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Kumar A, Verma H, Gangwar P, Jangid K, Kumar V, Dhiman M, Jaitak V. Estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) antagonistic activity of phytoconstituents from Potentilla atrosanguinea and Potentilla fulgens in breast cancer. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106123. [PMID: 39004288 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The Potentilla genus has long been used traditionally as food and a folklore medicine. In the present study, aerial parts of two Potentilla species, Potentilla fulgens and Potentilla atrosanguinea, of western Himalayan origin, were studied for their anti-breast cancer activity. Ethyl acetate (PAA-EA, PFA-EA), methanolic (PAA-ME, PFA-ME) and hydro-methanolic extract (PAA-HM, PFA-HM) of the plants were tested for their antiproliferative activities against MCF-7 and T-47D breast cancer cell lines. The extracts showed good antiproliferative activity against ER-α dominant breast cancer cell line T-47D, having IC50 values 6.19 ± 0.01 to 33.23 ± 0.04 μg/ml. Eight compounds were isolated, characterized, and quantified from ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts by column chromatography, 1D, 2D-NMR, HRMS and TLC densitometric analysis. Two compounds (4 and 6) have shown better antiproliferative activity than standard bazedoxifene and were further evaluated for their ER-α binding affinity via-fluorescence polarization-based competitive binding assay. The antiestrogenic properties of both compounds were assessed using western blotting. Compounds 4 and 6 were found to have significant affinity for the ER-α and managed to decrease its expression by 38 and 54% respectively. Compounds 4 and 6 also had good stability and reactivity as measured by minimal fluctuations in molecular dynamic simulation analysis, a good dock score in molecular docking, and a respectable HOMO-LUMO energy gap in DFT calculations. Compounds 4 and 6 have shown reliable results and can be used in the development of natural product-based anti-breast cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Natural Products Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Harkomal Verma
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Prabhakar Gangwar
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Kailash Jangid
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Natural Products Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India..
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Choudhari RC, Kaur K, Das A, Jaitak V. Synthesis, and In-silico Studies of Indole-chalcone Derivatives Targeting Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ER-α) for Breast Cancer. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2024; 20:640-652. [PMID: 37888813 DOI: 10.2174/0115734099263650230926053750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the prominent reason of death in women worldwide, and the cases are increasing day by day. There are many FDA-approved drugs for treating breast cancer. Due to drug resistance, and problems in selectivity, there is a need to develop more effective agents with few side effects. Indole derivatives have demonstrated significant pharmacological potential as anti-breast cancer agents. Further, chalcone derivatives incorporating heterocyclic scaffolds play a significant role in medicine. Indole-chalcone-based compounds offer the potential for improved biological activity and enhanced drug-like properties. It prompted us to explore the synthesis of Indole-Chalcone derivatives targeting estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) to discover potent anti-breast cancer agents. OBJECTIVES To synthesize indole-chalcone derivatives and study their binding interactions for ER-α protein by molecular docking for breast cancer treatment. METHODS In this study, indole-chalcone derivatives have been synthesized using conventional heating. With the help of Schrodinger software, molecular interaction as well as ADME (Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) studies of the compounds were conducted. RESULTS Among all the synthesized compounds, four compounds (1, 2, 3, and 4) showed better docking scores (-10.24 kcal/mol, -10.15 kcal/mol, -9.40 kcal/mol, -9.29 kcal/mol, respectively) than the standard tamoxifen (-8.43 kcal/mol). CONCLUSION From In-silico studies, we can conclude that four compounds from the synthesized series fit into the active site of ER-α. ADME properties of synthesized derivatives were found in the acceptable range. In the future, these compounds can be further explored for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Charudatta Choudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda (Pb), 151401, India
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda (Pb), 151401, India
| | - Agnidipta Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda (Pb), 151401, India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda (Pb), 151401, India
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3
