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Daisylet BS, Raphael SJ, Kumar P, Rajan PP, Dasan A. Exploring the versatility of sulfur-containing heterocyclic metal complexes: Application in medical and prospects of visible-light-driven photocatalysis. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 257:112603. [PMID: 38749081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Numerous heterocyclic moieties serve as the foundational structure for clinically employed drugs, underscoring the significance of heterocycles in the innovation of pharmacologically active compounds. In the present investigation, a heterocyclic skeleton of thiophene-clubbed benzimidazole (tmb) was developed and utilized to synthesize seven novel series of metal (M(II) = Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) complexes to explore diverse applications including pharmacological and photocatalytic performance. A sharp singlet peak appeared at 5.72 ppm (tmb) and 5.94 ppm for the Zn(II)-tmb complex corresponding to -CH2 protons, as evidenced by 1H NMR results, confirming the formation of targeted compounds. Antimicrobial assay and docking studies confirmed that the mixed metal complex; [Cu(tmb)2(1,10-phen)Cl2] possesses the highest activity and displayed significant biofilm inhibition, achieving 86.35 and 89.8% at concentrations of 1 and 0.020 mg/mL, respectively against E. coli. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity was monitored by the degradation of methylene blue dye under direct sunlight and [Cu(tmb)2Cl2] exhibited a maximum degradation efficiency of 96.15% in 45 min. These findings could serve as inspiration for the development of benzimidazole-based metal complexes as effective anti-biofilm and photocatalytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binitha Sreedharan Daisylet
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Mar Ivanios College (Autonomous), Research Centre, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695015, Kerala, India; Department of Chemistry, Christian College, Kattakada, Thiruvananthapuram 695572, Kerala, India
| | - Selwin Joseyphus Raphael
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Mar Ivanios College (Autonomous), Research Centre, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695015, Kerala, India.
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Pooja Parvathy Rajan
- Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Arish Dasan
- FunGlass, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Trenčín 91150, Slovakia
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2
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Yang S, Zhang JR, Li M, Feng YM, Yang LL, Long ZQ, Zhou X, Wu ZB, Liu LW, Yang S. Expanding the Structural Diversity of Tubulin-Targeting Agents: Development of Highly Potent Benzimidazoles for Treating Fungal Diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38959381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Benzimidazoles, the representative pharmacophore of fungicides, have excellent antifungal potency, but their simple structure and single site of action have hindered their wider application in agriculture. In order to extend the structural diversity of tubulin-targeted benzimidazoles, novel benzimidazole derivatives were prepared by introducing the attractive pyrimidine pharmacophore. 2-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)thio)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (A25) exhibited optimal antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. s.), affording an excellent half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 0.158 μg/mL, which was higher than that of the reference agent carbendazim (EC50 = 0.594 μg/mL). Pot experiments revealed that compound A25 (200 μg/mL) had acceptable protective activity (84.7%) and curative activity (78.1%), which were comparable with that of carbendazim (protective activity: 90.8%; curative activity: 69.9%). Molecular docking displayed that multiple hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions could be formed between A25 and β-tubulin, resulting in a stronger bonding effect than carbendazim. Fluorescence imaging revealed that the structure of intracellular microtubules can be changed significantly after A25 treatment. Overall, these remarkable antifungal profiles of constructed novel benzimidazole derivatives could facilitate the application of novel microtubule-targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu-Mei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lin-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhou-Qing Long
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhi-Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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3
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Liu J, Chen H, Lv Y, Wu H, Yang LJ, Zhang J, Huang J, Wang W. Synthesis, Characterization, and Antifungal Activity of Benzimidazole-Grafted Chitosan against Aspergillus flavus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11185-11194. [PMID: 38687832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus contamination in agriculture and food industries poses threats to human health, leading to a requirement of a safe and effective method to control fungal contamination. Chitosan-based nitrogen-containing derivatives have attracted much attention due to their safety and enhanced antimicrobial applications. Herein, a new benzimidazole-grafted chitosan (BAC) was synthesized by linking the chitosan (CS) with a simple benzimidazole compound, 2-benzimidazolepropionic acid (BA). The characterization of BAC was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 13C NMR). Then, the efficiency of BAC against A. flavus ACCC 32656 was investigated in terms of spore germination, mycelial growth, and aflatoxin production. BAC showed a much better antifungal effect than CS and BA. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was 1.25 mg/mL for BAC, while the highest solubility of CS (16.0 mg/mL) or BA (4.0 mg/mL) could not completely inhibit the growth of A. flavus. Furthermore, results showed that BAC inhibited spore germination and elongation by affecting ergosterol biosynthesis and the cell membrane integrity, leading to the permeabilization of the plasma membrane and leakage of intracellular content. The production of aflatoxin was also inhibited when treated with BAC. These findings indicate that benzimidazole-derived natural CS has the potential to be used as an ideal antifungal agent for food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR. China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR. China
| | - Yan Lv
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR. China
| | - Huixiang Wu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR. China
| | - Li-Jun Yang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR. China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Hangzhou Sanyan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR. China
- Xiuzheng Bio-Medicine Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR. China
| | - Jianying Huang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR. China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR. China
- Hangzhou Sanyan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR. China
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4
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Trometer N, Pecourneau J, Feng L, Navarro-Huerta JA, Lazarin-Bidóia D, de Oliveira Silva Lautenschlager S, Maes L, Fortes Francisco A, Kelly JM, Meunier B, Cal M, Mäser P, Kaiser M, Davioud-Charvet E. Synthesis and Anti-Chagas Activity Profile of a Redox-Active Lead 3-Benzylmenadione Revealed by High-Content Imaging. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1808-1838. [PMID: 38606978 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a neglected tropical disease which is a top priority target of the World Health Organization. The disease, endemic mainly in Latin America, is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and has spread around the globe due to human migration. There are multiple transmission routes, including vectorial, congenital, oral, and iatrogenic. Less than 1% of patients have access to treatment, relying on two old redox-active drugs that show poor pharmacokinetics and severe adverse effects. Hence, the priorities for the next steps of R&D include (i) the discovery of novel drugs/chemical classes, (ii) filling the pipeline with drug candidates that have new mechanisms of action, and (iii) the pressing need for more research and access to new chemical entities. In the present work, we first identified a hit (4a) with a potent anti-T. cruzi activity from a library of 3-benzylmenadiones. We then designed a synthetic strategy to build a library of 49 3-(4-monoamino)benzylmenadione derivatives via reductive amination to obtain diazacyclic benz(o)ylmenadiones. Among them, we identified by high content imaging an anti-amastigote "early lead" 11b (henceforth called cruzidione) revealing optimized pharmacokinetic properties and enhanced specificity. Studies in a yeast model revealed that a cruzidione metabolite, the 3-benzoylmenadione (cruzidione oxide), enters redox cycling with the NADH-dehydrogenase, generating reactive oxygen species, as hypothesized for the early hit (4a).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Trometer
- UMR7042 CNRS-Unistra-UHA, Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Bio(in)organic & Medicinal Chemistry Team, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25, rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérémy Pecourneau
- UMR7042 CNRS-Unistra-UHA, Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Bio(in)organic & Medicinal Chemistry Team, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25, rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Liwen Feng
