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Takashima K, Nakamura S, Nagayama M, Marumoto S, Ishikawa F, Xie W, Nakanishi I, Muraoka O, Morikawa T, Tanabe G. Role of the thiosugar ring in the inhibitory activity of salacinol, a potent natural α-glucosidase inhibitor. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4471-4481. [PMID: 38312722 PMCID: PMC10835759 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08485j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, ring-cleaved (24) and truncated (25) analogues of an azasugar, 1-deoxynojirimycin (23), exhibited inhibitory activity (Ki = 4-10 μM) equal to that of the parent compound (1, Ki = 14 μM). Based on this structure-activity relationship (SAR), four ring-cleaved (26a-26c and 27c) and three truncated (28a-28c) analogues of salacinol (1), a potent thiosugar-ring-containing α-glucosidase inhibitor, were synthesised. Bioassay results revealed that all the synthetics were inactive, indicating that the 5-membered thiosugar ring of 1 played an essential role in the potent activities of sulfonium-type inhibitors. The present findings are interesting and important in understanding the function of salacinol, considering that the observed inhibitory activity trend was contrary to the SAR observed in aza-compounds (23, 24, and 25) in a previous study, which suggested that the cyclic structure did not contribute to their strong inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuki Takashima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Shinya Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Maiko Nagayama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Marumoto
- Joint Research Centre, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Fumihiro Ishikawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Weijia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 2100009 P. R. China
| | - Isao Nakanishi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Genzoh Tanabe
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
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Morikawa T. Pharmaceutical Food Science: Search for Bio-Functional Molecules Obtained from Natural Resources to Prevent and Ameliorate Lifestyle Diseases. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2023; 71:756-765. [PMID: 37779077 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In this review, our resent pharmaceutical food science research for bio-functional molecules obtained from natural resources that contribute to i) suppression of postprandial blood glucose elevation and/or improvement of glucose tolerance and ii) reduction of visceral fat accumulation and improvement of lipid metabolism were summarized. Based on studies using MONOTORI science, salacinol (1), neokotalanol (4), and trans-tiliroside (20) have been approved or notified by the Consumer Affairs Agency in Japan as functional substances in food with health claims, Food for Specified Health Use and Food with Functional Claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University
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3
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Sahu R, Gupta PK, Mishra A, Kumar A. Ayurveda and in silico Approach: A Challenging Proficient Confluence for Better Development of Effective Traditional Medicine Spotlighting Network Pharmacology. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 29:470-480. [PMID: 36094769 PMCID: PMC9465656 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Coalescence of traditional medicine Ayurveda and in silico technology is a rigor for supplementary development of future-ready effective traditional medicine. Ayurveda is a popular traditional medicine in South Asia, emanating worldwide for the treatment of metabolic disorders and chronic illness. Techniques of in silico biology are not much explored for the investigation of a variety of bioactive phytochemicals of Ayurvedic herbs. Drug repurposing, reverse pharmacology, and polypharmacology in Ayurveda are areas in silico explorations that are needed to understand the rich repertoire of herbs, minerals, herbo-minerals, and assorted Ayurvedic formulations. This review emphasizes exploring the concept of Ayurveda with in silico approaches and the need for Ayurinformatics studies. It also provides an overview of in silico studies done on phytoconstituents of some important Ayurvedic plants, the utility of in silico studies in Ayurvedic phytoconstituents/formulations, limitations/challenges, and prospects of in silico studies in Ayurveda. This article discusses the convergence of in silico work, especially in the least explored field of Ayurveda. The focused coalesce of these two domains could present a predictive combinatorial platform to enhance translational research magnitude. In nutshell, it could provide new insight into an Ayurvedic drug discovery involving an in silico approach that could not only alleviate the process of traditional medicine research but also enhance its effectiveness in addressing health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sahu
- Department of Balroga, Shri NPA Govt. Ayurveda College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Gupta
- Department of Balroga, Shri NPA Govt. Ayurveda College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India.,Ayurinformatics Lab, Department of Kaumarabhritya, All India Institute of Ayurveda, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, 110076, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India.
