1
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Fansher D, Besna JN, Fendri A, Pelletier JN. Choose Your Own Adventure: A Comprehensive Database of Reactions Catalyzed by Cytochrome P450 BM3 Variants. ACS Catal 2024; 14:5560-5592. [PMID: 38660610 PMCID: PMC11036407 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 BM3 monooxygenase is the topic of extensive research as many researchers have evolved this enzyme to generate a variety of products. However, the abundance of information on increasingly diversified variants of P450 BM3 that catalyze a broad array of chemistry is not in a format that enables easy extraction and interpretation. We present a database that categorizes variants by their catalyzed reactions and includes details about substrates to provide reaction context. This database of >1500 P450 BM3 variants is downloadable and machine-readable and includes instructions to maximize ease of gathering information. The database allows rapid identification of commonly reported substitutions, aiding researchers who are unfamiliar with the enzyme in identifying starting points for enzyme engineering. For those actively engaged in engineering P450 BM3, the database, along with this review, provides a powerful and user-friendly platform to understand, predict, and identify the attributes of P450 BM3 variants, encouraging the further engineering of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas
J. Fansher
- Chemistry
Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering,
and Applications, 201
Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3Y7
- CGCC,
Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
| | - Jonathan N. Besna
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering,
and Applications, 201
Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3Y7
- CGCC,
Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
| | - Ali Fendri
- Chemistry
Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering,
and Applications, 201
Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3Y7
- CGCC,
Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- Chemistry
Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering,
and Applications, 201
Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3Y7
- CGCC,
Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
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2
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Abstract
The ability to site-selectively modify equivalent functional groups in a molecule has the potential to streamline syntheses and increase product yields by lowering step counts. Enzymes catalyze site-selective transformations throughout primary and secondary metabolism, but leveraging this capability for non-native substrates and reactions requires a detailed understanding of the potential and limitations of enzyme catalysis and how these bounds can be extended by protein engineering. In this review, we discuss representative examples of site-selective enzyme catalysis involving functional group manipulation and C-H bond functionalization. We include illustrative examples of native catalysis, but our focus is on cases involving non-native substrates and reactions often using engineered enzymes. We then discuss the use of these enzymes for chemoenzymatic transformations and target-oriented synthesis and conclude with a survey of tools and techniques that could expand the scope of non-native site-selective enzyme catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Harrison M Snodgrass
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Christian A Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jared C Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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3
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Liu J, Cui M, Wang Y, Wang J. Trends in parthenolide research over the past two decades: A bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17843. [PMID: 37483705 PMCID: PMC10362189 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Parthenolide (PTL) is a new compound extracted from traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, it has been proven to play an undeniable role in tumors, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory diseases. Similarly, an increasing number of experiments have also confirmed the biological mechanism of PTL in these diseases. In order to better understand the development trend and potential hot spots of PTL in cancer and other diseases, we conducted a detailed bibliometric analysis. The purpose of presenting this bibliometric analysis was to highlight and inform researchers of the important research directions, co-occurrence relationships and research status in this field. Publications related to PTL research from 2002 to 2022 were extracted on the web of science core collection (WoSCC) platform. CiteSpace, VOSviewers and R package "bibliometrix" were applied to build relevant network diagrams. The bibliometric analysis was presented in terms of performance analysis (including publication statistics, top publishing countries, top publishing institutions, publishing journals and co-cited journals, authors and co-cited authors, co-cited references statistics, citation bursts statistics, keyword statistics and trend topic statistics) and science mapping (including citations by country, citations by institution, citations by journal, citations by author, co-citation analysis, and keyword co-occurrence). The detailed discussion of the results explained the focus and latest trends from the bibliometric analysis. Finally, the current status and shortcomings of the research field on PTLwere clearly pointed out for reference by scholars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Liu
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110000 Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huludao Central Hospital, 125000 Huludao, Liaoning, China
| | - Meng Cui
- Department of Hospice Care, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004 Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110000 Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiahe Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110000 Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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4
