1
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Wang Z, Li H, Gou L, Li W, Wang Y. Antibody-drug conjugates: Recent advances in payloads. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4025-4059. [PMID: 37799390 PMCID: PMC10547921 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs), which combine the advantages of monoclonal antibodies with precise targeting and payloads with efficient killing, show great clinical therapeutic value. The ADCs' payloads play a key role in determining the efficacy of ADC drugs and thus have attracted great attention in the field. An ideal ADC payload should possess sufficient toxicity, low immunogenicity, high stability, and modifiable functional groups. Common ADC payloads include tubulin inhibitors and DNA damaging agents, with tubulin inhibitors accounting for more than half of the ADC drugs in clinical development. However, due to clinical limitations of traditional ADC payloads, such as inadequate efficacy and the development of acquired drug resistance, novel highly efficient payloads with diverse targets and reduced side effects are being developed. This perspective summarizes the recent research advances of traditional and novel ADC payloads with main focuses on the structure-activity relationship studies, co-crystal structures, and designing strategies, and further discusses the future research directions of ADC payloads. This review also aims to provide valuable references and future directions for the development of novel ADC payloads that will have high efficacy, low toxicity, adequate stability, and abilities to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610212, China
| | - Hanxuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Lantu Gou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610212, China
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2
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Bengtsson C, Gravenfors Y. Rapid Construction of a Chloromethyl-Substituted Duocarmycin-like Prodrug. Molecules 2023; 28:4818. [PMID: 37375372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction of duocarmycin-like compounds is often associated with lengthy synthetic routes. Presented herein is the development of a short and convenient synthesis of a type of duocarmycin prodrug. The 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2-e]indole-containing core is here constructed from commercially available Boc-5-bromoindole in four steps and 23% overall yield, utilizing a Buchwald-Hartwig amination followed by a sodium hydride-induced regioselective bromination. In addition, protocols for selective mono- and di-halogenations of positions 3 and 4 were also developed, which could be useful for further exploration of this scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Bengtsson
- Drug Discovery & Development Platform, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 23a, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ylva Gravenfors
- Drug Discovery & Development Platform, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 23a, 17165 Solna, Sweden
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3
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Felber JG, Kitowski A, Zeisel L, Maier MS, Heise C, Thorn-Seshold J, Thorn-Seshold O. Cyclic Dichalcogenides Extend the Reach of Bioreductive Prodrugs to Harness Thiol/Disulfide Oxidoreductases: Applications to seco-Duocarmycins Targeting the Thioredoxin System. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:763-776. [PMID: 37122469 PMCID: PMC10141580 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule prodrug approaches that can activate cancer therapeutics selectively in tumors are urgently needed. Here, we developed the first antitumor prodrugs designed for activation by thiol-manifold oxidoreductases, targeting the thioredoxin (Trx) system. The Trx system is a critical cellular redox axis that is tightly linked to dysregulated redox/metabolic states in cancer, yet it cannot be addressed by current bioreductive prodrugs, which mainly cluster around oxidized nitrogen species. We instead harnessed Trx/TrxR-specific artificial dichalcogenides to gate the bioactivity of 10 "off-to-on" reduction-activated duocarmycin prodrugs. The prodrugs were tested for cell-free and cellular reductase-dependent activity in 177 cell lines, establishing broad trends for redox-based cellular bioactivity of the dichalcogenides. They were well tolerated in vivo in mice, indicating low systemic release of their duocarmycin cargo, and in vivo anti-tumor efficacy trials in mouse models of breast and pancreatic cancer gave promising indications of effective tumoral drug release, presumably by in situ bioreductive activation. This work therefore presents a chemically novel class of bioreductive prodrugs against a previously unaddressed reductase chemotype, validates its ability to access in vivo-compatible small-molecule prodrugs even of potently cumulative toxins, and so introduces carefully tuned dichalcogenides as a platform strategy for specific bioreduction-based release.