- UMR7042 CNRS-Unistra-UHA, Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Bio(in)organic & Medicinal Chemistry Team, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25, rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - José A Navarro-Huerta
- UMR7042 CNRS-Unistra-UHA, Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Bio(in)organic & Medicinal Chemistry Team, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25, rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Danielle Lazarin-Bidóia
- Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, CEP 87020-900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sueli de Oliveira Silva Lautenschlager
- Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, CEP 87020-900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, CDE-S7.27 Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Amanda Fortes Francisco
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - John M Kelly
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Brigitte Meunier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Monica Cal
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersgraben 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersgraben 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersgraben 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Davioud-Charvet
- UMR7042 CNRS-Unistra-UHA, Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Bio(in)organic & Medicinal Chemistry Team, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25, rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
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5
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Natarajan R, Kumar P, Subramani A, Siraperuman A, Angamuthu P, Bhandare RR, Shaik AB. A Critical Review on Therapeutic Potential of Benzimidazole Derivatives: A Privileged Scaffold. Med Chem 2024; 20:311-351. [PMID: 37946342 DOI: 10.2174/0115734064253813231025093707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazole nucleus is a predominant heterocycle displaying a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. The privileged nature of the benzimidazole scaffold has been revealed by its presence in most small molecule drugs and in its ability to bind multiple receptors with high affinity. A literature review of the scaffold reveals several instances where structural modifications of the benzimidazole core have resulted in high-affinity lead compounds against a variety of biological targets. Hence, this structural moiety offers opportunities to discover novel, better, safe and highly potent biological agents. The goal of the present review is to compile the medicinal properties of benzimidazole derivatives with a focus on SAR (Structure-Activity Relationships).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalakshmi Natarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-600097, Tamil Nadu, lndia
| | - Padma Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-600097, Tamil Nadu, lndia
| | - Arunkumar Subramani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, lndia
| | - Amuthalakshmi Siraperuman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-600097, Tamil Nadu, lndia
| | - Prabakaran Angamuthu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-600097, Tamil Nadu, lndia
| | - Richie R Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, UAE
| | - Afzal B Shaik
- St. Mary's College of Pharmacy, St. Mary's Group of Institutions Guntur, Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Chebrolu, Guntur 522212, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India
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6
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Onoue R, Watanabe H, Ono M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of bi-modal BODIPY-conjugated Hoechst applicable for Auger-electron and photodynamic cancer therapy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 96:129534. [PMID: 37866712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Current therapeutic approaches to cancer are not fully effective, and so development of more effective treatment is needed. Auger-electron therapy and photodynamic therapy have attracted marked attentions as a promising strategy in cancer treatment. In this study, we synthesized [125I]BH-2/BH-2, which comprised Hoechst and 2,6-diiodo-substituted BODIPY, and evaluated its usefulness as a bi-modal agent for Auger-electron/photodynamic therapy by comparison with the previously reported compound [125I]BH/BH. [125I]BH-2 was obtained at a 13% radiochemical yield. [125I]BH-2 showed similar uptake into the nucleus to [125I]BH, suggesting that Hoechst can function as a nuclear localization tag. HeLa cell viabilities were reduced in both cells exposed to [125I]BH-2 and [125I]BH. γ-H2AX foci in HeLa cells exposed to [125I]BH-2 or [125I]BH were increased in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that DNA double-strand breaks may have occurred. No significant difference was observed between [125I]BH-2 and [125I]BH at these investigations. For PDT application, BH-2 showed a higher singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) and caused superior photo-induced cytotoxicity in HeLa cells compared with BH. These results suggest that bi-modal [125I]BH-2/BH-2 can cause anti-tumor effects with Auger-electron and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Onoue
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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7
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Liang L, Zhang W, Hao J, Wang Y, Wei S, Zhang S, Hu Y, Lv Y. Estragole Inhibits Growth and Aflatoxin Biosynthesis of Aspergillus flavus by Affecting Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0134823. [PMID: 37289093 PMCID: PMC10434025 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01348-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of essential oils and edible compounds have been widely recognized for their antifungal activity in recent years. In this study, we explored the antifungal activity of estragole from Pimenta racemosa against Aspergillus flavus and investigated the underlying mechanism of action. The results showed that estragole had significant antifungal activity against A. flavus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.5 μL/mL against spore germination. Additionally, estragole inhibited the biosynthesis of aflatoxin in a dose-dependent manner, and aflatoxin biosynthesis was significantly inhibited at 0.125 μL/mL. Pathogenicity assays showed that estragole had potential antifungal activity against A. flavus in peanut and corn grains by inhibiting conidia and aflatoxin production. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly related to oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and secondary metabolite synthesis following estragole treatment. Importantly, we experimentally verified reactive oxidative species accumulation following downregulation of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase. These results suggest that estragole inhibits the growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis of A. flavus by modulating intracellular redox homeostasis. These findings expand our knowledge on the antifungal activity and molecular mechanisms of estragole, and provide a basis for estragole as a potential agent against A. flavus contamination. IMPORTANCE Aspergillus flavus contaminates crops and produces aflatoxins, carcinogenic secondary metabolites which pose a serious threat to agricultural production and animal and human health. Currently, control of A. flavus growth and mycotoxin contamination mainly relies on antimicrobial chemicals, agents with side effects such as toxic residues and the emergence of resistance. With their safety, environmental friendliness, and high efficiency, essential oils and edible compounds have become promising antifungal agents to control growth and mycotoxin biosynthesis in hazardous filamentous fungi. In this study, we explored the antifungal activity of estragole from Pimenta racemosa against A. flavus and investigated its underlying mechanism. The results demonstrated that estragole inhibits the growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis of A. flavus by modulating intracellular redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuke Liang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Hao
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyu Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shan Wei
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuaibing Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuansen Hu
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangyong Lv
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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8
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Pospelov EV, Sukhorukov AY. Building Up a Piperazine Ring from a Primary Amino Group via Catalytic Reductive Cyclization of Dioximes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11794. [PMID: 37511552 PMCID: PMC10380651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Piperazine is one of the most frequently found scaffolds in small-molecule FDA-approved drugs. In this study, a general approach to the synthesis of piperazines bearing substituents at carbon and nitrogen atoms utilizing primary amines and nitrosoalkenes as synthons was developed. The method relies on sequential double Michael addition of nitrosoalkenes to amines to give bis(oximinoalkyl)amines, followed by stereoselective catalytic reductive cyclization of the oxime groups. The method that we developed allows a straightforward structural modification of bioactive molecules (e.g., α-amino acids) by the conversion of a primary amino group into a piperazine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V Pospelov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu Sukhorukov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
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9