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Castellino NJ, Montgomery AP, Danon JJ, Kassiou M. Late-stage Functionalization for Improving Drug-like Molecular Properties. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37285604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of late-stage functionalization (LSF) methodologies, particularly C-H functionalization, has revolutionized the field of organic synthesis. Over the past decade, medicinal chemists have begun to implement LSF strategies into their drug discovery programs, allowing for the drug discovery process to become more efficient. Most reported applications of late-stage C-H functionalization of drugs and drug-like molecules have been to rapidly diversify screening libraries to explore structure-activity relationships. However, there has been a growing trend toward the use of LSF methodologies as an efficient tool for improving drug-like molecular properties of promising drug candidates. In this review, we have comprehensively reviewed recent progress in this emerging area. Particular emphasis is placed on case studies where multiple LSF techniques were implemented to generate a library of novel analogues with improved drug-like properties. We have critically analyzed the current scope of LSF strategies to improve drug-like properties and commented on how we believe LSF can transform drug discovery in the future. Overall, we aim to provide a comprehensive survey of LSF techniques as tools for efficiently improving drug-like molecular properties, anticipating its continued uptake in drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan J Danon
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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5
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Abstract
The P450 superfamily comprises some of the most powerful and versatile enzymes for the site-selective oxidation of small molecules. One of the main drawbacks for the applications of the P450s in biotechnology is that the majority of these enzymes is multicomponent in nature and requires the presence of suitable redox partners to support their functions. Nevertheless, the discovery of several self-sufficient P450s, namely those from Classes VII and VIII, has served as an inspiration for fusion approaches to generate chimeric P450 systems that are self-sufficient. In this Perspective, we highlight the domain organizations of the Class VII and Class VIII P450 systems, summarize recent case studies in the engineering of catalytically self-sufficient P450s based on these systems, and outline outstanding challenges in the field, along with several emerging technologies as potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005
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6
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LIU X, WANG X. Recent advances on the structural modification of parthenolide and its derivatives as anticancer agents. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:814-829. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Fessner ND, Badenhorst CPS, Bornscheuer UT. Enzyme Kits to Facilitate the Integration of Biocatalysis into Organic Chemistry – First Aid for Synthetic Chemists. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico D. Fessner
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of Biochemistry University of Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Christoffel P. S. Badenhorst
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of Biochemistry University of Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of Biochemistry University of Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
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8
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Ackun-Farmmer MA, Alwaseem H, Counts M, Bortz A, Giovani S, Frisch BJ, Fasan R, Benoit DSW. Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Micheliolide Analogs to Eliminate Leukemic Stem Cells in the Bone Marrow. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022; 5:2100100. [PMID: 35097186 PMCID: PMC8791645 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Micheliolide (MCL) is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone that selectively targets leukemic stem cells (LSCs), which persist after conventional chemotherapy for myeloid leukemias, leading to disease relapse. To overcome modest MCL cytotoxicity, analogs with ≈two-threefold greater cytotoxicity against LSCs are synthesized via late-stage chemoenzymatic C-H functionalization. To enhance bone marrow delivery, MCL analogs are entrapped within bone-targeted polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). Robust drug loading capacities of up to 20% (mg drug mg-1 NP) are obtained, with release dominated by analog hydrophobicity. NPs loaded with a hydrolytically stable analog are tested in a leukemic mouse model. Median survival improved by 13% and bone marrow LSCs are decreased 34-fold following NPMCL treatments versus controls. Additionally, selective leukemic cell and LSC cytotoxicity of the treatment versus normal hematopoietic cells is observed. Overall, these studies demonstrate that MCL-based antileukemic agents combined with bone-targeted NPs offer a promising strategy for eradicating LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian A Ackun-Farmmer
- University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Box 270168, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Hanan Alwaseem
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry, 418 Hutchison Hall, RC Box 270216, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA
| | - Michele Counts
- University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Box 270168, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Andrew Bortz
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry, 418 Hutchison Hall, RC Box 270216, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA
| | - Simone Giovani
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry, 418 Hutchison Hall, RC Box 270216, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA
| | - Benjamin J Frisch
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 704, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Rudi Fasan
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry, 418 Hutchison Hall, RC Box 270216, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- University of Rochester Medical Center. Department of Orthopaedics. 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Box 270168, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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9
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Liu X, Wang C, Li S, Qu L, Yin F, Lu D, Luo H, Chen X, Luo Z, Cui N, Wang X, Kong L. Parthenolide Derivatives as PKM2 Activators Showing Potential in Colorectal Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17304-17325. [PMID: 34847663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As a vital kinase in the glycolysis system, PKM2 is extensively expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) to support the energy and biosynthetic needs. In this study, we designed a series of parthenolide (PTL) derivatives through a stepwise structure optimization, and an excellent derivate 29e showed good activity on PKM2 (AC50 = 86.29 nM) and displayed significant antiproliferative activity against HT29 (IC50 = 0.66 μM) and SW480 (IC50 = 0.22 μM) cells. 29e decreased the expression of total PKM2, prevented nucleus translocation of PKM2 dimer, and inhibited PKM2/STAT3 signaling pathway. 29e remarkably increased OCR and decreased the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). The antiproliferative effect of 29e depended on PKM2, and the Cys424 of PKM2 was the key binding site. Furthermore, 29e significantly suppressed tumor growth in the HT29 xenograft model without obvious toxicity. These outcomes demonstrate that 29e is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lailiang Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Fucheng Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehua Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinye Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwen Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningjie Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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10