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Das A, Sarangi M, Jangid K, Kumar V, Kumar A, Singh PP, Kaur K, Kumar V, Chakraborty S, Jaitak V. Identification of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as tubulin-targeted anticancer agents: a combined field-based 3D-QSAR, pharmacophore model-based virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and density functional theory calculation approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37695635 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2256876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most prominent causes of death worldwide and tubulin is a crucial protein of cytoskeleton that maintains essential cellular functions including cell division as well as cell signalling, that makes an attractive drug target for cancer drug development. 1,3,4-oxadiazoles disrupt microtubule causing G2-M phase cell cycle arrest and provide anti-proliferative effect. In this study, field-based 3D-QSAR models were developed using 62 bioactive anti-tubulin 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. The best model characterized by PLS factor 7 was rigorously validated using various statistical parameters. Generated 3D-QSAR model having high degree of confidence showed favourable and unfavourable contours around 1,3,4-oxadiazole core that assisted in defining proper spatial positioning of desired functional groups for better bioactivity. A five featured pharmacophore model (AAHHR_1) was developed using same ligand library and validated through enrichment analysis (BEDROC160.9 value = 0.59, Average EF 1% = 27.05, and AUC = 0.74). Total 30,212 derivatives of 1,3,4-oxadiazole obtained from PubChem database was prefiltered through validated pharmacophore model and docked in XP mode on binding cavity of tubulin protein (PDB code: 1SA0) which led into the identification of 11 HITs having docking scores between -7.530 and -9.719 kcal/mol while the reference compound Colchicine exerted docking score of -7.046 kcal/mol. Following the analysis of MM-GBSA and ADME studies, HIT1 and HIT4 emerged as the two promising hits. To verify their thermodynamic stability at the target site, molecular dynamic simulations were carried out. Both HITs were further subjected to DFT analysis to determine their HOMO-LUMO energy gap for ensuring their biological feasibility. Finally, molecular docking based structural exploration for 1,3,4-oxadiazoles to set up a lead of Formula I for further advancements of tubulin polymerization inhibitors as anti-cancer agents.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnidipta Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Manaswini Sarangi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Kailash Jangid
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Praval Pratap Singh
- Department of Computational Sciences, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sudip Chakraborty
- Department of Computational Sciences, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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Gentile G, Mamone M, Rosso C, Amato F, Lanfrit C, Filippini G, Prato M. Tailoring the Chemical Structure of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots for Nano-Aminocatalysis in Aqueous Media. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202399. [PMID: 36633395 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Amine-rich carbon dots (NCDs) have become promising nano-aminocatalytic platforms in organic synthesis. These nanomaterials can be effectively produced through straightforward bottom-up approaches using inexpensive nitrogen-containing molecular precursors as a starting material. However, to date, there is still a limited understanding of how the molecular features of these precursors affect the catalytic activity of the resulting nanoparticles. This study concerns the production of a new family of NCDs, which use l-arginine and different alkyl diamines as starting materials. The surface amines of all these NCDs were comprehensively characterized, thus allowing us to provide a correlation between the structural features of the nanoparticles and their catalytic performance with a selected amino-catalyzed organic transformation. Importantly, the most active nano-aminocatalysts, namely, NCDs-3, were then used as a basis for the formation of a wide variety of functionalized organic compounds in water under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gentile
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Martina Mamone
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristian Rosso
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Present address: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Amato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Present address: Department of Chemistry, University La Sapienza, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanfrit
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giacomo Filippini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science Ikerbasque, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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5
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Bender O, Celik I, Dogan R, Atalay A, Shoman ME, Ali TFS, Beshr EAM, Mohamed M, Alaaeldin E, Shawky AM, Awad EM, Ahmed ASF, Younes KM, Ansari M, Anwar S. Vanillin-Based Indolin-2-one Derivative Bearing a Pyridyl Moiety as a Promising Anti-Breast Cancer Agent via Anti-Estrogenic Activity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6968-6981. [PMID: 36844536 PMCID: PMC9948168 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The structure-based design introduced indoles as an essential motif in designing new selective estrogen receptor modulators employed for treating breast cancer. Therefore, here, a series of synthesized vanillin-substituted indolin-2-ones were screened against the NCI-60 cancer cell panel followed by in vivo, in vitro, and in silico studies. Physicochemical parameters were evaluated with HPLC and SwissADME tools. The compounds demonstrated promising anti-cancer activity for the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line (GI = 6-63%). The compound with the highest activity (6j) was selective for the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line (IC50 = 17.01 μM) with no effect on the MCF-12A normal breast cell line supported by real-time cell analysis. A morphological examination of the used cell lines confirmed a cytostatic effect of compound 6j. It inhibited both in vivo and in vitro estrogenic activity, triggering a 38% reduction in uterine weight induced by estrogen in an immature rat model and hindering 62% of ER-α receptors in in vitro settings. In silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies supported the stability of the ER-α and compound 6j protein-ligand complex. Herein, we report that indolin-2-one derivative 6j is a promising lead compound for further pharmaceutical formulations as a potential anti-breast cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Bender