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Thamban Chandrika N, Green KD, Spencer AC, Tsodikov OV, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Discovery and development of novel substituted monohydrazides as potent antifungal agents. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1351-1361. [PMID: 37484566 PMCID: PMC10357949 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel substituted monohydrazides synthesized for this study displayed broad-spectrum activity against various fungal strains, including a panel of clinically relevant Candida auris strains. The activity of these compounds was either comparable or superior to amphotericin B against most of the fungal strains tested. These compounds possessed fungistatic activity in a time-kill assay and exhibited no mammalian cell toxicity. In addition, they prevented the formation of fungal biofilms. Even after repeated exposures, the Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (strain A) fungal strain did not develop resistance to these monohydrazides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street Lexington KY 40536-0596 USA
| | - Keith D Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street Lexington KY 40536-0596 USA
| | - Abbygail C Spencer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street Lexington KY 40536-0596 USA
| | - Oleg V Tsodikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street Lexington KY 40536-0596 USA
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street Lexington KY 40536-0596 USA
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10
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Li J, Wang Z, Zeng G, Zhang Z, Wan J, Fu M, Huang C. Cu(II)-Catalyzed Cascade of N-Phenyl- o-phenylenediamine with Benzaldehyde: One-Step Direct Construction of 2-(1-Phenyl-1 H-benzo[ d]imidazol-2-yl)phenols. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37262308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A practical protocol for the construction of hydroxylated 2-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenols (PBIs) from N-phenyl-o-phenylenediamine with benzaldehydes was developed. The cascade reaction was enabled by heating a mixture of the two substrates in the presence of air as an oxidant and anhydrous Cu(OAc)2 as a catalyst in dimethyl sulfoxide, and a diverse series of PBIs were synthesized in moderate to good yields (69-81%). Furthermore, the synthesis of the PBIs was enabled via a one-pot cascade reaction that proceeded through subsequent dehydration condensation, intramolecular cyclization, and aromatic C-H hydroxylation. This protocol can be used for the synthesis of hydroxylated PBI via a one-pot annulation C-H hydroxylation reaction rather than through a series of multistep reactions, which provides the possibility of further modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpeng Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoyu Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Guiyun Zeng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Meitian Fu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Chao Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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11
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Le HX, Nguyen KD, Phan NTS, Le HV, Nguyen TT. t
‐BuONa‐Mediated Redox Condensation between
o‐
Nitroanilines and Benzyl Alcohols towards 2‐Phenyl Benzimidazoles under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huy X. Le
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Khoa D. Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Nam T. S. Phan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Ha V. Le
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Tung T. Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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12
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Benzimidazole Derivatives Suppress Fusarium Wilt Disease via Interaction with ERG6 of Fusarium equiseti and Activation of the Antioxidant Defense System of Pepper Plants. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020244. [PMID: 36836358 PMCID: PMC9961032 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), also known as bell pepper, is one of the most widely grown vegetable crops worldwide. It is attacked by numerous phytopathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium equiseti, the causal agent of Fusarium wilt disease. In the current study, we proposed two benzimidazole derivatives, including 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-H benzimidazole (HPBI) and its aluminum complex (Al-HPBI complex), as potential control alternatives to F. equiseti. Our findings showed that both compounds demonstrated dose-dependent antifungal activity against F. equiseti in vitro and significantly suppressed disease development in pepper plants under greenhouse conditions. According to in silico analysis, the F. equiseti genome possesses a predicted Sterol 24-C-methyltransferase (FeEGR6) protein that shares a high degree of homology with EGR6 from F. oxysporum (FoEGR6). It is worth mentioning that molecular docking analysis confirmed that both compounds can interact with FeEGR6 from F. equiseti as well as FoEGR6 from F. oxysporum. Moreover, root application of HPBI and its aluminum complex significantly enhanced the enzymatic activities of guaiacol-dependent peroxidases (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and upregulated four antioxidant-related enzymes, including superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (CaSOD-Cu), L-ascorbate peroxidase 1, cytosolic (CaAPX), glutathione reductase, chloroplastic (CaGR), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (CaMDHAR). Additionally, both benzimidazole derivatives induced the accumulation of total soluble phenolics and total soluble flavonoids. Collectively, these findings suggest that the application of HPBI and Al-HPBI complex induce both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense machinery.
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13
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Onoue R, Watanabe H, Ono M. Hoechst-tagged radioiodinated BODIPY derivative for Auger-electron cancer therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:928-931. [PMID: 36597875 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05405a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy using Auger electrons is a promising strategy in cancer treatment. A DNA-binding Hoechst-tagged radioiodinated BODIPY derivative ([125I]BH) has been prepared as an Auger therapeutic agent. [125I]BH showed high accumulation in the nucleus of HeLa cells and cytotoxicity caused by DNA double-strand breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Onoue
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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14
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Belhi Z, Karci H, Dündar M, Gürbüz N, Özdemir İ, Koç A, Cheriti A, Özdemir İ. Novel benzimidazolium salts and their silver(I)- N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: synthesis, characterization and their biological properties. J COORD CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2164191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyneb Belhi
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Tahri Mohamed University, Bechar, Algeria
| | - Hüseyin Karci
- Drug Application and Research and Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Muhammet Dündar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Nevin Gürbüz
- Drug Application and Research and Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - İlknur Özdemir
- Drug Application and Research and Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Koç
- Drug Application and Research and Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
- Medical School, Department of Genetics, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Abdelkrim Cheriti
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Tahri Mohamed University, Bechar, Algeria
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - İsmail Özdemir
- Drug Application and Research and Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
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15
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In-silico investigation and drug likeliness studies of benzimidazole congeners: The new face of innovation. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2023.101213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
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16
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Microfluidics Biocatalysis System Applied for the Synthesis of N-Substituted Benzimidazole Derivatives by Aza-Michael Addition. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazole scaffolds became an attractive subject due to their broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. In this work, a methodology was developed for the synthesis of N-substituted benzimidazole derivatives from benzimidazoles and α, β-unsaturated compounds (acrylonitriles, acrylate esters, phenyl vinyl sulfone) catalyzed by lipase TL IM from Thermomyces lanuginosus in continuous-flow microreactors. Investigations were conducted on reaction parameters such as solvent, substrate ratio, reaction temperature, reactant donor/acceptor structures, and reaction time. The transformation is promoted by inexpensive and readily available lipase in methanol at 45 °C for 35 min. A wide range of β-amino sulfone, β-amino nitrile, and β-amino carbonyl compounds were efficiently and selectively synthesized in high yields (76–97%). All in all, a microfluidic biocatalysis system was applied to the synthesis of N-substituted benzimidazole derivatives, and could serve as a promising fast synthesis strategy for further research to develop novel and highly potent active drugs.