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Ren X, Fasan R. Engineered and Artificial Metalloenzymes for Selective C-H Functionalization. CURRENT OPINION IN GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY 2021; 31:100494. [PMID: 34395950 PMCID: PMC8357270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2021.100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The direct functionalization of C-H bonds constitutes a powerful strategy to construct and diversify organic molecules. However, controlling the chemo- and site-selectivity of this transformation in particularly complex molecular settings represents a significant challenge. Metalloenzymes are ideal platforms for achieving catalyst-controlled selective C-H bond functionalization as their reactivities can be tuned by protein engineering and/or redesign of their cofactor environment. In this review, we highlight recent progress in the development of engineered and artificial metalloenzymes for C-H functionalization, with a focus on biocatalytic strategies for selective C-H oxyfunctionalization and halogenation as well as C-H amination and C-H carbene insertion via abiological nitrene and carbene transfer chemistries. Engineered heme- and non-heme iron dependent enzymes have emerged as promising scaffolds for executing these transformations with high chemo-, regio- and stereocontrol as well as tunable selectivity. These emerging systems and methodologies have expanded the toolbox of sustainable strategies for organic synthesis and created new opportunities for the generation of chiral building blocks, the late-stage C-H functionalization of complex molecules, and the total synthesis of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkun Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Hutchison Hall, 120 Trustee Rd, Rochester NY 14627, USA
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Hutchison Hall, 120 Trustee Rd, Rochester NY 14627, USA
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11
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Renata H. Synthetic utility of oxygenases in site-selective terpenoid functionalization. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6119916. [PMID: 33928356 PMCID: PMC8180501 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Terpenoids are one of the largest classes of natural products whose members possess a wide variety of biological activities. With several exceptions, scalable production of complex terpenoids with either purely biological or chemical methods still remains a major challenge. However, recent efforts to combine the two approaches in chemoenzymatic synthesis hold tremendous promise to address this challenge. Central to this paradigm is the development of useful biocatalytic methods, such as regioselective C–H oxidation, for terpene modifications. This review highlights recent applications of biocatalytic hydroxylation for site-selective modification of terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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12
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Alwaseem H, Giovani S, Crotti M, Welle K, Jordan CT, Ghaemmaghami S, Fasan R. Comprehensive Structure-Activity Profiling of Micheliolide and its Targeted Proteome in Leukemia Cells via Probe-Guided Late-Stage C-H Functionalization. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:841-857. [PMID: 34079900 PMCID: PMC8161485 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The plant-derived sesquiterpene lactone micheliolide was recently found to possess promising antileukemic activity, including the ability to target and kill leukemia stem cells. Efforts toward improving the biological activity of micheliolide and investigating its mechanism of action have been hindered by the paucity of preexisting functional groups amenable for late-stage derivatization of this molecule. Here, we report the implementation of a probe-based P450 fingerprinting strategy to rapidly evolve engineered P450 catalysts useful for the regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation of micheliolide at two previously inaccessible aliphatic positions in this complex natural product. Via P450-mediated chemoenzymatic synthesis, a broad panel of novel micheliolide analogs could thus be obtained to gain structure-activity insights into the effect of C2, C4, and C14 substitutions on the antileukemic activity of micheliolide, ultimately leading to the discovery of "micheliologs" with improved potency against acute myelogenic leukemia cells. These late-stage C-H functionalization routes could be further leveraged to generate a panel of affinity probes for conducting a comprehensive analysis of the protein targeting profile of micheliolide in leukemia cells via chemical proteomics analyses. These studies introduce new micheliolide-based antileukemic agents and shed new light onto the biomolecular targets and mechanism of action of micheliolide in leukemia cells. More broadly, this work showcases the value of the present P450-mediated C-H functionalization strategy for streamlining the late-stage diversification and elucidation of the biomolecular targets of a complex bioactive molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alwaseem
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Simone Giovani
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Michele Crotti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Kevin Welle
- Mass
Spectrometry Resource Laboratory, University
of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Craig T. Jordan
- Department
of Hematology, School of Medicine, University
of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United
States
| | - Sina Ghaemmaghami
- Mass
Spectrometry Resource Laboratory, University
of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department
of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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13
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Nam D, Steck V, Potenzino RJ, Fasan R. A Diverse Library of Chiral Cyclopropane Scaffolds via Chemoenzymatic Assembly and Diversification of Cyclopropyl Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2221-2231. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donggeon Nam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Viktoria Steck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Robert J. Potenzino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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14
