-derived macrophages to phagocytose apoptotic neutrophils was unaffected by L-790,070. The concentration with which L-790,070 inhibited both differentiation and chemotaxis was similar to that necessary to inhibit p38 MAP kinase activation of MAPKAP kinase (0.3 nM) in response to stimulation by lipopolysaccharide. Therefore, the data in this report suggest that the mechanism by which L-790,070 blocked monocyte differentiation and prevented chemotaxis was by inhibiting p38 MAP kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ayala
- Department of Immunology & Rheumatology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
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40
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Lynch JJ, Houle MS, Stump GL, Wallace AA, Gilberto DB, Jahansouz H, Smith GR, Tebben AJ, Liverton NJ, Selnick HG, Claremon DA, Billman GE. Antiarrhythmic efficacy of selective blockade of the cardiac slowly activating delayed rectifier current, I(Ks), in canine models of malignant ischemic ventricular arrhythmia. Circulation 1999; 100:1917-22. [PMID: 10545437 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.100.18.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, the lack of potent and selective inhibitors has hampered the physiological assessment of modulation of the cardiac slowly activating delayed rectifier current, I(Ks). The present study, using the I(Ks) blocker L-768,673, represents the first in vivo assessment of the cardiac electrophysiological and antiarrhythmic effects of selective I(Ks) blockade. METHODS AND RESULTS In an anesthetized canine model of recent (8.5+/-0.4 days) anterior myocardial infarction, 0.003 to 0.03 mg/kg L-768,673 IV significantly suppressed electrically induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias and reduced the incidence of lethal arrhythmias precipitated by acute, thrombotically induced posterolateral myocardial ischemia. Antiarrhythmic protection afforded by L-768,673 was accompanied by modest 7% to 10% increases in noninfarct zone ventricular effective refractory period, 3% to 5% increases in infarct zone ventricular effective refractory period, and 4% to 6% increases in QTc interval. In a conscious canine model of healed (3 to 4 weeks) anterior myocardial infarction, ventricular fibrillation was provoked by transient occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery during submaximal exercise. Pretreatment with 0.03 mg/kg L-768,673 IV elicited a modest 7% increase in QTc, prevented ventricular fibrillation in 5 of 6 animals, and suppressed arrhythmias in 2 additional animals. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that selective blockade of I(Ks) may be a potentially useful intervention for the prevention of malignant ischemic ventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lynch
- Departments of Pharmacology, Laboratory Animal Medicine, Pharmaceutical Research and Development, and Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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Liverton NJ, Butcher JW, Claiborne CF, Claremon DA, Libby BE, Nguyen KT, Pitzenberger SM, Selnick HG, Smith GR, Tebben A, Vacca JP, Varga SL, Agarwal L, Dancheck K, Forsyth AJ, Fletcher DS, Frantz B, Hanlon WA, Harper CF, Hofsess SJ, Kostura M, Lin J, Luell S, O'Neill EA, O'Keefe SJ. Design and synthesis of potent, selective, and orally bioavailable tetrasubstituted imidazole inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Med Chem 1999; 42:2180-90. [PMID: 10377223 DOI: 10.1021/jm9805236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel potent and selective diarylimidazole inhibitors of p38 MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase are described which have activity in both cell-based assays of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release and an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. The SAR leading to the development of selectivity against c-Raf and JNK2alpha1 kinases is presented, with key features being substitution of the 4-aryl ring with m-trifluoromethyl and substitution of the 5-heteroaryl ring with a 2-amino substituent. Cell-based activity was significantly enhanced by incorporation of a 4-piperidinyl moiety at the 2-position of the imidazole which also enhanced aqueous solubility. In general, oral bioavailability of this class of compounds was found to be poor unless the imidazole was methylated on nitrogen. This work led to identification of 48, a potent (p38 MAP kinase inhibition IC50 0.24 nM) and selective p38 MAP kinase inhibitor which inhibits lipopolysaccharide-stimulated release of TNF-alpha from human blood with an IC50 2.2 nM, shows good oral bioavailability in rat and rhesus monkey, and demonstrates significant improvement in measures of disease progression in a rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Liverton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
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Liverton NJ, Armstrong DJ, Claremon DA, Remy DC, Baldwin JJ, Lynch RJ, Zhang G, Gould RJ. Nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors: substituted quinazolinediones and quinazolinones as potent fibrinogen receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:483-6. [PMID: 9871603 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological activity of a series of 3,6-substituted quinazolinediones and quinazolinones are described. The potent activity of these compounds as platelet aggregation inhibitors demonstrates the utility of these structures as central templates for nonpeptide RGD mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Liverton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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Selnick HG, Liverton NJ, Baldwin JJ, Butcher JW, Claremon DA, Elliott JM, Freidinger RM, King SA, Libby BE, McIntyre CJ, Pribush DA, Remy DC, Smith GR, Tebben AJ, Jurkiewicz NK, Lynch JJ, Salata JJ, Sanguinetti MC, Siegl PK, Slaughter DE, Vyas K. Class III antiarrhythmic activity in vivo by selective blockade of the slowly activating cardiac delayed rectifier potassium current IKs by (R)-2-(2,4-trifluoromethyl)-N-[2-oxo-5-phenyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)- 2, 3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-3-yl]acetamide. J Med Chem 1997; 40:3865-8. [PMID: 9397166 DOI: 10.1021/jm970517u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H G Selnick
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
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Butcher JW, Liverton NJ, Selnick HG, Elliot JM, Smith GR, Tebben AJ, Pribush DA, Wai JS, Claremon DA. Preparation of 3-amino-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones via direct azidation with trisyl azide. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(96)01475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Leeson PD, James K, Lennon IC, Liverton NJ, Aspley S, Jackson RG. Adenosine-2′-monophosphate derivatives: Structural requirements as substrates for inositol monophosphatase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Baker R, Carrick C, Leeson PD, Lennon IC, Liverton NJ. Design and synthesis of 6α-substituted 2β,4α-dihydroxy-1β-phosphoryloxycyclohexanes, potent inhibitors of inositol monophosphatase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1039/c39910000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Baker R, Leeson PD, Liverton NJ, Kulagowski JJ. Identification of (1S)-phosphoryloxy-(2R,4S)-dihydroxycyclohexane as a potent inhibitor of inositol monophosphatase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1039/c39900000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zibuck R, Liverton NJ, Smith AB. Correction. Total Synthesis of (+)-Latrunculin B. J Am Chem Soc 1986. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00276a606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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