- Biotechnology
Institute, Ankara University, 06135 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ismail Celik
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Rumeysa Dogan
- Biotechnology
Institute, Ankara University, 06135 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arzu Atalay
- Biotechnology
Institute, Ankara University, 06135 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mai E. Shoman
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Taha F. S. Ali
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Eman A. M. Beshr
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Al Baha University, 65528 Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alaaeldin
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia
University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 61111 Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Shawky
- Science
and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Central
Laboratory for Micro-analysis, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Awad
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Al-Shaimaa F. Ahmed
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Kareem M. Younes
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, 81442 Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Aini Street, ET-11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mukhtar Ansari
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, 81442 Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, 81442 Hail, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Kharat DA, Farooqui M, Hebade MJ, Dobhal BS. Efficient Synthesis of Xanthenes Using Silica-Supported Phosphotungstic Heteropoly Acid (PW/SiO2). ORG PREP PROCED INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2022.2145820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mazahar Farooqui
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad College, Aurangabad, India
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7
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Das S, Kulkarni S, Singh Y, Kumar P, Thareja S. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) for the Treatment of ER+ Breast Cancer: An Overview. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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8
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Shen R, Chen Y, Wu J, Zhao L, Yang A, Kou X. Effect of Bis-Dimethylamine Substitution on DNA Binding Property and Cytotoxic Activity of Polyhydroxyxanthone. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202101021. [PMID: 35324082 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A bis-dimethylamine substituted xanthone (Xan-2) was obtained by cationic modification of the free C3 and C6 hydroxy groups of 1,3,6-trihydroxyxanthone (Xan-1) which was isolated from Polygala hongkongensis Hemsl.. The results of the spectroscopic analysis, melting profiles, electrophoretic migration, PCR assay and molecular docking indicated that the hydrophobic plane of Xan-1 and Xan-2 could intercalate into the DNA base pairs meanwhile the basic amine alkyl chain of Xan-2 could bind with DNA phosphate framework via electrostatic interaction. Thus, Xan-2 exhibited higher DNA binding affinity than Xan-1. Further study showed that Xan-2 could inhibit the proliferation of HeLa, SGC-7901 and A549 cells effectively by MTT assay and induce apoptosis of HeLa cells as detected by AO/EB staining and flow cytometry assay. Interestingly, Xan-2 exhibited selective cytotoxicity to cells, which was proved by its relatively low inhibitory effect on Raw 264.7 cell. What these studies mean is that disubstituted amine alkyl chains will play an important role in DNA binding property and cytotoxic activity, providing a direction for the development of novel potential antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Tianjin Renai College, Tianjin, 301636, China
| | - Aihong Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiaodi Kou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
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9
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Shankaraiah N, Tokala R, Bora D. Contribution of Knoevenagel Condensation Products towards Development of Anticancer Agents: An Updated Review. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100736. [PMID: 35226798 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Knoevenagel condensation is an entrenched, prevailing, prominent arsenal following greener principles in the generation of α, β-unsaturated ketones/carboxylic acids by involving carbonyl functionalities and active methylenes. This reaction has proved to be a major driving force in many multicomponent reactions indicating the prolific utility towards the development of biologically fascinating molecules. This eminent reaction was acclimatised on different pharmacophoric aldehydes (benzimidazole, β-carboline, phenanthrene, indole, imidazothiadiazole, pyrazole etc.) and active methylenes (oxindole, barbituric acid, Meldrum's acid, thiazolidinedione etc.) to generate the library of chemical compounds. Their potential was also explicit to understand the significance of functionalities involved, which thereby evoke further developments in drug discovery. Furthermore, most of these reaction products exhibited remarkable anticancer activity in nanomolar to micromolar ranges by targeting different cancer targets like DNA, microtubules, Topo-I/II, and kinases (PIM, PARP, NMP, p300/CBP) etc. This review underscores the efficiency of the Knoevenagel condensation explored in the past six-year to generate molecules of pharmacological interest, predominantly towards cancer. The present review also provides the aspects of structure-activity relationships, mode of action and docking study with possible interaction with the target protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagula Shankaraiah