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Freund RRA, Gobrecht P, Fischer D, Arndt HD. Advances in chemistry and bioactivity of parthenolide. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:541-565. [DOI: 10.1039/c9np00049f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
(−)-Parthenolide is a germacrane sesquiterpene lactone, available in ample amounts from the traditional medical plant feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R. A. Freund
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Philipp Gobrecht
- Lehrstuhl für Zellphysiologie
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- D-44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Dietmar Fischer
- Lehrstuhl für Zellphysiologie
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- D-44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Arndt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
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15
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Liu Y, You T, Wang HX, Tang Z, Zhou CY, Che CM. Iron- and cobalt-catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions and their application in organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5310-5358. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the developments in iron and cobalt catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions with emphasis on their applications in organic synthesis, i.e. natural products and pharmaceuticals synthesis and/or modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Tingjie You
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Zhou Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
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16
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Ding Y, Li S, Ge W, Liu Z, Zhang X, Wang M, Chen T, Chen Y, Zhang Q. Design and synthesis of parthenolide and 5-fluorouracil conjugates as potential anticancer agents against drug resistant hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Frey M, Klaiber I, Conrad J, Bersch A, Pateraki I, Ro DK, Spring O. Characterization of CYP71AX36 from Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., Asteraceae). Sci Rep 2019; 9:14295. [PMID: 31586110 PMCID: PMC6778120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones (STL) are a subclass of isoprenoids with many known bioactivities frequently found in the Asteraceae family. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made regarding the biochemistry of STL, and today the biosynthetic pathway of the core backbones of many STLs has been elucidated. Consequently, the focus has shifted to the discovery of the decorating enzymes that can modify the core skeleton with functional hydroxy groups. Using in vivo pathway reconstruction assays in heterologous organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Nicotiana benthamiana, we have analyzed several cytochrome P450 enzyme genes of the CYP71AX subfamily from Helianthus annuus clustered in close proximity to one another on the sunflower genome. We show that one member of this subfamily, CYP71AX36, can catalyze the conversion of costunolide to 14-hydroxycostunolide. The catalytic activity of CYP71AX36 may be of use for the chemoenzymatic production of antileukemic 14-hydroxycostunolide derivatives and other STLs of pharmaceutical interest. We also describe the full 2D-NMR assignment of 14-hydroxycostunolide and provide all 13C chemical shifts of the carbon skeleton for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Frey
- Institute of Botany, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Iris Klaiber
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, Core Facility Hohenheim, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jürgen Conrad
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Aylin Bersch
- Institute of Botany, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Irini Pateraki
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dae-Kyun Ro
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Otmar Spring
- Institute of Botany, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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Fessner ND. P450 Monooxygenases Enable Rapid Late-Stage Diversification of Natural Products via C-H Bond Activation. ChemCatChem 2019; 11:2226-2242. [PMID: 31423290 PMCID: PMC6686969 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The biological potency of natural products has been exploited for decades. Their inherent structural complexity and natural diversity might hold the key to efficiently address the urgent need for the development of novel pharmaceuticals. At the same time, it is that very complexity, which impedes necessary chemical modifications such as structural diversification, to improve the effectiveness of the drug. For this purpose, Cytochrome P450 enzymes, which possess unique abilities to activate inert sp3-hybridised C-H bonds in a late-stage fashion, offer an attractive synthetic tool. In this review the potential of cytochrome P450 enzymes in chemoenzymatic lead diversification is illustrated discussing studies reporting late-stage functionalisations of natural products and other high-value compounds. These enzymes were proven to extend the synthetic toolbox significantly by adding to the flexibility and efficacy of synthetic strategies of natural product chemists, and scientists of other related disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico D. Fessner
- Institute of Molecular BiotechnologyGraz University of Technology, NAWI GrazPetersgasse 148010GrazAustria
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19
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Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases in Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:882-897. [PMID: 30739814 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (P450 or CYP) are heme-containing enzymes that catalyze the introduction of one atom of molecular oxygen into nonactivated C-H bonds, often in a regio- and stereoselective manner. This ability, combined with a tremendous number of accepted substrates, makes P450s powerful biocatalysts. Sixty years after their discovery, P450 systems are recognized as essential bio-bricks in synthetic biology approaches to enable production of high-value complex molecules in recombinant hosts. Recent impressive results in protein engineering led to P450s with tailored properties that are even able to catalyze abiotic reactions. The introduction of P450s in artificial multi-enzymatic cascades reactions and chemo-enzymatic processes offers exciting future perspectives to access novel compounds that cannot be synthesized by nature or by chemical routes.
