1
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Dhara D, Dhara A, Murphy PV, Mulard LA. Protecting group principles suited to late stage functionalization and global deprotection in oligosaccharide synthesis. Carbohydr Res 2022; 521:108644. [PMID: 36030632 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chemical synthesis is a powerful tool to access homogeneous complex glycans, which relies on protecting group (PG) chemistry. However, the overall efficiency of chemical glycan assembly is still low when compared to oligonucleotide or oligopeptide synthesis. There have been many contributions giving rise to collective improvement in carbohydrate synthesis that includes PG manipulation and stereoselective glycoside formation and some of this chemistry has been transferred to the solid phase or adapted for programmable one pot synthesis approaches. However, after all glycoside bond formation reactions are completed, the global deprotection (GD) required to give the desired target OS can be challenging. Difficulties observed in the removal of permanent PGs to release the desired glycans can be due to the number and diversity of PGs present in the protected OSs, nature and structural complexity of glycans, etc. Here, we have reviewed the difficulties associated with the removal of PGs from densely protected OSs to obtain their free glycans. In particularly, this review focuses on the challenges associated with hydrogenolysis of benzyl groups, saponification of esters and functional group interconversion such as oxidation/reduction that are commonly performed in GD stage. More generally, problems observed in the removal of permanent PGs is reviewed herein, including benzyl, acyl (levulinoyl, acetyl), N-trichloroacetyl, N-2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, N-phthaloyl etc. from a number of fully protected OSs to release the free sugar, that have been previously reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Dhara
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3523, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.
| | - Ashis Dhara
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland; SSPC - The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Laurence A Mulard
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3523, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
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2
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Zhang H, Wang X, Meng Y, Yang X, Zhao Q, Gao J. Total Synthesis of the Tetrasaccharide Haptens of Vibrio vulnificus MO6-24 and BO62316 and Immunological Evaluation of Their Protein Conjugates. JACS AU 2022; 2:97-108. [PMID: 35098226 PMCID: PMC8790746 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a human pathogen that can cause fatal septicemia and necrotizing infections with a high lethal rate exceeding 50%. V. vulnificus MO6-24 and BO62316 are two predominant virulent strains associated with approximately one-third of the clinical infections. The capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of V. vulnificus consist of several structurally unique sugars and are excellent targets for developing effective glycoconjugate vaccines. This article describes the first total synthesis of the challenging tetrasaccharide repeating units of V. vulnificus MO6-24 and BO62316 CPSs. A key feature of this synthesis was the assembly of the tetrasaccharide skeleton using a 3,4-branched trisaccharide as the glycosyl donor. A modified TEMPO/BAIB oxidation protocol was developed to directly convert α-d-GalN into α-d-GalAN in not only disaccharides but also tri- and tetrasaccharides. The synthetic haptens were covalently coupled with CRM197 carrier protein via a bifunctional linker. Preliminary immunological studies of the resultant glycoconjugates in mice revealed their high efficacy to induce robust T-cell-dependent immune responses, and the IgG antibodies elicited by each glycoconjugate showed weak cross-reactivity with the other synthetic tetrasaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- National Glycoengineering
Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation
of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Shandong
University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- National Glycoengineering
Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation
of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Shandong
University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Youhui Meng
- National Glycoengineering
Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation
of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Shandong
University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- National Glycoengineering
Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation
of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Shandong
University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Qingpeng Zhao
- National Glycoengineering
Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation
of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Shandong
University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jian Gao
- National Glycoengineering
Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation
of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Shandong
University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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3
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Andreeva OV, Garifullin BF, Sharipova RR, Strobykina IY, Sapunova AS, Voloshina AD, Belenok MG, Dobrynin AB, Khabibulina LR, Kataev VE. Glycosides and Glycoconjugates of the Diterpenoid Isosteviol with a 1,2,3-Triazolyl Moiety: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2367-2380. [PMID: 32786882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several glycoconjugates of the diterpenoid isosteviol (16-oxo-ent-beyeran-19-oic acid) with a 1,2,3-triazolyl moiety were synthesized, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated against some human cancer and normal cell lines. Most of the synthesized compounds demonstrated weak inhibitory activities against the M-HeLa and MCF-7 human cancer cell lines. Three lead compounds, 54, 56 and 57, exhibited high selective cytotoxic activity against M-HeLa cells (IC50 = 1.7-1.9 μM) that corresponded to the activity of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (IC50 = 3.0 μM). Moreover, the lead compounds were not cytotoxic with respect to a Chang liver human normal cell line (IC50 > 100 μM), whereas doxorubicin was cytotoxic to this cell line (IC50 = 3.0 μM). It was found that cytotoxic activity of the lead compounds is due to induction of apoptosis proceeding along the mitochondrial pathway. The present findings suggest that 1,2,3-triazolyl-ring-containing glycoconjugates of isosteviol are a promising scaffold for the design of novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Andreeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Bulat F Garifullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Radmila R Sharipova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Yu Strobykina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya S Sapunova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra D Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Mayya G Belenok
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey B Dobrynin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Leysan R Khabibulina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir E Kataev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
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4
