1
|
Röder L, Venegas ST, Wurst K, Magauer T. Synthesis of C3- epi-virenose and anomerically activated derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2024; 140:155041. [PMID: 38665383 PMCID: PMC7615872 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
A 9-step synthetic route to a protected form of the C3-epimer of virenose from D-fucose is described. C3-epi-virenose is the carbohydrate unit of the bioactive polyketide elsamicin B and part of the carbohydrate unit of elsamicin A. The developed route enabled preparation of anomerically activated forms of this unique C6-deoxy sugar, including derivatives with 1-acetyl, 1-acetylthio, 1-trichloroacetimidate, 1-bromo, and 1-fluoro substituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liesa Röder
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80–82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sofia Torres Venegas
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80–82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80–82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Halder T, Yadav SK, Yadav S. Synthesis of the trisaccharide repeating unit of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia O6 antigen through step-wise and one-pot approaches. Carbohydr Res 2022; 521:108669. [PMID: 36099720 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic conjugate vaccines are an important area of research for the prevention and occurrence of diseases caused by Gram-negative bacteria. For the development of such vaccines, access to the pure and homogeneous oligosaccharide fragments of the bacterial cell surface polysaccharides are necessary. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a typical opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria that causes severe pulmonary and other infections; often in hospitalized patients. With the emergence of multidrug resistant strains and increased virulence, new therapeutic strategies are needed to combat the threat. Herein, we report the syntheses of the trisaccharide repeating unit of S. maltophilia O6 antigen through stepwise and one-pot assemblies of the trisaccharide. The target trisaccharide was appended with a 2-aminoethyl linker that could provide the opportunity for conjugation to carrier proteins for the synthesis of vaccine candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Halder
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sunil K Yadav
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Somnath Yadav
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dhara D, Dhara A, Murphy PV, Mulard LA. Protecting group principles suited to late stage functionalization and global deprotection in oligosaccharide synthesis. Carbohydr Res 2022; 521:108644. [PMID: 36030632 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chemical synthesis is a powerful tool to access homogeneous complex glycans, which relies on protecting group (PG) chemistry. However, the overall efficiency of chemical glycan assembly is still low when compared to oligonucleotide or oligopeptide synthesis. There have been many contributions giving rise to collective improvement in carbohydrate synthesis that includes PG manipulation and stereoselective glycoside formation and some of this chemistry has been transferred to the solid phase or adapted for programmable one pot synthesis approaches. However, after all glycoside bond formation reactions are completed, the global deprotection (GD) required to give the desired target OS can be challenging. Difficulties observed in the removal of permanent PGs to release the desired glycans can be due to the number and diversity of PGs present in the protected OSs, nature and structural complexity of glycans, etc. Here, we have reviewed the difficulties associated with the removal of PGs from densely protected OSs to obtain their free glycans. In particularly, this review focuses on the challenges associated with hydrogenolysis of benzyl groups, saponification of esters and functional group interconversion such as oxidation/reduction that are commonly performed in GD stage. More generally, problems observed in the removal of permanent PGs is reviewed herein, including benzyl, acyl (levulinoyl, acetyl), N-trichloroacetyl, N-2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, N-phthaloyl etc. from a number of fully protected OSs to release the free sugar, that have been previously reported in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Dhara
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3523, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.
