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Mathimaran A, Nagarajan H, Mathimaran A, Huang YC, Chen CJ, Vetrivel U, Jeyaraman J. Deciphering the pH-dependent oligomerization of aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Wolbachia endosymbiont of Brugia malayi: An in vitro and in silico approaches. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133977. [PMID: 39029846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
The enzyme aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASDH) plays a pivotal role in the amino acid biosynthesis pathway, making it an attractive target for the development of new antimicrobial drugs due to its absence in humans. This study aims to investigate the presence of ASDH in the filarial parasite Wolbachia endosymbiont of Brugia malayi (WBm) using both in vitro and in silico approaches. The size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and Native-PAGE analysis demonstrate that WBm-ASDH undergoes pH-dependent oligomerization and dimerization. To gain a deeper understanding of this phenomenon, the modelled monomer and dimer structures were subjected to pH-dependent dynamics simulations in various conditions. The results reveal that residues Val240, Gln161, Thr159, Tyr160, and Trp316 form strong hydrogen bond contacts in the intersurface area to maintain the structure in the dimeric form. Furthermore, the binding of NADP+ induces conformational changes, leading to an open or closed conformation in the structure. Importantly, the binding of NADP+ does not disturb either the dimerization or oligomerization of the protein, a finding confirmed through both in vitro and in silico analysis. These findings shed light on the structural characteristics of WBm-ASDH and offer valuable insights for the development of new inhibitors specific to WBm, thereby contributing to the development of potential therapies for filarial parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amala Mathimaran
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hemavathy Nagarajan
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ahila Mathimaran
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yen-Chieh Huang
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Umashankar Vetrivel
- Virology & Biotechnology/Bioinformatics Division, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 031, India
| | - Jeyakanthan Jeyaraman
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Kumar R, R R, Diwakar V, Khan N, Kumar Meghwanshi G, Garg P. Structural-functional analysis of drug target aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103908. [PMID: 38301800 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Aspartate β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of essential amino acids in microorganisms and some plants. Inhibition of ASADHs can be a potential drug target for developing novel antimicrobial and herbicidal compounds. This review covers up-to-date information about sequence diversity, ligand/inhibitor-bound 3D structures, potential inhibitors, and key pharmacophoric features of ASADH useful in designing novel and target-specific inhibitors of ASADH. Most reported ASADH inhibitors have two highly electronegative functional groups that interact with two key arginyl residues present in the active site of ASADHs. The structural information, active site binding modes, and key interactions between the enzyme and inhibitors serve as the basis for designing new and potent inhibitors against the ASADH family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajender Kumar
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rajkumar R
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Vineet Diwakar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Nazam Khan
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Applied Medical Science College, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Prabha Garg
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India.
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3
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Structural characterization of aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14010. [PMID: 35977963 PMCID: PMC9385607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonorrhoea infection rates and the risk of infection from opportunistic pathogens including P. aeruginosa have both risen globally, in part due to increasing broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance. Development of new antimicrobial drugs is necessary and urgent to counter infections from drug resistant bacteria. Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) is a key enzyme in the aspartate biosynthetic pathway, which is critical for amino acid and metabolite biosynthesis in most microorganisms including important human pathogens. Here we present the first structures of two ASADH proteins from N. gonorrhoeae and P. aeruginosa solved by X-ray crystallography. These high-resolution structures present an ideal platform for in silico drug design, offering potential targets for antimicrobial drug development as emerging multidrug resistant strains of bacteria become more prevalent.
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Wang X, Yang R, Liu S, Guan Y, Xiao C, Li C, Meng J, Pang Y, Liu Y. IMB-XMA0038, a new inhibitor targeting aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:2291-2299. [PMID: 34779708 PMCID: PMC8648042 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.2006578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) constitutes a major challenge to TB control programmes. There is an urgent need to develop effective anti-TB drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) is the second enzyme in the aspartate metabolic pathway. The absence of the pathway in humans and the absolute requirement of aspartate in bacteria make ASADH a highly attractive drug target. In this study, we used ASADH coupled with Escherichia coli type III aspartate kinase (LysC) to establish a high-throughput screening method to find new anti-TB inhibitors. IMB-XMA0038 was identified as an inhibitor of MtASADH with an IC50 value of 0.59 μg/mL through screening. The interaction between IMB-XMA0038 and MtASADH was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay and molecular docking analysis. Furthermore, IMB-XMA0038 was found to inhibit various drug-resistant MTB strains potently with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.25–0.5 μg/mL. The conditional mutant strain MTB::asadh cultured with different concentrations of inducer (10−5 or 10−1 μg/mL pristinamycin) resulted in a maximal 16 times difference in MICs. At the same time, IMB-XMA0038 showed low cytotoxicity in vitro and vivo. In mouse model, it encouragingly declined the MTB colony forming units (CFU) in lung by 1.67 log10 dosed at 25 mg/kg for 15 days. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that IMB-XMA0038 is a promising lead compound against drug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- National Laboratory for Screening New Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifang Yang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihan Liu
- National Laboratory for Screening New Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Guan
- National Laboratory for Screening New Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Xiao