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17
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Rep V, Štulić R, Koštrun S, Kuridža B, Crnolatac I, Radić Stojković M, Paljetak HČ, Perić M, Matijašić M, Raić-Malić S. Novel tetrahydropyrimidinyl-substituted benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles: synthesis, antibacterial activity, DNA interactions and ADME profiling. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1504-1525. [PMID: 36561067 PMCID: PMC9749923 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00143h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of tetrahydropyrimidinyl-substituted benzimidazoles attached to various aliphatic or aromatic residues via phenoxymethylene were synthesised to investigate their antibacterial activities against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The influence of the type of substituent at the C-3 and C-4 positions of the phenoxymethylene linker on the antibacterial activity was observed, showing that the aromatic moiety improved the antibacterial potency. Of all the evaluated compounds, benzoyl-substituted benzimidazole derivative 15a was the most active compound, particularly against the Gram-negative pathogens E. coli (MIC = 1 μg mL-1) and M. catarrhalis (MIC = 2 μg mL-1). Compound 15a also exhibited the most promising antibacterial activity against sensitive and resistant strains of S. pyogenes (MIC = 2 μg mL-1). Significant stabilization effects and positive induced CD bands strongly support the binding of the most biologically active benzimidazoles inside the minor grooves of AT-rich DNA, in line with docking studies. The predicted physico-chemical and ADME properties lie within drug-like space except for low membrane permeability, which needs further optimization. Our findings encourage further development of novel structurally related 5(6)-tetrahydropyrimidinyl substituted benzimidazoles in order to optimize their antibacterial effect against common respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rep
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of ZagrebMarulićev trg 1910000 ZagrebCroatia
| | - Rebeka Štulić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of ZagrebMarulićev trg 1910000 ZagrebCroatia
| | - Sanja Koštrun
- Selvita d.o.oPrilaz baruna Filipovića 2910000 ZagrebCroatia
| | - Bojan Kuridža
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryBijenička cesta 5410000 ZagrebCroatia
| | - Ivo Crnolatac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryBijenička cesta 5410000 ZagrebCroatia
| | - Marijana Radić Stojković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryBijenička cesta 5410000 ZagrebCroatia
| | - Hana Čipčić Paljetak
- Department for Intercellular Communication, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of MedicineŠalata 210000 ZagrebCroatia
| | - Mihaela Perić
- Department for Intercellular Communication, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of MedicineŠalata 210000 ZagrebCroatia
| | - Mario Matijašić
- Department for Intercellular Communication, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of MedicineŠalata 210000 ZagrebCroatia
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of ZagrebMarulićev trg 1910000 ZagrebCroatia
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18
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Mah WL, Jun Tan X, Choo KB, Lee SX, Tan KW, Yeong KY, Lee SM, Cheow YL. Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Bioactive Pyridine‐Functionalized
N
‐Alkyl‐Substituted (Benz)Imidazolium Salts. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wee Li Mah
- School of Science Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Xiu Jun Tan
- School of Science Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Kar Bee Choo
- School of Science Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Shiaw Xian Lee
- Department of Chemistry University Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Kong Wai Tan
- Department of Chemistry University Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Sui Mae Lee
- School of Science Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Yuen Lin Cheow
- School of Science Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
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19
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Rep Kaulić V, Racané L, Leventić M, Šubarić D, Rastija V, Glavaš-Obrovac L, Raić-Malić S. Synthesis, Antiproliferative Evaluation and QSAR Analysis of Novel Halogen- and Amidino-Substituted Benzothiazoles and Benzimidazoles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415843. [PMID: 36555479 PMCID: PMC9785280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntheses of 6-halogen-substituted benzothiazoles were performed by condensation of 4-hydroxybenzaldehydes and 2-aminotiophenoles and subsequent O-alkylation with appropriate halides, whereas 6-amidino-substituted benzothiazoles were synthesized by condensation of 5-amidino-2-aminothiophenoles and corresponding benzaldehydes. While most of the compounds from non-substituted and halogen-substituted benzothiazole series showed marginal antiproliferative activity on tested tumor cell lines, amidino benzazoles exhibited stronger inhibitory activity. Generally, imidazolyl benzothiazoles showed pronounced and nonselective activity, with the exception of 36c which had a strong inhibitory effect on HuT78 cells (IC50 = 1.6 µM) without adverse cytotoxicity on normal BJ cells (IC50 >100 µM). Compared to benzothiazoles, benzimidazole structural analogs 45a−45c and 46c containing the 1,2,3-triazole ring exhibited pronounced and selective antiproliferative activity against HuT78 cells with IC50 < 10 µM. Moreover, compounds 45c and 46c containing the methoxy group at the phenoxy unit were not toxic to normal BJ cells. Of all the tested compounds, benzimidazole 45a with the unsubstituted phenoxy central core showed the most pronounced cell growth inhibition on THP1 cells in the nanomolar range (IC50 = 0.8 µM; SI = 70). QSAR models of antiproliferative activity for benzazoles on T-cell lymphoma (HuT78) and non-tumor MDCK-1 cells elucidated the effects of the substituents at position 6 of benzazoles, demonstrating their dependence on the topological and spatial distribution of atomic mass, polarizability, and van der Waals volumes. A notable cell cycle perturbation with higher accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase, and a significant cell increase in subG0/G1 phase were found in HuT78 cells treated with 36c, 42c, 45a−45c and 46c. Apoptotic morphological changes, an externalization of phosphatidylserine, and changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential of treated cells were observed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rep Kaulić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Livio Racané
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 28, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Leventić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Šubarić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vesna Rastija
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (L.G.-O.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (L.G.-O.); (S.R.-M.)
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20
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Howard KC, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Selective Inhibition of the Periodontal Pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis by Third-Generation Zafirlukast Derivatives. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14938-14956. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlind C. Howard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lee T. Todd, Jr. Building, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lee T. Todd, Jr. Building, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
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21
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Zeyad MT, Tiwari P, Ansari WA, Kumar SC, Kumar M, Chakdar H, Srivastava AK, Singh UB, Saxena AK. Bio-priming with a consortium of Streptomyces araujoniae strains modulates defense response in chickpea against Fusarium wilt. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:998546. [PMID: 36160196 PMCID: PMC9493686 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.998546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (Foc) is one of the major diseases of chickpea affecting the potential yield significantly. Productivity and biotic stress resilience are both improved by the association and interaction of Streptomyces spp. with crop plants. In the present study, we evaluated two Streptomyces araujoniae strains (TN11 and TN19) for controlling the wilt of chickpea individually and as a consortium. The response of Foc challenged chickpea to inoculation with S. araujoniae TN11 and TN19 individually and as a consortium was recorded in terms of changes in physio-biochemical and expression of genes coding superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, and catalase. Priming with a consortium of TN11 and TN19 reduced the disease severity by 50–58% when challenged with Foc. Consortium primed-challenged plants recorded lower shoot dry weight to fresh weight ratio and root dry weight to fresh weight ratio as compared to challenged non-primed plants. The pathogen-challenged consortium primed plants recorded the highest accumulation of proline and electrolyte leakage. Similarly, total chlorophyll and carotenoids were recorded highest in the consortium treatment. Expression of genes coding SOD, peroxidase, and catalase was up-regulated which corroborated with higher activities of SOD, peroxidase, and catalase in consortium primed-challenged plants as compared to the challenged non-primed plants. Ethyl acetate extracts of TN11 and TN19 inhibited the growth of fungal pathogens viz., Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Macrophomina phaseolina, F. udum, and Sclerotinia sclerotiarum by 54–73%. LC–MS analyses of the extracts showed the presence of a variety of antifungal compounds like erucamide and valinomycin in TN11 and valinomycin and dinactin in TN19. These findings suggest that the consortium of two strains of S. araujoniae (TN11 and TN19) can modulate defense response in chickpea against wilt and can be explored as a biocontrol strategy.