| | - Ashis Dhara
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland; SSPC - The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Laurence A Mulard
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3523, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kondor CA, Gorantla JN, Leonard GD, Fehl C. Synthesis and mammalian cell compatibility of light-released glycan precursors for controlled metabolic engineering. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 70:116918. [PMID: 35810714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sugar additions to biomolecules, or glycans, are some of the most abundant biomolecule modifications in biology because they enable cells to adapt to changing nutrient and stress conditions. An unmet challenge for the field of glycobiology is the study of glycan biosynthetic pathways with chemical control, especially in live cell settings. The objective of this study was to create biocompatible glycan precursors with controlled release properties. Here, we report eleven "caged" sugar probes that release glycan biosynthetic precursor molecules upon light exposure. The specific sugar pathways we target with our probes regulate the addition of the N-acetyl sugars GlcNAc, GalNAc, and sialic acid onto biomolecules in cells, each of which has the potential to alter glycan processes involved in cell morphology, signaling, and behavior. We hypothesized that our glycan precursor probes would remain biologically inert until light-initiated decaging conditions were met, avoiding biological activities including metabolism and cytotoxicity. The photocaged analogs of GlcNAc, GalNAc, and ManNAc (sialic acid precursor) sugars, which we call "photo-sugars," were released within minutes of light exposure at their optimal wavelengths. During the course of the study, we characterized the cell compatibility of these sugars under their respective decaging conditions, and found highly cell compatible GlcNAc, GalNAc, and ManNAc photocaged precursors. Release of GlcNAc-1-phosphate precursors led to altered ATP levels in cells, demonstrating preliminary metabolic engineering. We envision these probes as useful additions to the chemical glycobiology field that will enable spatiotemporal control over glycosylation pathways in living mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Kondor
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Jaggaiah N Gorantla
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Garry D Leonard
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Charlie Fehl
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ubiparip Z, De Doncker M, Beerens K, Franceus J, Desmet T. β-Glucan phosphorylases in carbohydrate synthesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4073-87. [PMID: 33970317 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract β-Glucan phosphorylases are carbohydrate-active enzymes that catalyze the reversible degradation of β-linked glucose polymers, with outstanding potential for the biocatalytic bottom-up synthesis of β-glucans as major bioactive compounds. Their preference for sugar phosphates (rather than nucleotide sugars) as donor substrates further underlines their significance for the carbohydrate industry. Presently, they are classified in the glycoside hydrolase families 94, 149, and 161 (www.cazy.org). Since the discovery of β-1,3-oligoglucan phosphorylase in 1963, several other specificities have been reported that differ in linkage type and/or degree of polymerization. Here, we present an overview of the progress that has been made in our understanding of β-glucan and associated β-glucobiose phosphorylases, with a special focus on their application in the synthesis of carbohydrates and related molecules. Key points • Discovery, characteristics, and applications of β-glucan phosphorylases. • β-Glucan phosphorylases in the production of functional carbohydrates.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao J, Tandrup T, Bissaro B, Barbe S, Poulsen JCN, André I, Dumon C, Lo Leggio L, O'Donohue MJ, Fauré R. Probing the determinants of the transglycosylation/hydrolysis partition in a retaining α-l-arabinofuranosidase. N Biotechnol 2021; 62:68-78. [PMID: 33524585 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of retaining glycoside hydrolases as synthetic tools for glycochemistry is highly topical and the focus of considerable research. However, due to the incomplete identification of the molecular determinants of the transglycosylation/hydrolysis partition (t/h), rational engineering of retaining glycoside hydrolases to create transglycosylases remains challenging. Therefore, to understand better the factors that underpin transglycosylation in a GH51 retaining α-l-arabinofuranosidase from Thermobacillus xylanilyticus, the investigation of this enzyme's active site was pursued. Specifically, the properties of two mutants, F26L and L352M, located in the vicinity of the active site are described, using kinetic and 3D structural analyses and molecular dynamics simulations. The results reveal that the presence of L352M in the context of a triple mutant (also containing R69H and N216W) generates changes both in the donor and acceptor subsites, the latter being the result of a domino-like effect. Overall, the mutant R69H-N216W-L352M displays excellent transglycosylation activity (70 % yield, 78 % transfer rate and reduced secondary hydrolysis of the product). In the course of this study, the central role played by the conserved R69 residue was also reaffirmed. The mutation R69H affects both the catalytic nucleophile and the acid/base, including their flexibility, and has a determinant effect on the t/h partition. Finally, the results reveal that increased loop flexibility in the acceptor subsites creates new interactions with the acceptor, in particular with a hydrophobic binding platform composed of N216W, W248 and W302.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhao
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Tobias Tandrup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bastien Bissaro
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Barbe
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Isabelle André
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Dumon
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Leila Lo Leggio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Régis Fauré