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4
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Lai W, Zhao S, Lai Q, Zhou W, Wu M, Jiang X, Wang X, Peng Y, Wei X, Ouyang L, Gou L, Chen H, Wang Y, Yang J. Design, Synthesis, and Bioevaluation of a Novel Hybrid Molecular Pyrrolobenzodiazepine-Anthracenecarboxyimide as a Payload for Antibody-Drug Conjugate. J Med Chem 2022; 65:11679-11702. [PMID: 35982539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of hybrid molecules combining pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) and anthracenecarboxyimide pharmacophores were designed, synthesized, and tested for in vitro cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. The most potent compound from this series, 37b3, exhibited a subnanomolar level of cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 0.17-0.94 nM. 37b3 induced DNA damage and led to tumor cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We employed 37b3 as a payload to conjugate with trastuzumab to obtain the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) T-PBA. T-PBA maintained its mode of target and internalization ability of trastuzumab. We demonstrated that T-PBA could be degraded through the lysosomal pathway to release the payload 37b3 after internalization. T-PBA showed a powerful killing effect on Her2-positive cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, T-PBA significantly inhibited tumor growth in gastric and ovarian cancer xenograft mouse models without overt toxicity. Collectively, these studies suggest that T-PBA represents a promising new ADC that deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Shengyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Qinhuai Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Mengdan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Yujia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Lantu Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163 Tennessee, United States
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
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5
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Hyung SJ, Leipold DD, Lee DW, Kaur S, Saad OM. Multiplexed Quantitative Analysis of Antibody-Drug Conjugates with Labile CBI-Dimer Payloads In Vivo Using Immunoaffinity LC-MS/MS. Anal Chem 2021; 94:1158-1168. [PMID: 34958550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) involves cleavage of ADCs into smaller analytes representing different components and subsequent measurements from multiple assays for a more comprehensive pharmacokinetic (PK) assessment. Multiple PK analytes including the drug remaining conjugated to the antibody (or antibody-conjugated drug, acDrug) and total antibody can be accessed simultaneously using a multiplex assay by proteolytic digestion of an ADC, if the sites of conjugation are homogeneous for an ADC and the linker drug is stable to proteases. Herein, a multiplexed immunoaffinity liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS PK assay is described involving immunoaffinity enrichment, enzymatic conversion of prodrug, trypsin digestion, and LC-MS/MS as applied to next-generation ADCs constructed from linker drugs bearing dimeric cyclopropabenzindole (CBI) payloads (duocarmycin analogues). The cytotoxic payload is chemically labile, requiring extensive optimization in sample preparation steps to stabilize the drug without ex vivo modification and to convert the prodrug into a single active form of the drug. The qualification data for this assay format showed that this approach provides robust acDrug and total antibody data and can be extended to ADCs with different monoclonal antibody frameworks and linker chemistries. Applications of this multiplexed assay to support preclinical studies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Joon Hyung
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Douglas D Leipold
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Donna W Lee
- Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Surinder Kaur
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ola M Saad
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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6
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Yu SF, Lee DW, Zheng B, Del Rosario G, Leipold D, Booler H, Zhong F, Carrasco-Triguero M, Hong K, Yan P, Rowntree RK, Schutten MM, Pillow T, Sadowsky JD, Dragovich PS, Polson AG. An Anti-CD22- seco-CBI-Dimer Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) for the Treatment of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma That Provides a Longer Duration of Response than Auristatin-Based ADCs in Preclinical Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 20:340-346. [PMID: 33273056 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We are interested in developing a second generation of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that could provide a longer duration of response and be more effective in indolent NHL than the microtubule-inhibiting ADCs pinatuzumab vedotin [anti-CD22-vc-monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE)] and polatuzumab vedotin (anti-CD79b-vc-MMAE). Pinatuzumab vedotin (anti-CD22-vc-MMAE) and polatuzumab vedotin (anti-CD79b-vc-MMAE) are ADCs that contain the microtubule inhibitor MMAE. Clinical trial data suggest that these ADCs have promising efficacy for the treatment of NHL; however, some patients do not respond or become resistant to the ADCs. We tested an anti-CD22 ADC with a seco-CBI-dimer payload, thio-Hu anti-CD22-(LC:K149C)-SN36248, and compared it with pinatuzumab vedotin for its efficacy and duration of response in xenograft models and its ability to deplete normal B cells in cynomolgus monkeys. We found that anti-CD22-(LC:K149C)-SN36248 was effective in xenograft models resistant to pinatuzumab vedotin, gave a longer duration of response, had a different mechanism of resistance, and was able to deplete normal B cells better than pinatuzumab vedotin. These studies provide evidence that anti-CD22-(LC:K149C)-SN36248 has the potential for longer duration of response and more efficacy in indolent NHL than MMAE ADCs and may provide the opportunity to improve outcomes for patients with NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Fan Yu
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Donna W Lee
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Bing Zheng
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Douglas Leipold
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Helen Booler
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Fiona Zhong
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Kyu Hong
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Peter Yan
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Rebecca K Rowntree
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Melissa M Schutten
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas Pillow
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jack D Sadowsky
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Peter S Dragovich
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew G Polson
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California.