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22
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Pattanayak P. SwissADME Predictions of Drug-Likeness of 5-Nitro Imidazole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial and Antifungal Agents. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022050168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Moghimi S, Shafiei M, Foroumadi A. Drug design strategies for the treatment azole-resistant candidiasis. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:879-895. [PMID: 35793245 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2098949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the availability of novel antifungals and therapeutic strategies, the rate of global mortality linked to invasive fungal diseases from fungal infection remains high. Candida albicans account for the most invasive mycosis produced by yeast. Thus, the current arsenal of medicinal chemists is focused on finding new effective agents with lower toxicity and broad-spectrum activity. In this review article, recent efforts to find effective agents against azole-resistant candidiasis, a common fungal infection, are covered. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors outlined all azole-based compounds, dual target, and new scaffolds (non-azole-based compounds) which were effective against azole-resistant candidiasis. In addition, the mechanism of action and SAR studies were also discussed, if the data were available. EXPERT OPINION The current status of fungal infections and the drawbacks of existing drugs have encouraged scientists to find novel scaffolds based on different methods like virtual screening and fragment-based drug discovery. Machine learning and in-silico methods have found their role in this field and experts are hopeful to find novel scaffolds/compounds by using these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Moghimi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shafiei
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Qadir T, Amin A, Sharma PK, Jeelani I, Abe H. A Review on Medicinally Important Heterocyclic Compounds. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18741045-v16-e2202280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds account for the most prominent and diverse class of organic compounds. A significant number of heterocyclic compounds have been synthesized up to this point. Heterocyclic compounds are rapidly increasing in number due to extensive synthetic research and also their synthetic utility. Such compounds have a wide range of uses in the field of medicinal chemistry. Dyestuff, sanitizers, corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, and copolymer synthesis are additional well-known applications. There are always distinguishing characteristics of an efficient approach for producing newly discovered heterocyclic compounds and their moieties. According to prior research, more than 90% of medicines containing heterocyclic compounds have been developed after the obtainment of a thorough scientific grasp of the biological system. It was discovered in the neoteric developments of heterocyclic compounds that these play a vital role in curative chemistry, and exert anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiallergic, antibacterial, anti-HIV, antiviral, anti-convulsant, and other biological activities. The present article provides detailed information regarding such heterocyclic compounds.
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25
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Ahmadi A, Mohammadnejadi E, Karami P, Razzaghi-Asl N. Current Status and Structure Activity Relationship of Privileged Azoles as Antifungal Agents (2016-2020). Int J Antimicrob Agents 2022; 59:106518. [PMID: 35045309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections have major contribution to the infectious related deaths in recent century. The issue has gotten worse with the advent of immunity impairing conditions such as HIV epidemic. Eukaryote nature of fungal pathogens leads to harder eradication than bacterial infections. Given the importance of the problem, considerable efforts have been put on the synthesis and biological assessment of azole-based chemical scaffolds and their bioisosteres. The emergence of validated macromolecular targets within different fungal species inspires structure-based drug design strategies toward diverse azole-based agents. Despite of advantageous features, emergence of drug-resistant fungal species restrict the applicability of current azoles as the first-line antifungal agents. Consequently, it appears advisable to elucidate SARs and chemical biodiversity within antifungal azoles. Current contribution was devoted to a brief look at clinically applied drugs, structure-based classification of azole antifungals and their structure activity relationships (SARs). Reviewed molecules belong to the antifungal structures that were reported throughout 2016-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ahmadi
- Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil
| | - E Mohammadnejadi
- Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil
| | - P Karami
- Biosensor Sciences and Technologies Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - N Razzaghi-Asl
- Biosensor Sciences and Technologies Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Oliveira EAM, Ferreira GF, Lang KL. Drug repositioning of benzimidazole anthelmintics in the treatment of cryptococcosis: a review. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Brishty SR, Hossain MJ, Khandaker MU, Faruque MRI, Osman H, Rahman SMA. A Comprehensive Account on Recent Progress in Pharmacological Activities of Benzimidazole Derivatives. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:762807. [PMID: 34803707 PMCID: PMC8597275 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.762807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, nitrogenous heterocyclic molecules have attracted a great deal of interest among medicinal chemists. Among these potential heterocyclic drugs, benzimidazole scaffolds are considerably prevalent. Due to their isostructural pharmacophore of naturally occurring active biomolecules, benzimidazole derivatives have significant importance as chemotherapeutic agents in diverse clinical conditions. Researchers have synthesized plenty of benzimidazole derivatives in the last decades, amidst a large share of these compounds exerted excellent bioactivity against many ailments with outstanding bioavailability, safety, and stability profiles. In this comprehensive review, we have summarized the bioactivity of the benzimidazole derivatives reported in recent literature (2012-2021) with their available structure-activity relationship. Compounds bearing benzimidazole nucleus possess broad-spectrum pharmacological properties ranging from common antibacterial effects to the world's most virulent diseases. Several promising therapeutic candidates are undergoing human trials, and some of these are going to be approved for clinical use. However, notable challenges, such as drug resistance, costly and tedious synthetic methods, little structural information of receptors, lack of advanced software, and so on, are still viable to be overcome for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shejuti Rahman Brishty
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | | | - Hamid Osman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. M. Abdur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Zermeño-Macías MDLÁ, González-Chávez MM, Méndez F, Richaud A, González-Chávez R, Ojeda-Fuentes LE, Niño-Moreno PDC, Martínez R. Nucleus-Independent Chemical Shift (NICS) as a Criterion for the Design of New Antifungal Benzofuranones. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165078. [PMID: 34443666 PMCID: PMC8401487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The assertion made by Wu et al. that aromaticity may have considerable implications for molecular design motivated us to use nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) as an aromaticity criterion to evaluate the antifungal activity of two series of indol-4-ones. A linear regression analysis of NICS and antifungal activity showed that both tested variables were significantly related (p < 0.05); when aromaticity increased, the antifungal activity decreased for series I and increased for series II. To verify the validity of the obtained equations, a new set of 44 benzofuran-4-ones was designed by replacing the nitrogen atom of the five-membered ring with oxygen in indol-4-ones. The NICS(0) and NICS(1) of benzofuran-4-ones were calculated and used to predict their biological activities using the previous equations. A set of 10 benzofuran-4-ones was synthesized and tested in eight human pathogenic fungi, showing the validity of the equations. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in yeasts was 31.25 µg·mL–1 for Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Candida guilliermondii with compounds 15-32, 15-15 and 15-1. The MIC for filamentous fungi was 1.95 µg·mL–1 for Aspergillus niger for compounds 15-1, 15-33 and 15-34. The results obtained support the use of NICS in the molecular design of compounds with antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de los Ángeles Zermeño-Macías
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 6 Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (M.d.l.Á.Z.-M.); (R.G.-C.); (L.E.O.-F.)