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Kazakova ED, Yashunsky DV, Krylov VB, Bouchara JP, Cornet M, Valsecchi I, Fontaine T, Latgé JP, Nifantiev NE. Biotinylated Oligo-α-(1 → 4)-d-galactosamines and Their N-Acetylated Derivatives: α-Stereoselective Synthesis and Immunology Application. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1175-1179. [PMID: 31913631 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Using 3-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-di-tert-butylsilylidene-2-azido-2-deoxy-selenogalactoside, biotinylated oligo-α-(1 → 4)-d-galactosamines comprising from two to six GalN units were prepared for the first time together with their N-acetylated derivatives. The combination of blocking groups used herein provided stereocontrol for the α-stereospecific glycosylation, to show also high efficiency of phenyl 2-azido-2-deoxy-selenogalactosides as glycosyl donors. The obtained glycoconjugates are related to fragments of exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan (GG) found in Aspergillus fumigatus, which is the most important airborne human fungal pathogen in industrialized countries. The synthesized glycoconjugates were arrayed on streptavidin-coated plates and used to investigate the GG epitopes recognized by mouse monoclonal antibodies against GG and by human antibodies in the sera of patients with aspergillosis. The obtained data showed that the oligo-α-(1 → 4)-d-galactosamines and their N-acetylated derivatives allowed the first precise analysis of the specificity of the antibody responses to this extremely complex fungal polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina D Kazakova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Yashunsky
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Vadim B Krylov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | | | - Murielle Cornet
- University of Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, 38043 Grenoble , France
| | - Isabel Valsecchi
- Unité des Aspergillus , Institut Pasteur , 75724 Paris , France.,Fungal Biology and Pathogenicity Unit , Institut Pasteur , 75724 Paris , France
| | - Thierry Fontaine
- Unité des Aspergillus , Institut Pasteur , 75724 Paris , France.,Fungal Biology and Pathogenicity Unit , Institut Pasteur , 75724 Paris , France
| | - Jean-Paul Latgé
- Unité des Aspergillus , Institut Pasteur , 75724 Paris , France.,School of Medicine , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
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5
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Selectively Charged and Zwitterionic Analogues of the Smallest Immunogenic Structure of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Type 14. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183414. [PMID: 31546911 PMCID: PMC6767069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPs) have been shown in recent years to display peculiar immunological properties, thus attracting the interest of the carbohydrate research community. To fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying these properties and exploit the potential of this kind of structures, in depth studies are still required. In this context, the preparation of two cationic, an anionic, as well as two zwitterionic tetrasaccharide analogues of the smallest immunogenic structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 14 (SP14) capsular polysaccharide are presented. By exploiting a block strategy, the negative charge has been installed on the non-reducing end of the lactose unit of the tetrasaccharide and the positive charge either on the non-reducing end of the lactosamine moiety or on an external linker. These structures have then been tested by competitive ELISA, showing that the structural variations we made do not modify the affinity of the neutral compound to binding to a specific antibody. However, lower efficacies than the natural SP14 compound were observed. The results obtained, although promising, point to the need to further elongate the polysaccharide structure, which is likely too short to cover the entire epitopes.
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6
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Chng YS, Tristan G, Yip GW, Lam Y. Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of Chondroitin 6-Sulfate Disaccharide and Tetrasaccharide. Org Lett 2019; 21:4559-4562. [PMID: 31179707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin 6-sulfate (CS-C) is an important glycosaminoglycan that regulates many physiological functions including the development, progression, and metastasis of cancer. To understand its mechanism of action at the molecular level, CS-C molecules of defined length are required. A protecting group-free synthesis of CS-C disaccharide and tetrasaccharide from the CS-A polymer that involves only three steps and furnishes CS-O disaccharide and tetrasaccharide as intermediates is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sheng Chng
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117543.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS) , 21 Lower Kent Ridge , Singapore 119077
| | - Geordi Tristan
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117543
| | - George W Yip
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , 4 Medical Drive, Block MD10 , Singapore 117594
| | - Yulin Lam
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117543.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS) , 21 Lower Kent Ridge , Singapore 119077
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7
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Sharipova RR, Garifullin BF, Sapunova AS, Voloshina AD, Kravchenko MA, Kataev VE. Synthesis and Biological Activity of 3,4,-Tri-О-Acetyl-N-Acetylglucosamine and Tetraacetylglucopyranose Conjugated with Alkyl Phosphates. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Colombo C, Pitirollo O, Lay L. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Glycoconjugates for Vaccine Development. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071712. [PMID: 30011851 PMCID: PMC6099631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade there has been a growing interest in glycoimmunology, a relatively new research field dealing with the specific interactions of carbohydrates with the immune system. Pathogens’ cell surfaces are covered by a thick layer of oligo- and polysaccharides that are crucial virulence factors, as they mediate receptors binding on host cells for initial adhesion and organism invasion. Since in most cases these saccharide structures are uniquely exposed on the pathogen surface, they represent attractive targets for vaccine design. Polysaccharides isolated from cell walls of microorganisms and chemically conjugated to immunogenic proteins have been used as antigens for vaccine development for a range of infectious diseases. However, several challenges are associated with carbohydrate antigens purified from natural sources, such as their difficult characterization and heterogeneous composition. Consequently, glycoconjugates with chemically well-defined structures, that are able to confer highly reproducible biological properties and a better safety profile, are at the forefront of vaccine development. Following on from our previous review on the subject, in the present account we specifically focus on the most recent advances in the synthesis and preliminary immunological evaluation of next generation glycoconjugate vaccines designed to target bacterial and fungal infections that have been reported in the literature since 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Olimpia Pitirollo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Luigi Lay
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Zhang GL, Wei MM, Song C, Ma YF, Zheng XJ, Xiong DC, Ye XS. Chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of penta- to octa- saccharide fragments of Vi polysaccharide fromSalmonella typhi. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00471d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The penta- to octa-saccharide fragments of Vi polysaccharide were synthesized efficiently, and the hexasaccharide might be the minimum epitope of Vi antigen based on ELISA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Meng-Man Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Chengcheng Song
- School of Life Sciences
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- China
| | - Yu-Feng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Xiu-Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - De-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
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Zhang GL, Yang L, Zhu J, Wei M, Yan W, Xiong DC, Ye XS. Synthesis and Antigenic Evaluation of Oligosaccharide Mimics of Vi Antigen from Salmonella typhi. Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Mengman Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Wanjun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - De-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
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