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Balanagar, 500037, Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Ramya Tokala
- NIPER Hyderabad: National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad, Medicinal Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Darshana Bora
- NIPER Hyderabad: National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad, Medicinal Chemistry, INDIA
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10
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Kar A, Rana G, Chanda R, Jana U. Iron( iii)-catalyzed synthesis of indole–xanthydrol hybrid through oxidative cycloisomerization/hydroxylation reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8545-8553. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01727j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron(iii)-catalyzed synthesis of indole–xanthydrol hybrid through oxidative cycloisomerization/hydroxylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Gopal Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Rupsa Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Umasish Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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11
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Kulkarni S, Kaur K, Jaitak V. Recent Developments in Oxazole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: Review on Synthetic Strategies, Mechanism of Action and SAR studies. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1859-1882. [PMID: 34525925 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210915095421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is the world's third deadliest disease. Despite the availability of numerous treatments, researchers are focusing on the development of new drugs lacking resistance and toxicity issues. Many newly synthesized drugs fail to reach clinical trials due to poor pharmacokinetic properties. Therefore, there is an imperative requisite to expand novel anticancer agents with in vivo efficacy. OBJECTIVE This review emphasizes synthetic methods, contemporary strategies used for the inclusion of oxazole moiety, mechanistic targets along with comprehensive structure-activity relationship studies to provide perspective into the rational design of highly efficient oxazole-based anticancer drugs. METHODS Literature related to oxazole derivatives engaged in cancer research is reviewed. This article gives a detailed account of synthetic strategies, targets of oxazole in cancer, including STAT3, Microtubules, G-quadruplex, DNA topoisomerases, DNA damage, Protein kinases, miscellaneous targets, in vitro studies, and some SAR studies. RESULTS Oxazole derivatives possess potent anticancer activity by inhibiting novel targets such as STAT3 and G-quadruplex. Oxazoles also inhibit tubulin protein to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Some other targets such as DNA topoisomerase enzyme, protein kinases, and miscellaneous targets including Cdc25, mitochondrial enzymes, HDAC, LSD1, HPV E2 TAD, NQO1, Aromatase, BCl-6, Estrogen receptor, GRP-78, and Keap-Nrf2 pathway are inhibited by oxazole derivatives Many derivatives showed excellent potencies on various cancer cell lines with IC50 values in nanomolar concentrations. CONCLUSION Oxazole is a five-membered heterocycle, with oxygen and nitrogen at 1 and 3 positions respectively. It is often combined with other pharmacophores in the expansion of novel anticancer drugs. In summary, oxazole is a promising entity to develop new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swanand Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401. India
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401. India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401. India
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12
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ChCl: Gly (DESs) Promote Environmentally Benign Synthesis of Xanthene Derivatives and Their Antitubercular Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123667. [PMID: 34208536 PMCID: PMC8235460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A ChCl: Gly (DESs) promoted environmentally benign method was developed for the first time using the reaction of aryl aldehydes and dimedone to give excellent yields of xanthene analogues. The major application of this present protocol is the use of green solvent, a wide range of substrate, short reaction times, ease of recovery, the recyclability of the catalyst, high reaction yield, and ChCl: Gly as an alternative catalyst and solvent. In addition to this, all the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis H37Ra (MTB) and M. bovis BCG strains. The compounds 3d, 3e, 3f, and 3j showed significant antitubercular activity against MTB and M. bovis strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 2.5−15.10 µg/mL and 0.26–14.92 µg/mL, respectively. The compounds 3e, 3f, and 3j were found to be nontoxic against MCF-7, A549, HCT 116, and THP-1 cell lines. All the prepared compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis.