| | - Marco Martín González-Chávez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 6 Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (M.d.l.Á.Z.-M.); (R.G.-C.); (L.E.O.-F.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.G.-C.); (F.M.); Tel.: +2-444-8262300 (ext. 6471) (M.M.G.-C.); +52-555-804-6400 (ext. 3326) (F.M.)
| | - Francisco Méndez
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Biológicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico;
- CEMHTI-CNRS, UPR3079, Site Haute Température, CS 90055, 1D avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orléans, France
- Correspondence: (M.M.G.-C.); (F.M.); Tel.: +2-444-8262300 (ext. 6471) (M.M.G.-C.); +52-555-804-6400 (ext. 3326) (F.M.)
| | - Arlette Richaud
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Biológicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico;
- CEMHTI-CNRS, UPR3079, Site Haute Température, CS 90055, 1D avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Rodolfo González-Chávez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 6 Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (M.d.l.Á.Z.-M.); (R.G.-C.); (L.E.O.-F.)
| | - Luis Enrique Ojeda-Fuentes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 6 Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (M.d.l.Á.Z.-M.); (R.G.-C.); (L.E.O.-F.)
| | - Perla del Carmen Niño-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina (CICSaB), UASLP. Av. Paseo de los Derechos Humanos No. 300, Lomas de San Luis, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Martínez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior de Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
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Discovery of novel nitrogenous heterocyclic-containing quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxides as potent activator of autophagy in M.tb-infected macrophages. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113657. [PMID: 34217060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of our research on antimycobacterial agents, a series of novel quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxides (QdNOs) containing various nitrogenous heterocyclic moieties at the R6 position were designed and synthesized. Antimycobacterial activities, as well as the cytotoxic effects, of the compounds were assayed. Four compounds (6b, 6f, 6n, and 6o), characterized by 2-carboxylate ethyl or benzyl ester, 6-imidazolyl or 1,2,4-triazolyl, and a 7-fluorine group, exhibited the most potent antimycobacterial activity against M.tb strain H37Rv (MIC ≤ 0.25 μg/mL) with low toxicity in VERO cells (SI = 169.3-412.1). Compound 6o also exhibited excellent antimycobacterial activity in an M.tb-infected macrophage model and was selected for further exploration of the mode of antimycobacterial action of QdNOs. The results showed that compound 6o was capable of disrupting membrane integrity and disturbing energy homeostasis in M.tb. Furthermore, compound 6o noticeably increased cellular ROS levels and, subsequently, induced autophagy in M.tb-infected macrophages, possibly indicating the pathways of QdNOs-mediated inhibition of intracellular M.tb replication. The in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles indicated that compounds 6o was acceptably safe and possesses favorable PK properties. Altogether, these findings suggest that compound 6o is a promising antimycobacterial candidate for further research.
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Bisbenzimidazole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Pharmacophore Analysis. Pharm Chem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Law CSW, Yeong KY. Benzimidazoles in Drug Discovery: A Patent Review. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1861-1877. [PMID: 33646618 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic ring system that has been widely studied in the pharmaceutical field. For the past decade, numerous benzimidazole derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their wide range of pharmacological activities, which are beneficial for drug development. This article presents the biological effects of benzimidazole derivatives in each invention from 2015 to 2020. Two patent databases, Google Patents and Lens, were used to locate relevant granted patent applications. Specifically, this review delineates the role of patented benzimidazoles from a disease-centric perspective and examines the mechanisms of action of these compounds in related diseases. Most of the benzimidazoles have shown good activities against various target proteins. Whilst several of them have progressed into clinical trials, most patents presented novel therapeutic approaches for respective target diseases. Hence, their potential in being developed into clinical drugs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine S W Law
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Y Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine and Biology (TMB) multidisciplinary platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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Alzhrani ZMM, Alam MM, Nazreen S. Recent advancements on Benzimidazole: A versatile scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:365-386. [PMID: 33797365 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210331163810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazole is nitrogen containing fused heterocycle which has been extensively explored in medicinal chemistry. Benzimidizole nucleus has been found to possess various biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitubercular and antidiabetic. A number of benzimidazoles such as bendamustine, pantoprazole have been approved for the treatment of various illnesses whereas galeterone and GSK461364 are in clinical trials. The present review article gives an overview about the different biological activities exhibited by the benzimidazole derivatives as well as different methods used for the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives for the past ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Mahboob Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha. Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Nazreen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha. Saudi Arabia
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Mamedov VA, Zhukova NA. Recent Developments Towards Synthesis of (Het)arylbenzimidazoles. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1610767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBenzimidazole is an important heterocycle that is widely researched and utilized by the pharmaceutical industry and is one of the five most commonly used five-membered aromatic heterocyclic compounds approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. In view of their wide-ranging bioactivities, systems containing benzimidazole as one of the moieties occupy a special place among other benzimidazole derivatives. Since 2010, many improved synthetic strategies have been developed for the construction of hetaryl- and arylbenzimidazole molecular scaffolds under environmentally benign conditions. This review emphasizes the recent trends and modifications frequently used in the synthesis of derivatives of benzimidazole such as the Phillips–Ladenburg and Weidenhagen reactions, as well as entirely new methods of synthesis, involving oxidative cyclization, cross-coupling, ring distortion strategy, and rearrangements carried out under environmentally benign conditions.1 Introduction2 From 1,2-Diaminobenzenes with Various One-Carbon Unit Suppliers2.1 Phillips–Ladenburg Reaction2.1.1 With (Het)arenecarboxylic Acids2.2.2 With (Het)arenecarboxylic Acid Derivatives2.2 Weidenhagen Reaction2.2.1 With (Het)arenecarbaldehydes or (Het)aryl Methyl Ketones2.2.2 With Primary Alcohols2.2.3 With Primary Alkylamines2.2.4 With 2-Methylazaarenes2.2.5 With Other One-Carbon Fragment Suppliers3 From 2-Haloacetanilides and Amines4 From Amidines5 From Tetrahydroquinazolines6 Mamedov Rearrangement7 Conclusions and Outlook