- National Laboratory for Screening New Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhou Meng
- National Laboratory for Screening New Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishuang Liu
- National Laboratory for Screening New Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Friday SN, Cheng DW, Zagler SG, Zanella BS, Dietz JD, Calbat CN, Roach LT, Bagnal C, Faile IS, Halkides CJ, Viola RE. Design and testing of selective inactivators against an antifungal enzyme target. Drug Dev Res 2021; 83:447-460. [PMID: 34469014 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Systemic infections from fungal organisms are becoming increasingly difficult to treat as drug resistance continues to emerge. To substantially expand the antifungal drug landscape new compounds must be identified and developed with novel modes of action against previously untested drug targets. Most drugs block the activity of their targets through reversible, noncovalent interactions. However, a significant number of drugs form irreversible, covalent bonds with their selected targets. While more challenging to develop, these irreversible inactivators offer some significant advantages as novel antifungal agents. Vinyl sulfones contain a potentially reactive functional group that could function as a selective enzyme inactivator, and members of this class of compounds are now being developed as inactivators against an antifungal drug target. The enzyme aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) catalyzes a key step in an essential microbial pathway and is essential for the survival of every microorganism examined. A series of vinyl sulfones have been designed, guided by molecular modeling and docking studies to enhance their affinity for fungal ASADHs. These newly synthesized compounds have been examined against this target enzyme from the pathogenic fungal organism Candida albicans. Vinyl sulfones containing complementary structural elements inhibit this enzyme with inhibition constants in the low-micromolar range. These inhibitors have also led to the rapid and irreversible inactivation of this enzyme, and show some initial selectivity when compared to the inactivation of a bacterial ASADH. The best inactivators will serve as lead compounds for the development of potent and selective antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N Friday
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel W Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sebastian G Zagler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brady S Zanella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jordan D Dietz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher N Calbat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Logan T Roach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cindy Bagnal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ian S Faile
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher J Halkides
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ronald E Viola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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6
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Royet K, Parisot N, Rodrigue A, Gueguen E, Condemine G. Identification by Tn-seq of Dickeya dadantii genes required for survival in chicory plants. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:287-306. [PMID: 30267562 PMCID: PMC6637903 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the virulence factors of plant-pathogenic bacteria has relied on the testing of individual mutants on plants, a time-consuming process. Transposon sequencing (Tn-seq) is a very powerful method for the identification of the genes required for bacterial growth in their host. We used this method in a soft-rot pathogenic bacterium to identify the genes required for the multiplication of Dickeya dadantii in chicory. About 100 genes were identified showing decreased or increased fitness in the plant. Most had no previously attributed role in plant-bacterium interactions. Following our screening, in planta competition assays confirmed that the uridine monophosphate biosynthesis pathway and the purine biosynthesis pathway were essential to the survival of D. dadantii in the plant, as the mutants ∆carA, ∆purF, ∆purL, ∆guaB and ∆pyrE were unable to survive in the plant in contrast with the wild-type (WT) bacterium. This study also demonstrated that the biosynthetic pathways of leucine, cysteine and lysine were essential for bacterial survival in the plant and that RsmC and GcpA were important in the regulation of the infection process, as the mutants ∆rsmC and ∆gcpA were hypervirulent. Finally, our study showed that D. dadantii flagellin was glycosylated and that this modification conferred fitness to the bacterium during plant infection. Assay by this method of the large collections of environmental pathogenic strains now available will allow an easy and rapid identification of new virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Royet
- University of LyonUniversité Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5240 Microbiologie Adaptation et PathogénieF‐69622VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Nicolas Parisot
- University of LyonINSA‐Lyon, INRA, BF2I, UMR0203F‐69621VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Agnès Rodrigue
- University of LyonUniversité Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5240 Microbiologie Adaptation et PathogénieF‐69622VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Erwan Gueguen
- University of LyonUniversité Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5240 Microbiologie Adaptation et PathogénieF‐69622VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Guy Condemine
- University of LyonUniversité Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5240 Microbiologie Adaptation et PathogénieF‐69622VilleurbanneFrance
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7
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Structural insights into inhibitor binding to a fungal ortholog of aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2848-2854. [PMID: 30107909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aspartate pathway, uniquely found in plants and microorganisms, offers novel potential targets for the development of new antimicrobial drugs. Aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) catalyzes production of a key intermediate at the first branch point in this pathway. Several fungal ASADH structures have been determined, but the prior crystallization conditions had precluded complex formation with enzyme inhibitors. The first inhibitor-bound and cofactor-bound structures of ASADH from the pathogenic fungi Blastomyces dermatitidis have now been determined, along with a structural and functional comparison to other ASADH family members. The structure of this new ASADH is similar to the other fungal orthologs, but with some critical differences in the orientation of some active site functional groups and in the subunit interface region. The presence of this bound inhibitor reveals the first details about inhibitor binding interactions, and the flexible orientation of its aromatic ring provides helpful insights into the design of potentially more potent and selective antifungal compounds.