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13
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Kamalifar S, Kiyani H. Facile and Efficient Synthesis of 9-Aryl-1,8-Dioxo-Octahydroxanthenes Catalyzed by Sulfacetamide. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1872656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamzeh Kiyani
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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14
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Kumar N, Gulati HK, Sharma A, Heer S, Jassal AK, Arora L, Kaur S, Singh A, Bhagat K, Kaur A, Singh H, Singh JV, Bedi PMS. Most recent strategies targeting estrogen receptor alpha for the treatment of breast cancer. Mol Divers 2020; 25:603-624. [PMID: 32886304 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prominent, frequently diagnosed and leading cause of death among women. Estrogen is an agonist of estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α), expressed in mammary glands and is responsible for initiating many signalling pathways that lead to differentiation and development of breast tissue. Any mutations in these signalling pathways result in irregular growth of mammary tissue, leading to the development of tumour or cancer. All these observations attract the attention of researchers to antagonize ER-α receptor either by developing selective estrogen receptor modulators or by selective estrogen receptor degraders. Therefore, this article provides a brief overview of various factors that are responsible for provoking breast cancer in women and design strategies recently used by the various research groups across the world for antagonizing or demodulating ER-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.,Drug and Pollution Testing Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Harmandeep Kaur Gulati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Aakriti Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Shilpa Heer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Anupmjot Kaur Jassal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Lovenish Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Simranpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Atamjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Kavita Bhagat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Arshmeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Harbinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Jatinder Vir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India. .,Drug and Pollution Testing Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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15
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Kaur K, Jaitak V. Recent Development in Indole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents for Breast Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:962-983. [PMID: 30864529 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190312125602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast Cancer (BC) is the second most common cause of cancer related deaths in women. Due to severe side effects and multidrug resistance, current therapies like hormonal therapy, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy become ineffective. Also, the existing drugs for BC treatment are associated with several drawbacks such as poor oral bioavailability, non-selectivity and poor pharmacodynamics properties. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of more effective and safer anti BC agents. OBJECTIVE This article explored in detail the possibilities of indole-based heterocyclic compounds as anticancer agents with breast cancer as their major target. METHODS Recent literature related to indole derivatives endowed with encouraging anti BC potential is reviewed. With special focus on BC, this review offers a detailed account of multiple mechanisms of action of various indole derivatives: aromatase inhibitor, tubulin inhibitor, microtubule inhibitor, targeting estrogen receptor, DNA-binding mechanism, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of PI3K/AkT/NFkB/mTOR, and HDAC inhibitors, by which these derivatives have shown promising anticancer potential. RESULTS Exhaustive literature survey indicated that indole derivatives are associated with properties of inducing apoptosis and disturbing tubulin assembly. Indoles are also associated with the inhibition of NFkB/mTOR/PI3K/AkT and regulation of estrogen-mediated activity. Furthermore, indole derivatives have been found to modulate critical targets such as topoisomerase and HDAC. These derivatives have shown significant activity against breast cancer cells. CONCLUSION In BC, indole derivatives seem to be quite competent and act through various mechanisms that are well established in case of BC. This review has shown that indole derivatives can further be explored for the betterment of BC chemotherapy. A lot of potential is still hidden which demands to be discovered for upgrading BC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalpreet Kaur
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda (Pb) -151001, India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda (Pb) -151001, India
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16
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Guo WY, Zeng SMZ, Deora GS, Li QS, Ruan BF. Estrogen Receptor α (ERα)-targeting Compounds and Derivatives: Recent Advances in Structural Modification and Bioactivity. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1318-1337. [PMID: 31215379 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190619142504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer suffered by female, and the second highest cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. At present, hormone therapy is still the main treatment route and can be divided into three main categories: selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs), and aromatase inhibitors (AIs). However, breast cancer is difficult to cure even after several rounds of anti-estrogen therapy and most drugs have serious side-effects. Here, we review the literature published over the past five years regarding the isolation and synthesis of analogs and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Shang-Ming-Zhu Zeng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Girdhar Singh Deora