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7
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Scribner JA, Brown JG, Son T, Chiechi M, Li P, Sharma S, Li H, De Costa A, Li Y, Chen Y, Easton A, Yee-Toy NC, Chen FZ, Gorlatov S, Barat B, Huang L, Wolff CR, Hooley J, Hotaling TE, Gaynutdinov T, Ciccarone V, Tamura J, Koenig S, Moore PA, Bonvini E, Loo D. Preclinical Development of MGC018, a Duocarmycin-based Antibody-drug Conjugate Targeting B7-H3 for Solid Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:2235-2244. [PMID: 32967924 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
B7-H3, also referred to as CD276, is a member of the B7 family of immune regulatory proteins. B7-H3 is overexpressed on many solid cancers, including prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, non-small cell lung cancer, and breast cancer. Overexpression of B7-H3 is associated with disease severity, risk of recurrence and reduced survival. In this article, we report the preclinical development of MGC018, an antibody-drug conjugate targeted against B7-H3. MGC018 is comprised of the cleavable linker-duocarmycin payload, valine-citrulline-seco duocarmycin hydroxybenzamide azaindole (vc-seco-DUBA), conjugated to an anti-B7-H3 humanized IgG1/kappa mAb through reduced interchain disulfides, with an average drug-to-antibody ratio of approximately 2.7. MGC018 exhibited cytotoxicity toward B7-H3-positive human tumor cell lines, and exhibited bystander killing of target-negative tumor cells when cocultured with B7-H3-positive tumor cells. MGC018 displayed potent antitumor activity in preclinical tumor models of breast, ovarian, and lung cancer, as well as melanoma. In addition, antitumor activity was observed toward patient-derived xenograft models of breast, prostate, and head and neck cancer displaying heterogeneous expression of B7-H3. Importantly, MGC018 exhibited a favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profile in cynomolgus monkeys following repeat-dose administration. The antitumor activity observed preclinically with MGC018, together with the positive safety profile, provides evidence of a potentially favorable therapeutic index and supports the continued development of MGC018 for the treatment of solid cancers. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://mct.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanther/19/11/2235/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pam Li
- MacroGenics, Inc., Brisbane, California
| | | | - Hua Li
- MacroGenics, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Ying Li
- MacroGenics, Inc., Brisbane, California
| | - Yan Chen
- MacroGenics, Inc., Brisbane, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Deryk Loo
- MacroGenics, Inc., Brisbane, California.