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Kreitman A, Schneider SH, Hao L, Schlussel Y, Bello NT, Shapses SA. Reduced postprandial bone resorption and greater rise in GLP-1 in overweight and obese individuals after an α-glucosidase inhibitor: a double-blinded randomized crossover trial. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1379-1386. [PMID: 33432459 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED When taken with a meal, α-glucosidase inhibitors (α-GI) reduce the rise in postprandial glucose and increase glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and this may lower bone turnover. In this study, a salacinol-type α-GI increased GLP-1 and markedly reduced postprandial bone resorption compared to placebo, suggesting it could have implications for bone health. INTRODUCTION Animal and clinical trials indicate that α-glucosidase inhibitors attenuate postprandial glycemic indices and increase secretion of GLP-1. In addition, GLP-1 acts on bone by inhibiting resorption. The goal in this study was to determine if a salacinol α-GI alters postprandial bone turnover and can be explained by changes in serum GLP-1. METHODS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, healthy overweight/obese adults (body mass index 29.0 ± 3.8 kg/m2; 21-59 years; n = 21) received a fixed breakfast and, in random order, were administered Salacia chinensis (SC; 500 mg) or placebo. A fasting blood sample was taken before and at regular intervals for 3 h after the meal. Serum was measured for bone turnover markers, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and osteocalcin, and for glycemic indices and gut peptides. RESULTS Compared to placebo, SC attenuated the bone resorption marker, CTX, at 60, 90, and 120 min (p < 0.05) after the meal, and decreased osteocalcin, at 180 min (p < 0.05). As expected, SC attenuated the postprandial rise in glucose compared with placebo, whereas GLP-1 was increased at 60 min (p < 0.05) with SC. Serum GLP-1 explained 41% of the variance for change in postprandial CTX (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study indicates that attenuating postprandial glycemic indices, with an α-GI, markedly decreases postprandial bone resorption and can be explained by the rise in GLP-1. Future studies should determine whether longer term α-GI use benefits bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kreitman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley RD, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - S H Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- NJ-Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - L Hao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley RD, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- NJ-Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Y Schlussel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley RD, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - N T Bello
- NJ-Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - S A Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley RD, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
- NJ-Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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Rodrigues L, Tilve SG, Majik MS. Synthetic access to thiolane-based therapeutics and biological activity studies. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113659. [PMID: 34237621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites isolated from bioactive extracts of natural sources iteratively pioneer the research in drug discovery. Modern medicine is often inspired by bioactive natural products or the bio-functional motifs embedded in them. One of such consequential bio-functional motifs is the thiolane unit. Thiolane-based bioactive organic compounds have manifested a plethora of astonishing biological activities such as anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-platelet, α-glucosidase inhibition, anti-HIV, immunosuppressive and anti-microbial activities which renders them excellent candidates in drug discovery. Hence, to scale up the accessibility of thiolane-based therapeutics its chemical syntheses is essential and in addition; a sneak peek in its biosynthesis would give a perspective for developing biomimetic syntheses. This review highlights the development of important thiolane-based therapeutics such as (i) Nuphar sesquiterpene thioalkaloids (ii) Thiosugar sulphonium salts from Salacia sp. (iii) Albomycins (iv) Thiolane-based therapeutics from Allium sp. (v) 4'-thionucleosides summarizing various synthetic strategies, biosynthesis and biological activity studies, covering literature till 2021. We anticipate that this review will inspire chemists and biochemists to take up the challenges encountered in the synthesis and development of thiolane-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lima Rodrigues
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403 206, India
| | - Santosh G Tilve
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403 206, India
| | - Mahesh S Majik
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Khandola Marcela, Goa, 403 107, India; Directorate of Higher Education, Porvorim, Goa 403 521, India.