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20
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Le‐Huu P, Rekow D, Krüger C, Bokel A, Heidt T, Schaubach S, Claasen B, Hölzel S, Frey W, Laschat S, Urlacher VB. Chemoenzymatic Route to Oxyfunctionalized Cembranoids Facilitated by Substrate and Protein Engineering. Chemistry 2018; 24:12010-12021. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priska Le‐Huu
- Institute of BiochemistryHeinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Dominik Rekow
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Claudia Krüger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Ansgar Bokel
- Institute of BiochemistryHeinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Tanja Heidt
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sebastian Schaubach
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Birgit Claasen
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sebastian Hölzel
- Institute of BiochemistryHeinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Vlada B. Urlacher
- Institute of BiochemistryHeinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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21
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Ede BC, Asmaro RR, Moppett JP, Diamanti P, Blair A. Investigating chemoresistance to improve sensitivity of childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia to parthenolide. Haematologica 2018; 103:1493-1501. [PMID: 29773592 PMCID: PMC6119138 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.186700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia have increased survival rates to above 85% in developed countries. Unfortunately, some patients fail to respond to therapy and many suffer from serious side effects, highlighting the need to investigate other agents to treat this disease. Parthenolide, a nuclear factor kappa (κ)B inhibitor and reactive oxygen species inducer, has been shown to have excellent anti-cancer activity in pediatric leukemia xenografts, with minimal effects on normal hemopoietic cells. However, some leukemia initiating cell populations remain resistant to parthenolide. This study examined mechanisms for this resistance, including protective effects conferred by bone marrow stromal components. T-cell acute leukemia cells co-cultured with mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated significantly enhanced survival against parthenolide (73±11%) compared to cells treated without mesenchymal stem cell support (11±9%). Direct cell contact between mesenchymal cells and leukemia cells was not required to afford protection from parthenolide. Mesenchymal stem cells released thiols and protected leukemia cells from reactive oxygen species stress, which is associated with parthenolide cytotoxicity. Blocking cystine uptake by mesenchymal stem cells, using a small molecule inhibitor, prevented thiol release and significantly reduced leukemia cell resistance to parthenolide. These data indicate it may be possible to achieve greater toxicity to childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by combining parthenolide with inhibitors of cystine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Ede
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Rafal R Asmaro
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
| | - John P Moppett
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, UK.,Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, UK
| | - Paraskevi Diamanti
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, UK.,Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, UK
| | - Allison Blair
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, UK .,Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, UK
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22
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Alwaseem H, Frisch BJ, Fasan R. Anticancer activity profiling of parthenolide analogs generated via P450-mediated chemoenzymatic synthesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1365-1373. [PMID: 28826596 PMCID: PMC5803483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The plant-derived sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide (PTL) was recently found to possess promising anticancer activity but elaboration of this natural product scaffold for optimization of its pharmacological properties has proven challenging via available chemical methods. In this work, P450-catalyzed C-H hydroxylation of positions C9 and C14 in PTL was coupled to carbamoylation chemistry to yield a panel of novel carbamate-based PTL analogs ('parthenologs'). These compounds, along with a series of other C9- and C14-functionalized parthenologs obtained via O-H acylation, alkylation, and metal-catalyzed carbene insertion, were profiled for their cytotoxicity against a diverse panel of human cancer cell lines. These studies led to the discovery of several parthenologs with significantly improved anticancer activity (2-14-fold) compared to the parent molecule. Most interestingly, two PTL analogs with high cytotoxicity (LC50∼1-3μM) against T cell leukemia (Jurkat), mantle cell lymphoma (JeKo-1), and adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells as well as a carbamate derivative with potent activity (LC50=0.6μM) against neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-MC) were obtained. In addition, these analyses resulted in the identification of parthenologs featuring both a broad spectrum and tumor cell-specific anticancer activity profile, thus providing valuable probes for the future investigation of biomolecular targets that can affect cell viability across multiple as well as specific types of human cancers. Altogether, these results highlight the potential of P450-mediated chemoenzymatic C-H functionalization toward tuning and improving the anticancer activity of the natural product parthenolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alwaseem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States
| | - Benjamin J Frisch
- Department of Medicine Hematology/Oncology Division, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States.