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8
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Park S, Kim SY, Cho J, Jung D, Seo D, Lee J, Lee S, Yun S, Lee H, Park O, Seo B, Woo SH, Park TK. Aryl Sulfate is a Useful Motif for Conjugating and Releasing Phenolic Molecules: Sulfur Fluorine Exchange Click Chemistry Enables Discovery of Ortho-Hydroxy-Protected Aryl Sulfate Linker. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1957-1968. [PMID: 31251583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A new self-immolative linker motif, Ortho Hydroxy-Protected Aryl Sulfate (OHPAS), was devised, and OHPAS-containing antibody drug conjugates (ADC) were tested in vitro and in vivo. Conveniently synthesized using Sulfur Fluorine Exchange (SuFEx) chemistry, it is based structurally on diaryl sulfate, with one aryl acting as a payload and the other as a self-immolative sulfate unit having a latent phenol function at the ortho position. The chemically stable OHPAS linker was stable in plasma samples from 5 different species, yet it can release the payload molecule smoothly upon chemical or biological triggering. The payload release proceeds via intramolecular cyclization, producing a cyclic sulfate coproduct that eventually hydrolyzes to a catechol monosulfate. A set of OHPAS-containing ADCs based on Trastuzumab were prepared with a drug to antibody ratio of ∼2, and were shown to be cytotoxic in 5 different cancer cell lines in vitro and dose-dependently inhibited tumor growth in a NCI-N87 mouse xenograft model. We conclude that OHPAS conjugates will be of considerable use for delivering phenol-containing payloads to tissues targeted for medical intervention.
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9
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Bhaduri S, Ranjan N, Arya DP. An overview of recent advances in duplex DNA recognition by small molecules. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1051-1086. [PMID: 29977379 PMCID: PMC6009268 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the carrier of genetic information, the DNA double helix interacts with many natural ligands during the cell cycle, and is amenable to such intervention in diseases such as cancer biogenesis. Proteins bind DNA in a site-specific manner, not only distinguishing between the geometry of the major and minor grooves, but also by making close contacts with individual bases within the local helix architecture. Over the last four decades, much research has been reported on the development of small non-natural ligands as therapeutics to either block, or in some cases, mimic a DNA–protein interaction of interest. This review presents the latest findings in the pursuit of novel synthetic DNA binders. This article provides recent coverage of major strategies (such as groove recognition, intercalation and cross-linking) adopted in the duplex DNA recognition by small molecules, with an emphasis on major works of the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nihar Ranjan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli 122003, India
| | - Dev P Arya
- NUBAD, LLC, 900B West Faris Rd., Greenville 29605, SC, USA.,Clemson University, Hunter Laboratory, Clemson 29634, SC, USA
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10
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Zhang D, Le H, Cruz-Chuh JD, Bobba S, Guo J, Staben L, Zhang C, Ma Y, Kozak KR, Lewis Phillips GD, Vollmar BS, Sadowsky JD, Vandlen R, Wei B, Su D, Fan P, Dragovich PS, Khojasteh SC, Hop CECA, Pillow TH. Immolation of p-Aminobenzyl Ether Linker and Payload Potency and Stability Determine the Cell-Killing Activity of Antibody–Drug Conjugates with Phenol-Containing Payloads. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:267-274. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donglu Zhang
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, ‡Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, §Molecular Oncology, ⊥Discovery Chemistry, and ∥Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hoa Le
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, ‡Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, §Molecular Oncology, ⊥Discovery Chemistry, and ∥Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Josefa dela Cruz-Chuh
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, ‡Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, §Molecular Oncology, ⊥Discovery Chemistry, and ∥Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sudheer Bobba
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, ‡Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, §Molecular Oncology, ⊥Discovery Chemistry, and ∥Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jun Guo
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, ‡Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, §Molecular Oncology, ⊥Discovery Chemistry, and ∥Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Leanna Staben
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, ‡Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, §Molecular Oncology, ⊥Discovery Chemistry, and ∥Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Chenghong Zhang
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, ‡Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, §Molecular Oncology, ⊥Discovery Chemistry, and ∥Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yong Ma
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, ‡Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, §Molecular Oncology, ⊥Discovery Chemistry, and ∥Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katherine R. Kozak
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, ‡Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, §Molecular Oncology, ⊥Discovery Chemistry, and ∥Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gail D. Lewis Phillips
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, ‡Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, §Molecular Oncology, ⊥Discovery Chemistry, and ∥Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Breanna S. Vollmar