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Yang W, Zhao Y, Zhou Z, Li L, Cui L, Luo H. Preparation of 1,2-substituted benzimidazoles via a copper-catalyzed three component coupling reaction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8701-8707. [PMID: 35423384 PMCID: PMC8695204 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00650a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
1,2-Substituted benzimidazoles were prepared by simply stirring a mixture of copper catalysts, N-substituted o-phenylenediamines, sulfonyl azides and terminal alkynes. Particularly, the intermediate N-sulfonylketenimine occurred with two nucleophilic addition and the sulfonyl group was eliminated via cyclization. In a way, sulfonyl azides and copper catalysts activated the terminal alkynes to synthesize benzimidazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang 524023 China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang Zhanjiang Guangdong 524023 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang) Zhanjiang Guangdong 524023 China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang 524023 China
| | - Zitong Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang 524023 China
| | - Li Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang 524023 China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang 524023 China
| | - Hui Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang 524023 China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang Zhanjiang Guangdong 524023 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang) Zhanjiang Guangdong 524023 China
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35
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Kotan G, Gökce H, Akyıldırım O, Yüksek H, Beytur M, Manap S, Medetalibeyoğlu H. Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Computational Analysis of 2-[(2-Sulfanyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)iminomethyl]phenyl Naphthalene-2-sulfonate. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020110135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Verma S, Ravichandiran V, Ranjan N, Flora SJS. Recent Advances in Therapeutic Applications of Bisbenzimidazoles. Med Chem 2021; 16:454-486. [PMID: 31038072 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190416120801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocycles are one of the most common structural motifs in approximately 80% of the marketed drugs. Of these, benzimidazoles analogues are known to elicit a wide spectrum of pharmaceutical activities such as anticancer, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antiviral, antifungal as well as chemosensor effect. Based on the benzimidazole core fused heterocyclic compounds, crescent-shaped bisbenzimidazoles were developed which provided an early breakthrough in the sequence-specific DNA recognition. Over the years, a number of functional variations in the bisbenzimidazole core have led to the emergence of their unique properties and established them as versatile ligands against several classes of pathogens. The present review provides an overview of diverse pharmacological activities of the bisbenzimidazole analogues in the past decade with a brief account of its development through the years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Verma
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, ITI Compound, Raebareli, 229010, India.,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Vishnuvardh Ravichandiran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, ITI Compound, Raebareli, 229010, India
| | - Swaran J S Flora
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, ITI Compound, Raebareli, 229010, India
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Thamban Chandrika N, Dennis EK, Brubaker KR, Kwiatkowski S, Watt DS, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Agents: Fluorinated Aryl- and Heteroaryl-Substituted Hydrazones. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:124-133. [PMID: 33063957 PMCID: PMC10898509 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated aryl- and heteroaryl-substituted monohydrazones displayed excellent broad-spectrum activity against various fungal strains, including a panel of clinically relevant Candida auris strains relative to a control antifungal agent, voriconazole (VRC). These monohydrazones displayed less hemolysis of murine red blood cells than that of VRC at the same concentrations, possessed fungicidal activity in a time-kill study, and exhibited no mammalian cell cytotoxicity. In addition, these monohydrazones prevented the formation of biofilms that otherwise block antibiotic effectiveness and did not trigger the development of resistance when exposed to C. auris AR Bank # 0390 over 15 passages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Emily K Dennis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Katelyn R Brubaker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Stefan Kwiatkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - David S Watt
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
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Gokanapalli A, Motakatla VKR, Peddiahgari VGR. Benzimidazole bearing Pd–PEPPSI complexes catalyzed direct C2‐arylation/heteroarylation of
N
‐substituted benzimidazoles. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Gokanapalli
- Department of Chemistry Yogi Vemana University Kadapa‐516005 Andhra Pradesh India
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Al-Hakimi AN, Alminderej F, Aroua L, Alhag SK, Alfaifi MY, M SO, Mahyoub JA, Eldin I. Elbehairi S, Alnafisah AS. Design, synthesis, characterization of zirconium (IV), cadmium (II) and iron (III) complexes derived from Schiff base 2-aminomethylbenzimidazole, 2-hydroxynaphtadehyde and evaluation of their biological activity. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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40
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Design, synthesis, antitrypanosomal activity, DNA/RNA binding and in vitro ADME profiling of novel imidazoline-substituted 2-arylbenzimidazoles. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112802. [PMID: 32927230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Novel imidazoline benzimidazole derivatives containing diversely substituted phenoxy moieties were synthesized with the aim of evaluating their antitrypanosomal activity, DNA/RNA binding affinity and in vitro ADME properties. The presence of the diethylaminoethyl subunit in 18a-18c led to enhanced antitrypanosomal potency, particularly for 18a and 18c, which contain unsubstituted and methoxy-substituted phenoxy moieties. They were found to be > 2-fold more potent against African trypanosomes than nifurtimox. Fluorescence and CD spectroscopy, thermal denaturation assays and computational analysis indicated a preference of 18a-18c toward AT-rich DNA and their minor groove binding mode. Replacement of the amidine group with less basic and ionisable nitrogen-containing moieties failed to improve membrane permeability of the investigated compounds. Due to structural diversification, the compounds displayed a range of physico-chemical features resulting in variable in vitro ADME properties, leaving space for further optimization of the biological profiles.