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23
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Saab-Rincón G, Alwaseem H, Guzmán-Luna V, Olvera L, Fasan R. Stabilization of the Reductase Domain in the Catalytically Self-Sufficient Cytochrome P450 BM3 by Consensus-Guided Mutagenesis. Chembiochem 2018; 19:622-632. [PMID: 29276819 PMCID: PMC5941085 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The multidomain, catalytically self-sufficient cytochrome P450 BM-3 from Bacillus megaterium (P450BM3 ) constitutes a versatile enzyme for the oxyfunctionalization of organic molecules and natural products. However, the limited stability of the diflavin reductase domain limits the utility of this enzyme for synthetic applications. In this work, a consensus-guided mutagenesis approach was applied to enhance the thermal stability of the reductase domain of P450BM3 . Upon phylogenetic analysis of a set of distantly related P450s (>38 % identity), a total of 14 amino acid substitutions were identified and evaluated in terms of their stabilizing effects relative to the wild-type reductase domain. Recombination of the six most stabilizing mutations generated two thermostable variants featuring up to tenfold longer half-lives at 50 °C and increased catalytic performance at elevated temperatures. Further characterization of the engineered P450BM3 variants indicated that the introduced mutations increased the thermal stability of the FAD-binding domain and that the optimal temperature (Topt ) of the enzyme had shifted from 25 to 40 °C. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of consensus mutagenesis for enhancing the stability of the reductase component of a multidomain P450. The stabilized P450BM3 variants developed here could potentially provide more robust scaffolds for the engineering of oxidation biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Saab-Rincón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, 62250, Cuernavaca, Mor., México
| | - Hanan Alwaseem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Valeria Guzmán-Luna
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, 62250, Cuernavaca, Mor., México
| | - Leticia Olvera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, 62250, Cuernavaca, Mor., México
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
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24
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Tavanti M, Porter JL, Sabatini S, Turner NJ, Flitsch SL. Panel of New Thermostable CYP116B Self-Sufficient Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases that Catalyze C−H Activation with a Diverse Substrate Scope. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tavanti
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Joanne L. Porter
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Selina Sabatini
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
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25
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Ndombera FT. Anti-cancer agents and reactive oxygen species modulators that target cancer cell metabolism. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractTraditionally the perspective on reactive oxygen species (ROS) has centered on the role they play as carcinogenic or cancer-causing radicals. Over the years, characterization and functional studies have revealed the complexity of ROS as signaling molecules that regulate various physiological cellular responses or whose levels are altered in various diseases. Cancer cells often maintain high basal level of ROS and are vulnerable to any further increase in ROS levels beyond a certain protective threshold. Consequently, ROS-modulation has emerged as an anticancer strategy with synthesis of various ROS-inducing or responsive agents that target cancer cells. Of note, an increased carbohydrate uptake and/or induction of death receptors of cancer cells was exploited to develop glycoconjugates that potentially induce cellular stress, ROS and apoptosis. This mini review highlights the development of compounds that target cancer cells by taking advantage of redox or metabolic alteration in cancer cells.
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26
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Albarrán-Velo J, González-Martínez D, Gotor-Fernández V. Stereoselective biocatalysis: A mature technology for the asymmetric synthesis of pharmaceutical building blocks. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1340457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Albarrán-Velo
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Martínez
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor-Fernández
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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27
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Abstract
One ultimate goal of synthetic chemistry is to install or manipulate any functional group at any position of a molecule. This Account discusses the potential and possible approaches to use catalysis to enable a reaction to occur at one of many C-H bonds or at one of several nearly identical functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Hartwig
- Division of Chemical Sciences,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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28
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O'Hanlon JA, Ren X, Morris M, Wong LL, Robertson J. Hydroxylation of anilides by engineered cytochrome P450BM3. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:8780-8787. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02236k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450BM3mutants achieve selectivepara-hydroxylation of substitutedN-sulfonylanilines under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A. O'Hanlon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Xinkun Ren
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Melloney Morris
- Syngenta UK
- Jealott's Hill International Research Centre
- Bracknell
- UK
| | - Luet Lok Wong
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Jeremy Robertson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
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