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, ‡Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, §Molecular Oncology, ⊥Discovery Chemistry, and ∥Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jack D. Sadowsky
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, ‡Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, §Molecular Oncology, ⊥Discovery Chemistry, and ∥Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Richard Vandlen
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, ‡Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, §Molecular Oncology, ⊥Discovery Chemistry, and ∥Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - BinQing Wei
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, ‡Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, §Molecular Oncology, ⊥Discovery Chemistry, and ∥Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dian Su
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, ‡Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, §Molecular Oncology, ⊥Discovery Chemistry, and ∥Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Peter Fan
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, ‡Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, §Molecular Oncology, ⊥Discovery Chemistry, and ∥Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Peter S. Dragovich
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, ‡Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, §Molecular Oncology, ⊥Discovery Chemistry, and ∥Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - S. Cyrus Khojasteh
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, ‡Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, §Molecular Oncology, ⊥Discovery Chemistry, and ∥Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cornelis E. C. A. Hop
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, ‡Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, §Molecular Oncology, ⊥Discovery Chemistry, and ∥Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas H. Pillow
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, ‡Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, §Molecular Oncology, ⊥Discovery Chemistry, and ∥Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Staben LR, Yu SF, Chen J, Yan G, Xu Z, Del Rosario G, Lau JT, Liu L, Guo J, Zheng B, dela Cruz-Chuh J, Lee BC, Ohri R, Cai W, Zhou H, Kozak KR, Xu K, Lewis Phillips GD, Lu J, Wai J, Polson AG, Pillow TH. Stabilizing a Tubulysin Antibody-Drug Conjugate To Enable Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Tumors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:1037-1041. [PMID: 29057047 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tubulysins are promising anticancer cytotoxic agents due to the clinical validation of their mechanism of action (microtubule inhibition) and their particular activity against multidrug-resistant tumor cells. Yet their high potency and subsequent systemic toxicity make them prime candidates for targeted therapy, particularly in the form of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Here we report a strategy to prepare stable and bioreversible conjugates of tubulysins to antibodies without loss of activity. A peptide trigger along with a quaternary ammonium salt linker connection to the tertiary amine of tubulysin provided ADCs that were potent in vitro. However, we observed metabolism of a critical acetate ester of the drug in vivo, resulting in diminished conjugate activity. We were able to circumvent this metabolic liability with the judicious choice of a propyl ether replacement. This modified tubulysin ADC was stable and effective against multidrug-resistant lymphoma cell lines and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanna R. Staben
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Wuxi Apptec
, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Gang Yan
- Wuxi Apptec
, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Zijin Xu
- Wuxi Apptec
, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Geoffrey Del Rosario
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Lau
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Luna Liu
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jun Guo
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Bing Zheng
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Byoung-Chul Lee
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rachana Ohri
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wenwen Cai
- Wuxi Biologics
, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Hongxiang Zhou
- Wuxi Biologics
, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Katherine R. Kozak
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Jiawei Lu
- Wuxi Biologics
, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - John Wai
- Wuxi Apptec
, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Andrew G. Polson
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas H. Pillow
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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12
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Novel linkers and connections for antibody-drug conjugates to treat cancer and infectious disease. Pharm Pat Anal 2017; 6:25-33. [PMID: 28155578 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2016-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are an exciting therapeutic, combining the extreme potency of a small molecule cytotoxic drug with the exquisite selectivity of a monoclonal antibody. Despite the promising concept and many decades of research and clinical experiments, only two ADCs are approved for human use. Among the lessons learned, have been the need for highly stable and potentially releasable linkers and the empirical nature of therapeutic index supporting the testing of many diverse cytotoxics, many requiring new linker connections for the drug's available functional groups. This article will focus on our efforts at Genentech to develop a new disulfide linker as well as our discovery of a novel quaternary ammonium salt linker connection and the application to ADCs for cancer and infectious disease.
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