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Qing-Shan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Ban-Feng Ruan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
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17
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Makar S, Saha T, Swetha R, Gutti G, Kumar A, Singh SK. Rational approaches of drug design for the development of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), implicated in breast cancer. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103380. [PMID: 31757413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery and development have gained momentum due to the rational drug design by engaging computational tools and bioinformatics methodologies. Bioisosteric replacements and hybrid molecular approaches are the other inventive processes, used by medicinal chemists for the desired modifications of leads for clinical drug candidates. SERMs, ought to produce inhibitory activity in breast, uterus and agonist activity in other tissues, are beneficial for estrogen-like actions. ER subtypes α and β are hormone dependent modulators of intracellular signaling and gene expression, and development of ER selective ligands could be an effective approach for treatment of breast cancer. This report has critically investigated the possible designing considerations of SERMs, their in silico interactions, and potent pharmacophore generation approaches viz. indole, restricted benzothiophene [3, 2-b] indole, carborane, xanthendione, combretastatin A-4, organometallic heterocycles, OBHS-SAHA hybrids, benzopyranones, tetrahydroisoquinolines, Dig G derivatives and their specifications in drug design and development, to rationally improve the understanding in drug discovery. This also includes various strategies for the development of dual inhibitors for the management of antiestrogenic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Makar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Tanmay Saha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Rayala Swetha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Gopichand Gutti
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Sushil K Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India.
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18
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Sharma D, Kumar S, Narasimhan B. Estrogen alpha receptor antagonists for the treatment of breast cancer: a review. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:107. [PMID: 30361894 PMCID: PMC6768042 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is at present one of the leading causes of death in the world. It accounts for 13% of deaths occurred worldwide and is continuously rising, with an estimated million of deaths up to 2030. Due to poor availability of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, the rate of mortality is at alarming level globally. In women, hormone-dependent estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer making up approximately 75% of all breast cancers. Hence, it has drawn the extensive attention of researchers towards the development of effective drugs for the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer. Estrogen, a female sex hormone has a vital role in the initiation and progression of breast malignancy. Therefore, estrogen receptor is the central target for the treatment of breast cancer. Conclusion In this review, we have studied various classes of antiestrogens that have been designed and synthesized with selective binding for estrogen alpha receptor (ER). Since estrogen receptor α is mainly responsible for the breast cancer initiation and progression, therefore there is need of promising strategies for the design and synthesis of new therapeutic ligands which selectively bind to estrogen alpha receptor and inhibit estrogen dependent proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Sanjiv Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
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19
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Singla R, Prakash K, Bihari Gupta K, Upadhyay S, Dhiman M, Jaitak V. Identification of novel indole based heterocycles as selective estrogen receptor modulator. Bioorg Chem 2018; 79:72-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Hasanzadeh Banakar S, Dekamin MG, Yaghoubi A. Selective and highly efficient synthesis of xanthenedione or tetraketone derivatives catalyzed by ZnO nanorod-decorated graphene oxide. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01053f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A new and efficient method for the pseudo three-component synthesis of diverse tetraketone or xanthenedione derivatives has been described in the presence of ZnO nanorods decorated graphene oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Hasanzadeh Banakar
- Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Iran University of Science and Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Mohammad G. Dekamin
- Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Iran University of Science and Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Amene Yaghoubi
- Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Iran University of Science and Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
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