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Lu Y, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Wu S, Ma M, Peng X, Zeng Z, Zeng D. Metabolite Identification of Isopropoxy Benzene Guanidine in Rat Liver Microsomes by Using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087313. [PMID: 37108473 PMCID: PMC10138866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Isopropoxy benzene guanidine (IBG) is a guanidine derivative with antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. A few studies have revealed the metabolism of IBG in animals. The aim of the current study was to identify potential metabolic pathways and metabolites of IBG. The detection and characterization of metabolites were performed with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). Seven metabolites were identified from the microsomal incubated samples by using the UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS system. The metabolic pathways of IBG in the rat liver microsomes involved O-dealkylation, oxygenation, cyclization, and hydrolysis. Hydroxylation was the main metabolic pathway of IBG in the liver microsomes. This research investigated the in vitro metabolism of IBG to provide a basis for the further pharmacology and toxicology of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sujuan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Minglang Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xianfeng Peng
- Guangzhou Insighter Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dongping Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, Guangzhou 510642, China
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2
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Lu Y, Yang L, Zhang W, Xie S, Zhao F, Peng X, Qin Z, Zeng D, Zeng Z. Enhancement of the oral bioavailability of isopropoxy benzene guanidine though complexation with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2824-2830. [PMID: 36062487 PMCID: PMC9448396 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2118400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Isopropoxy benzene guanidine (IBG) is a novel substituted benzene guanidine analogue with antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, the bioavailability of IBG is not optimal due to its finite aqueous solubility, thus hampering its potential therapeutic exploitation. In this study, we prepared IBG/hydroxypropyl-β-CD (IBG/HP-β-CD) complex, and characterized it by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Physicochemical characterization indicated that the crystal morphology of IBG transformed into an amorphous state, thus forming IBG/HP-β-CD inclusion complexes. Complexation with HP-β-CD significantly improve the aqueous solubility, pharmaceutical properties, absorption, and bioavailability of IBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuye Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiting Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianfeng Peng
- Guangzhou Insighter Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zonghua Qin
- Guangzhou Insighter Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongping Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Kong L, Lu Y, Yang L, Zhang W, Zuo B, Peng X, Qin Z, Li M, Zeng Z, Zeng D. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Colistin Combined With Isopropoxy Benzene Guanidine Against mcr-1-Positive Salmonella in an Intestinal Infection Model. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:907116. [PMID: 35668766 PMCID: PMC9163831 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.907116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmid-borne colistin resistance mediated by mcr-1 is a growing problem, which poses a serious challenge to the clinical application of colistin for Gram-negative bacterial infections. Drug combination is one of the effective strategies to treat colistin-resistant bacteria. Here, we found a guanidine compound, namely, isopropoxy benzene guanidine (IBG), which boosted the efficacy of colistin against mcr-1-positive Salmonella. This study aimed to develop a pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) model by combining colistin with IBG against mcr-1-positive Salmonella in an intestinal infection model. Antibiotic susceptibility testing, checkerboard assays and time-kill curves were used to investigate the antibacterial activity of the synergistic activity of the combination. PK studies of colistin in the intestine were determined through oral gavage of single dose of 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg of body weight in broilers with intestinal infection. On the contrary, PD studies were conducted over 24 h based on a single dose ranging from 2 to 16 mg/kg. The inhibitory effect Imax model was used for PK/PD modeling. The combination of colistin and IBG showed significant synergistic activity. The AUC0−24h/MIC index was used to evaluate the relationship between PK and PD, and the correlation was >0.9085. The AUC0−24h /MIC targets in combination required to achieve the bacteriostatic action, 3-log10 kill, and 4-log10 kill of bacterial counts were 47.55, 865.87, and 1894.39, respectively. These results can facilitate the evaluation of the use of IBG as a potential colistin adjuvant in the treatment of intestinal diseases in broilers caused by colistin-resistant Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixing Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuye Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Beini Zuo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianfeng Peng
- Guangzhou Insighter Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Zonghua Qin
- Guangzhou Insighter Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Li
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenling Zeng
| | - Dongping Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Dongping Zeng
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4
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Kim SH, Semenya D, Castagnolo D. Antimicrobial drugs bearing guanidine moieties: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 216:113293. [PMID: 33640673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Compounds incorporating guanidine moieties constitute a versatile class of biologically interesting molecules with a wide array of applications. As such, guanidines have been exploited as privileged structural motifs in designing novel drugs for the treatment of various infectious and non-infectious diseases. In designing anti-infective agents, this moiety carries great appeal by virtue of attributes such as hydrogen-bonding capability and protonatability at physiological pH in the context of interaction with biological targets. This review provides an overview of recent advances in hit-to-lead development studies of antimicrobial guanidine-containing compounds with the aim to highlight their structural diversity and the pharmacological relevance of the moiety to drug activity, insofar as possible. In so doing, emphasis is put on chemical and microbiological properties of such compounds in relation to antibacterial, antifungal and antimalarial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Heun Kim
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dorothy Semenya
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom.