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Caymaz B, Yıldız U, Akkoç S, Gerçek Z, Şengül A, Coban B. Synthesis, Characterization, and Antiproliferative Activity Studies of Novel Benzimidazole‐Imidazopyridine Hybrids as DNA Groove Binders. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Caymaz
- Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit UniversityFaculty of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Chemistry 67100 Zonguldak Turkey
| | - Ufuk Yıldız
- Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit UniversityFaculty of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Chemistry 67100 Zonguldak Turkey
| | - Senem Akkoç
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of PharmacySüleyman Demirel University Isparta 32260 Turkey
| | - Zuhal Gerçek
- Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit UniversityFaculty of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Chemistry 67100 Zonguldak Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Şengül
- Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit UniversityFaculty of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Chemistry 67100 Zonguldak Turkey
| | - Burak Coban
- Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit UniversityFaculty of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Chemistry 67100 Zonguldak Turkey
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Putta RR, Chun S, Lee SB, Oh DC, Hong S. Iron-Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling of Alcohols With Aromatic Diamines: Selective Synthesis of 1,2-Disubstituted Benzimidazoles. Front Chem 2020; 8:429. [PMID: 32637390 PMCID: PMC7317090 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazoles are important N-heteroaromatic compounds with various biological activities and pharmacological applications. Herein, we present the first iron-catalyzed selective synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles via acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of primary alcohols with aromatic diamines. The tricarbonyl (η4-cyclopentadienone) iron complex catalyzed dehydrogenative cyclization, releasing water and hydrogen gas as by-products. The earth abundance and low toxicity of iron metal enable the provision of an eco-friendly and efficient catalytic method for the synthesis of benzimidazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simin Chun
- BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Beom Lee
- BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suckchang Hong
- BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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An Y, Dong Y, Min L, Zhao L, Zhao D, Han J, Sun B. Construction and Evaluation of Molecular Models: Guide and Design of Novel SE Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1152-1159. [PMID: 32550995 PMCID: PMC7294727 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Squalene epoxidase (SE) was considered an important antifungal target to block ergosterol synthesis. In this study, molecular models of CASE including the homology model and the SBP were constructed, respectively. Three representative SE inhibitors were selected and docked into the active site of CASE. Subsequently, the novel SE inhibitors were designed based on the analysis of the inhibitor binding mode and the distribution of pharmacophore features. These compounds were further synthesized and tested in vitro. They exhibited a certain degree of antifungal activity, especially compound 7a-2, which also has a significant inhibitory effect on resistant fungi. Further analysis found that compound 7a-2 could inhibit SE, which is similar to naftifine. The study proved the rationality of the molecular models; they can help us design and discover more potent antifungal SE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei An
- Institute
of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng
University, No. 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng City, 252059 Shandong Province, China
| | - Yue Dong
- Institute
of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng
University, No. 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng City, 252059 Shandong Province, China
| | - Liu Min
- Institute
of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng
University, No. 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng City, 252059 Shandong Province, China
| | - Liyu Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry
of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016 Liaoning, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry
of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016 Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Han
- Institute
of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng
University, No. 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng City, 252059 Shandong Province, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Institute
of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng
University, No. 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng City, 252059 Shandong Province, China
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44
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Potent arylamide derivatives as dual-target antifungal agents: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103749. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Hue BTB, Nguyen PH, De TQ, Van Hieu M, Jo E, Van Tuan N, Thoa TT, Anh LD, Son NH, La Duc Thanh D, Dupont‐Rouzeyrol M, Grailhe R, Windisch MP. Benzimidazole Derivatives as Novel Zika Virus Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1453-1463. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bui Thi Buu Hue
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Natural SciencesCan Tho University Campus II, 3/2 street Ninh Kieu District Can Tho City Vietnam
| | - Phuong Hong Nguyen
- Discovery Biology DivisionApplied Molecular Virology LaboratoryInstitut Pasteur Korea 696 Seongnam 13488 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Quang De
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Natural SciencesCan Tho University Campus II, 3/2 street Ninh Kieu District Can Tho City Vietnam
| | - Mai Van Hieu
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Natural SciencesCan Tho University Campus II, 3/2 street Ninh Kieu District Can Tho City Vietnam
| | - Eunji Jo
- Discovery Biology DivisionApplied Molecular Virology LaboratoryInstitut Pasteur Korea 696 Seongnam 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Van Tuan
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Natural SciencesCan Tho University Campus II, 3/2 street Ninh Kieu District Can Tho City Vietnam
| | - Than Thi Thoa
- Discovery Biology DivisionApplied Molecular Virology LaboratoryInstitut Pasteur Korea 696 Seongnam 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Le Duc Anh
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Natural SciencesCan Tho University Campus II, 3/2 street Ninh Kieu District Can Tho City Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hoang Son
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Natural SciencesCan Tho University Campus II, 3/2 street Ninh Kieu District Can Tho City Vietnam
| | - Danh La Duc Thanh
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Natural SciencesCan Tho University Campus II, 3/2 street Ninh Kieu District Can Tho City Vietnam
| | | | - Regis Grailhe
- Technology Development PlatformInstitut Pasteur Korea 696 Seongnam 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Marc P. Windisch
- Discovery Biology DivisionApplied Molecular Virology LaboratoryInstitut Pasteur Korea 696 Seongnam 13488 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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46
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Howard KC, Dennis EK, Watt DS, Garneau-Tsodikova S. A comprehensive overview of the medicinal chemistry of antifungal drugs: perspectives and promise. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2426-2480. [PMID: 32140691 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00556k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of new fungal pathogens makes the development of new antifungal drugs a medical imperative that in recent years motivates the talents of numerous investigators across the world. Understanding not only the structural families of these drugs but also their biological targets provides a rational means for evaluating the merits and selectivity of new agents for fungal pathogens and normal cells. An equally important aspect of modern antifungal drug development takes a balanced look at the problems of drug potency and drug resistance. The future development of new antifungal agents will rest with those who employ synthetic and semisynthetic methodology as well as natural product isolation to tackle these problems and with those who possess a clear understanding of fungal cell architecture and drug resistance mechanisms. This review endeavors to provide an introduction to a growing and increasingly important literature, including coverage of the new developments in medicinal chemistry since 2015, and also endeavors to spark the curiosity of investigators who might enter this fascinatingly complex fungal landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlind C Howard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
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47
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An efficient route for the synthesis of N-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzamide derivatives promoted by CBr4 in one pot. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.130977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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48
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Dennis EK, Kim JH, Parkin S, Awuah SG, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Distorted Gold(I)–Phosphine Complexes as Antifungal Agents. J Med Chem 2019; 63:2455-2469. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Dennis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Samuel G. Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
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49
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50
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Dhanamjayulu P, Boga RB, Mehta A. Inhibition of aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis and down regulation of aflR and aflB genes in presence of benzimidazole derivatives without impairing the growth of Aspergillus flavus. Toxicon 2019; 170:60-67. [PMID: 31541640 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are mutagenic secondary metabolites produced by certain ubiquitous saprophytic fungi. These contaminate agricultural crops and pose a serious health threat to humans and livestock all over the world. Benzimidazole and its derivatives are biologically active heterocyclic compounds known for their fungicidal activity. In the present study, second and sixth position substituted benzimidazole derivatives are tested for their antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic activity. Aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus cultured in Yeast extract sucrose (YES) medium as well as in rice in the presence and absence of test compounds. 2-(2-Furyl) benzimidazole (FBD) showed complete inhibition of fungal growth at 50 μg/mL. However, the polar derivatives of FBD viz. 6-NFBD, 6-AFBD, 6-CAFBD, and 6-CFBD did not impair the fungal growth but effectively inhibited aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis. Significant down-regulation of aflR gene involved in regulation and aflB structural gene for aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis was observed in presence of 6-NFBD. These benzimidazole derivatives also showed good anti-aflatoxigenic activity in rice, though the IC50 concentrations in rice were comparatively higher than those in YES medium. This study summarizes the most notable structure-activity relationship (SAR) of 2-(2-Furyl) benzimidazoles for anti-aflatoxigenic and anti-fungal activities. These molecules can be further studied for their applications in industrial fermentation processes vulnerable to mold growth and subsequent aflatoxin B1 synthesis like koji fermentation, cheese production, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dhanamjayulu
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Alka Mehta
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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