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Morikawa T, Ninomiya K, Tanabe G, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M, Muraoka O. A review of antidiabetic active thiosugar sulfoniums, salacinol and neokotalanol, from plants of the genus Salacia. J Nat Med 2021; 75:449-466. [PMID: 33900535 PMCID: PMC8159842 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During our studies characterizing functional substances from food resources for the prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related diseases, we isolated the active constituents, salacinol (1) and neokotalanol (4), and related thiosugar sulfoniums, from the roots and stems of the genus Salacia plants [Celastraceae (Hippocrateaceae)] such as Salacia reticulata Wight, S. oblonga Wall., and S. chinensis L., and observed their antidiabetic effects. These plant materials have been used traditionally in Ayurvedic medicine as a specific remedy at the early stage of diabetes, and have been extensively consumed in Japan, the United States, and other countries as a food supplement for the prevention of obesity and diabetes. Here, we review our studies on the antidiabetic effects of plants from the genus Salacia, from basic chemical and pharmacological research to their application and development as new functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Kiyofumi Ninomiya
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, Okayama, 703-8516, Japan
| | - Genzoh Tanabe
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hisashi Matsuda
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
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7
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Elongation of the side chain by linear alkyl groups increases the potency of salacinol, a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor from the Ayurvedic traditional medicine "Salacia," against human intestinal maltase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 33:127751. [PMID: 33347966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four chain-extended analogs (12a-12d) and two related de-O-sulfonated analogs (13a and 13c) by introducing alkyl groups (a: R = C3H7, b R = C6H13, c: R = C8H17, d: R = C10H21) to the side chains of salacinol (1), a natural α-glucosidase inhibitor from Ayurvedic traditional medicine "Salacia", were synthesized. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of all the synthesized analogs were evaluated in vitro. Against human intestinal maltase, the inhibitory activities of 12a and 13a with seven-carbon side chain were equal to that of 1. In contrast, analogs (12b-12d, and 13c) exhibited higher level of inhibitory activity against the same enzyme than 1 and had equal or higher potency than those of the clinically used anti-diabetics, voglibose, acarbose, and miglitol. Thus, elongation of the side chains of 1 was effective for specifically increasing the inhibitory activity against human intestinal maltase.
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Osella MI, Salazar MO, Gamarra MD, Moreno DM, Lambertucci F, Frances DE, Furlan RLE. Arylsulfonyl histamine derivatives as powerful and selective α-glucosidase inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:518-527. [PMID: 33479653 PMCID: PMC7489258 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00559e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of simple N-arylbenzenesulfonyl histamine derivatives were prepared and screened against α-glucosidase. Inhibition was in the micromolar range for several N α,N τ-di-arylsulfonyl compounds, with N α,N τ-di-4-trifluorobenzenesulfonyl histamine (IId) being the best inhibitor. Compound IId is a reversible and competitive α-glucosidase inhibitor, and presented good selectivity with respect to other target enzymes, including β-glucosidase and α-amylase, and interesting predicted physicochemical properties. Docking studies have been run to postulate ligand-enzyme interactions to account for the experimental results. In vivo, compound IId produced a similar hypoglycemic effect to acarbose with half of its dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Osella
- Farmacognosia , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas , Universidad Nacional de Rosario , Suipacha 531 , Rosario S2002LRK , Argentina .
| | - M O Salazar
- Farmacognosia , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas , Universidad Nacional de Rosario , Suipacha 531 , Rosario S2002LRK , Argentina .
| | - M D Gamarra
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA) , Departamento de Biológica , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Ciudad Universitaria , Intendente Guiraldes 2160 , Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA , Argentina
| | - D M Moreno
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) , Área Química General e Inorgánica , Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas , Universidad Nacional de Rosario , Suipacha 531 , Rosario S2002LRK , Argentina
| | - F Lambertucci
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE, CONICET-UNR) , Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas , Universidad Nacional de Rosario , Suipacha 531 , Rosario S2002LRK , Argentina
| | - D E Frances
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE, CONICET-UNR) , Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas , Universidad Nacional de Rosario , Suipacha 531 , Rosario S2002LRK , Argentina
| | - R L E Furlan
- Farmacognosia , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas , Universidad Nacional de Rosario , Suipacha 531 , Rosario S2002LRK , Argentina .
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Tamburrini A, Colombo C, Bernardi A. Design and synthesis of glycomimetics: Recent advances. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:495-531. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Tamburrini
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversita’ degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Cinzia Colombo
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversita’ degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversita’ degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
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