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5
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Zhang X, Xiong W, Peng X, Lu Y, Hao J, Qin Z, Zeng Z. Isopropoxy Benzene Guanidine Kills Staphylococcus aureus Without Detectable Resistance. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:633467. [PMID: 33613506 PMCID: PMC7890237 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.633467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Serious infections caused by multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clearly urge the development of new antimicrobial agents. Drug repositioning has emerged as an alternative approach that enables us to rapidly identify effective drugs. We first reported a guanidine compound, isopropoxy benzene guanidine, had potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Unlike conventional antibiotics, repeated use of isopropoxy benzene guanidine had a lower probability of resistance section. We found that isopropoxy benzene guanidine triggered membrane damage by disrupting the cell membrane potential and cytoplasmic membrane integrity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that isopropoxy benzene guanidine is capable of treating invasive MRSA infections in vivo studies. These findings provided strong evidence that isopropoxy benzene guanidine represents a new chemical lead for novel antibacterial agent against multidrug-resistant S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Zhang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguang Xiong
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianfeng Peng
- Guangzhou Insighter Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixing Lu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Hao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zonghua Qin
- Guangzhou Insighter Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Mourer M, Duval RE, Constant P, Daffé M, Regnouf‐de‐Vains J. Impact of Tetracationic Calix[4]arene Conformation—from Conic Structure to Expanded Bolaform—on Their Antibacterial and Antimycobacterial Activities. Chembiochem 2019; 20:911-921. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Mourer
- Université de LorraineCNRS, L2CMFaculté des Sciences et Technologies Boulevard des Aiguillettes 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Raphaël E. Duval
- Université de LorraineCNRS, L2CMFaculté des Sciences et Technologies Boulevard des Aiguillettes 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
- ABC Platform Nancy 54001 France
| | - Patricia Constant
- Département Tuberculose & Biologie des InfectionsInstitut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5089Université de ToulouseCNRS, UPS 205 Route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04 France
| | - Mamadou Daffé
- Département Tuberculose & Biologie des InfectionsInstitut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5089Université de ToulouseCNRS, UPS 205 Route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04 France
| | - Jean‐Bernard Regnouf‐de‐Vains
- Université de LorraineCNRS, L2CMFaculté des Sciences et Technologies Boulevard des Aiguillettes 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
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7
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Sidoryk K, Świtalska M, Rózga P, Wietrzyk J, Bujak I, Żerek B, Kaczmarek Ł, Cybulski M. An efficient synthesis of indolo[2,3-b]quinoline guanidine derivatives with their in vitro and in vivo study. Med Chem Res 2017; 26:3354-3366. [PMID: 29170613 PMCID: PMC5676820 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An optimization of the guanidylation process by verifying the efficacy of common guanylation reagents in order to obtain the guanidine derivatives of indolo[2,3-b]quinoline has been performed. As a result, a high-yield procedure using N,N′-di-Boc-N′′-triflylguanidine was applied to synthesize the guanidine derivative of indolo[2,3-b]quinoline 1 in a gram scale for specific in vitro and in vivo biological research. Extensive studies on the antiproliferative activity against eight human tumor cell lines were completed. Compound 1 revealed the highest activity against A549 lung adenocarcinoma and MCF7 breast cancer cell lines. Thus, 1 was evaluated for the in vivo anticancer activity against 4T1 mammary gland carcinoma and KLN205 murine lung carcinoma in mouse models. The anticancer effect was observed in the KLN205 model with a 37% tumor growth inhibition at the 20 mg/kg dose. This anticancer activity of 1 was comparable to that of cyclophosphamide which inhibited murine lung tumor growth in the range of 27–43% at the dose of 100 mg/kg. The biochemistry research after 1 admission, including measurements of blood parameters like alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and urea and creatinine, were also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sidoryk
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera St., 01-793 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marta Świtalska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigla St., 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Rózga
- Adamed Group, Oncology Group, Pieńków 149, 05-152 Czosnów, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigla St., 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Iwona Bujak
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera St., 01-793 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Żerek
- Adamed Group, Oncology Group, Pieńków 149, 05-152 Czosnów, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kaczmarek
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera St., 01-793 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marcin Cybulski
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera St., 01-793 Warszawa, Poland
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8
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Rath S, Schepmann D, Wünsch B. Replacement of benzylic hydroxy group by vinyl or hydroxymethyl moiety at the 3-benzazepine scaffold retaining GluN2B affinity. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5365-5372. [PMID: 28797770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Since overactivation of NMDA receptors is associated with neurodegenerative disorders, the design and development of subunit-selective NMDA receptor antagonists are of great interest. In order to avoid the formation of quinone-like intermediates as starting point for degradation the benzylic OH group of the lead compounds 2 was replaced by an electron rich vinyl or homologous hydroxymethyl moiety. The Bi(OTf)3 catalyzed intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation of 9a represents the key step in the synthesis of 1-vinyl substituted tetrahydro-3-benzazepine 10. Ozonolysis of 10 and subsequent reduction led to the hydroxymethyl derivative 14. The GluN2B affinities of the methyl ethers 2a, 3a and 4a and phenols 2b and 3b are very similar, respectively. It can be concluded that the ifenprodil binding site of GluN2B subunit containing NMDA receptors well tolerates a vinyl or hydroxymethyl moiety instead of the benzylic OH group. However, the selectivity has to improved, since the σ1 affinity of the new ligands is higher than their GluN2B affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Rath
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany.
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9
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Novel guanidinium salts of biologically active (het)arylchalcogenylacetic acids. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Berlinck RGS, Bertonha AF, Takaki M, Rodriguez JPG. The chemistry and biology of guanidine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:1264-1301. [DOI: 10.1039/c7np00037e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry and biology of natural guanidines isolated from microbial culture media, from marine invertebrates, as well as from terrestrial plants and animals, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariane F. Bertonha
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Mirelle Takaki
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos
- Brazil
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11
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Costa MV, de Sequeira Aguiar LC, Malta LFB, Viana GM, Costa BB. Simple and efficient methodology to prepare guanidines from 1,3-disubstituted thioureas. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.02.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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