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
The synthesis of a carbohydrate building block usually starts with introduction of a temporary protecting group at the anomeric center and ends with its selective cleavage for further transformation. Thus, the choice of the anomeric temporary protecting group must be carefully considered because it should retain intact during the whole synthetic manipulation, and it should be chemoselectively removable without affecting other functional groups at a late stage in the synthesis. Etherate groups are the most widely used temporary protecting groups at the anomeric center, generally including allyl ethers, MP (p-methoxyphenyl) ethers, benzyl ethers, PMB (p-methoxybenzyl) eithers, and silyl ethers. This chapter provides a comprehensive review on their formation, cleavage, and applications in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ortega-Rodriguez U, Portillo S, Ashmus RA, Duran JA, Schocker NS, Iniguez E, Montoya AL, Zepeda BG, Olivas JJ, Karimi NH, Alonso-Padilla J, Izquierdo L, Pinazo MJ, de Noya BA, Noya O, Maldonado RA, Torrico F, Gascon J, Michael K, Almeida IC. Purification of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Mucins from Trypanosoma cruzi Trypomastigotes and Synthesis of α-Gal-Containing Neoglycoproteins: Application as Biomarkers for Reliable Diagnosis and Early Assessment of Chemotherapeutic Outcomes of Chagas Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1955:287-308. [PMID: 30868536 PMCID: PMC6589430 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9148-8_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease (ChD), caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affects millions of people worldwide. Chemotherapy is restricted to two drugs, which are partially effective and may cause severe side effects, leading to cessation of treatment in a significant number of patients. Currently, there are no biomarkers to assess therapeutic efficacy of these drugs in the chronic stage. Moreover, no preventive or therapeutic vaccines are available. In this chapter, we describe the purification of Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote-derived glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored mucins (tGPI-mucins) for their use as antigens for the reliable primary or confirmatory diagnosis and as prognostic biomarkers for early assessment of cure following ChD chemotherapy. We also describe, as an example, the synthesis of a potential tGPI-mucin-derived α-Gal-terminating glycan and its coupling to a carrier protein for use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in ChD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susana Portillo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Roger A Ashmus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jerry A Duran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Nathaniel S Schocker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Eva Iniguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Alba L Montoya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Brenda G Zepeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Janet J Olivas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Nasim H Karimi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Julio Alonso-Padilla
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Jesús Pinazo
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belkisyolé Alarcón de Noya
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Oscar Noya
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Rosa A Maldonado
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Faustino Torrico
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
- Fundación CEADES, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Joaquim Gascon
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Katja Michael
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Igor C Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Carbohydrates are structurally complex but functionally important biomolecules. Therefore, they have been challenging but attractive synthetic targets. While substantial progress has been made on advancing chemical glycosylation methods, incorporating enzymes into carbohydrate synthetic schemes has become increasingly practical as more carbohydrate biosynthetic and metabolic enzymes as well as their mutants with synthetic application are identified and expressed for preparative and large-scale synthesis. Chemoenzymatic strategies that integrate the flexibility of chemical derivatization with enzyme-catalyzed reactions have been extremely powerful. Briefly summarized here are our experiences on developing one-pot multienzyme (OPME) systems and representative chemoenzymatic strategies from others using glycosyltransferase-catalyzed reactions for synthesizing diverse structures of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates. These strategies allow the synthesis of complex carbohydrates including those containing naturally occurring carbohydrate postglycosylational modifications (PGMs) and non-natural functional groups. By combining these srategies with facile purification schemes, synthetic access to the diverse space of carbohydrate structures can be automated and will not be limited to specialists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - John B McArthur
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The various methods for the de novo asymmetric synthesis of the pyranose sugars are surveyed. The presentation begins with the work of Masamune and Sharpless with the use of the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation for the synthesis of all eight l-hexoses. The development of other asymmetric reactions and their application for the synthesis of specific hexopyranoses are further discussed. The broad application of the Achmatowicz rearrangement with asymmetric catalysis, for the synthesis of various pyranones and imino sugars, is also presented. Finally, the use of a diastereoselective palladium-catalyzed glycosylation with the Achmatowicz approach for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and applications to medicinal chemistry are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alhanouf Z Aljahdali
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|