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8
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Dahal GP, Viola RE. A Fragment Library Screening Approach to Identify Selective Inhibitors against an Essential Fungal Enzyme. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 23:520-531. [PMID: 29608391 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218767844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi represent a growing threat to human health, with an increase in the frequency of drug-resistant fungal infections. Identifying targets from among the selected metabolic pathways that are unique to microbial species presents an opportunity to develop new antifungal agents against new and untested targets to combat this growth threat. Aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) catalyzes a key step in a uniquely microbial amino acid biosynthetic pathway and is essential for microbial viability. This enzyme, purified from four pathogenic fungal organisms ( Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Blastomyces dermatitidis), has been screened against fragment libraries to identify initial enzyme inhibitors. The binding of structural analogs of the most promising lead compounds was measured against these fungal ASADHs to establish important structure-activity relationships among these different inhibitor classes. The most potent of these inhibitors have been docked into structures of this fungal enzyme target to identify important structural elements that serve as critical binding determinants. Several inhibitors with low micromolar inhibition constants have been identified that showed selectivity against these related enzymes from different fungal species. Subsequent screening against a library of drugs and drug candidates identified some additional inhibitors containing a consistent set of functional groups required for fungal ASADH inhibition. Additional elaboration of these core structures will likely lead to more potent and selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal P Dahal
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ronald E Viola
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, OH, USA
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9
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Meanwell NA. Fluorine and Fluorinated Motifs in the Design and Application of Bioisosteres for Drug Design. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5822-5880. [PMID: 29400967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1358] [Impact Index Per Article: 226.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties and relatively small size of fluorine endow it with considerable versatility as a bioisostere and it has found application as a substitute for lone pairs of electrons, the hydrogen atom, and the methyl group while also acting as a functional mimetic of the carbonyl, carbinol, and nitrile moieties. In this context, fluorine substitution can influence the potency, conformation, metabolism, membrane permeability, and P-gp recognition of a molecule and temper inhibition of the hERG channel by basic amines. However, as a consequence of the unique properties of fluorine, it features prominently in the design of higher order structural metaphors that are more esoteric in their conception and which reflect a more sophisticated molecular construction that broadens biological mimesis. In this Perspective, applications of fluorine in the construction of bioisosteric elements designed to enhance the in vitro and in vivo properties of a molecule are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development P.O. Box 4000, Princeton , New Jersey 08543-4000 , United States
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10
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Design and optimization of aspartate N -acetyltransferase inhibitors for the potential treatment of Canavan disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:870-885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Dahal GP, Viola RE. Structure of a fungal form of aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Aspergillus fumigatus. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:36-44. [PMID: 28045392 PMCID: PMC5287368 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x16020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) functions at a critical junction in the aspartate biosynthetic pathway and represents a validated target for antimicrobial drug design. This enzyme catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reductive dephosphorylation of β-aspartyl phosphate to produce the key intermediate aspartate semialdehyde. The absence of this entire pathway in humans and other mammals will allow the selective targeting of pathogenic microorganisms for antimicrobial development. Here, the X-ray structure of a new form of ASADH from the pathogenic fungal species Aspergillus fumigatus has been determined. The overall structure of this enzyme is similar to those of its bacterial orthologs, but there are some critical differences both in biological assembly and in secondary-structural features that can potentially be exploited for the development of species-selective drugs with selective toxicity against infectious fungal organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal P. Dahal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Ronald E. Viola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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12
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Wang Y, Wach JY, Sheehan P, Zhong C, Zhan C, Harris R, Almo SC, Bishop J, Haggarty SJ, Ramek A, Berry KN, O’Herin C, Koehler AN, Hung AW, Young DW. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis as a Strategy for Fragment Evolution against GSK3β. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:852-6. [PMID: 27660690 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) relies heavily on structural analysis of the hits bound to their targets. Herein, we present a complementary approach based on diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS). A DOS-based fragment collection was able to produce initial hit compounds against the target GSK3β, allow the systematic synthesis of related fragment analogues to explore fragment-level structure-activity relationship, and finally lead to the synthesis of a more potent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Wang
- Chemical
Biology Program, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415
Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jean-Yves Wach
- Chemical
Biology Program, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415
Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Patrick Sheehan
- Chemical
Biology Program, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415
Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Chemical
Biology Program, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415
Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Chenyang Zhan
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris
Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Richard Harris
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris
Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Steven C. Almo
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris
Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Joshua Bishop
- Chemical
Biology Program, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415
Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department of Neurology & Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Chemical
Biology Program, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415
Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department of Neurology & Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Alexander Ramek
- Chemical
Biology Program, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415
Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kayla N. Berry
- Chemical
Biology Program, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415
Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Conor O’Herin
- Chemical
Biology Program, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415
Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Angela N. Koehler
- Chemical
Biology Program, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415
Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Alvin W. Hung
- Chemical
Biology Program, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415
Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Damian W. Young
- Chemical
Biology Program, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415
Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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