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Guo P, Lim RC, Rajawasam K, Trinh T, Sun H, Zhang H. A methylation-phosphorylation switch controls EZH2 stability and hematopoiesis. eLife 2024; 13:e86168. [PMID: 38346162 PMCID: PMC10901513 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) methylates H3K27 to regulate development and cell fate by transcriptional silencing. Alteration of PRC2 is associated with various cancers. Here, we show that mouse Kdm1a deletion causes a dramatic reduction of PRC2 proteins, whereas mouse null mutation of L3mbtl3 or Dcaf5 results in PRC2 accumulation and increased H3K27 trimethylation. The catalytic subunit of PRC2, EZH2, is methylated at lysine 20 (K20), promoting EZH2 proteolysis by L3MBTL3 and the CLR4DCAF5 ubiquitin ligase. KDM1A (LSD1) demethylates the methylated K20 to stabilize EZH2. K20 methylation is inhibited by AKT-mediated phosphorylation of serine 21 in EZH2. Mouse Ezh2K20R/K20R mutants develop hepatosplenomegaly associated with high GFI1B expression, and Ezh2K20R/K20R mutant bone marrows expand hematopoietic stem cells and downstream hematopoietic populations. Our studies reveal that EZH2 is regulated by methylation-dependent proteolysis, which is negatively controlled by AKT-mediated S21 phosphorylation to establish a methylation-phosphorylation switch to regulate the PRC2 activity and hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States
| | - Rebecca C Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States
| | - Keshari Rajawasam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States
| | - Tiffany Trinh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States
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2
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Burlibasa L, Nicu AT, Chifiriuc MC, Medar C, Petrescu A, Jinga V, Stoica I. H3 histone methylation landscape in male urogenital cancers: from molecular mechanisms to epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1181764. [PMID: 37228649 PMCID: PMC10203431 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1181764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, male urogenital cancers (including prostate, renal, bladder and testicular cancers) have become one of the most frequently encountered malignancies affecting all ages. While their great variety has promoted the development of various diagnosis, treatment and monitoring strategies, some aspects such as the common involvement of epigenetic mechanisms are still not elucidated. Epigenetic processes have come into the spotlight in the past years as important players in the initiation and progression of tumors, leading to a plethora of studies highlighting their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and even as therapeutic targets. Thus, fostering research on the various epigenetic mechanisms and their roles in cancer remains a priority for the scientific community. This review focuses on one of the main epigenetic mechanisms, namely, the methylation of the histone H3 at various sites and its involvement in male urogenital cancers. This histone modification presents a great interest due to its modulatory effect on gene expression, leading either to activation (e.g., H3K4me3, H3K36me3) or repression (e.g., H3K27me3, H3K9me3). In the last few years, growing evidence has demonstrated the aberrant expression of enzymes that methylate/demethylate histone H3 in cancer and inflammatory diseases, that might contribute to the initiation and progression of such disorders. We highlight how these particular epigenetic modifications are emerging as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or targets for the treatment of urogenital cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Medar
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr Theodor Burghele”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Amelia Petrescu
- Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr Theodor Burghele”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorel Jinga
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr Theodor Burghele”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Stoica
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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3
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von Eyben FE, Kristiansen K, Kapp DS, Hu R, Preda O, Nogales FF. Epigenetic Regulation of Driver Genes in Testicular Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044148. [PMID: 36835562 PMCID: PMC9966837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In testicular germ cell tumor type II (TGCT), a seminoma subtype expresses an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) panel with four upregulated genes, OCT4/POU5F1, SOX17, KLF4, and MYC, and embryonal carcinoma (EC) has four upregulated genes, OCT4/POU5F1, SOX2, LIN28, and NANOG. The EC panel can reprogram cells into iPSC, and both iPSC and EC can differentiate into teratoma. This review summarizes the literature on epigenetic regulation of the genes. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as methylations of cytosines on the DNA string and methylations and acetylations of histone 3 lysines, regulate expression of these driver genes between the TGCT subtypes. In TGCT, the driver genes contribute to well-known clinical characteristics and the driver genes are also important for aggressive subtypes of many other malignancies. In conclusion, epigenetic regulation of the driver genes are important for TGCT and for oncology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn E. von Eyben
- Center for Tobacco Control Research, Birkevej 17, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-66145862
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, August Krogh Building Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- BGI-Research, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Institute of Metagenomics, Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 166555, China
| | - Daniel S. Kapp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Ovidiu Preda
- Department of Pathology, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18071 Granada, CP, Spain
| | - Francisco F. Nogales
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University Granada, 18071 Granada, CP, Spain
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4
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Reichle A, Koch M, Sterzel H, Großkopf LJ, Floss J, Rehbein J, Reiser O. Copper(I) Photocatalyzed Bromonitroalkylation of Olefins: Evidence for Highly Efficient Inner-Sphere Pathways. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219086. [PMID: 36732299 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the visible light-mediated copper-catalyzed vicinal difunctionalization of olefins utilizing bromonitroalkanes as ATRA reagents. This protocol is characterized by high yields and fast reaction times under environmentally benign reaction conditions with exceptional scope, allowing the rapid functionalization of both activated and unactivated olefins. Moreover, late-stage functionnalization of biologically active molecules and upscaling to gram quantities is demonstrated, which offers manifold possibilities for further transformations, e.g. access to nitro- and aminocyclopropanes. Besides the synthetic utility of the title transformation, this study undergirds the exclusive role of copper in photoredox catalysis showing its ability to stabilize and interact with radical intermediates in its coordination sphere. EPR studies suggest that such interactions can even outperform a highly favorable cyclization of transient to persistent radicals contrasting iridium-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Reichle
- Fakultät Chemie & Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Koch
- Fakultät Chemie & Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Sterzel
- Fakultät Chemie & Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lea-Joy Großkopf
- Fakultät Chemie & Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Floss
- Fakultät Chemie & Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Rehbein
- Fakultät Chemie & Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Fakultät Chemie & Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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5
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The assembly of mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes is regulated by lysine-methylation dependent proteolysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6696. [PMID: 36335117 PMCID: PMC9637158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes is developmentally programed, and loss/mutations of SWI/SNF subunits alter the levels of other components through proteolysis, causing cancers. Here, we show that mouse Lsd1/Kdm1a deletion causes dramatic dissolution of SWI/SNF complexes and that LSD1 demethylates the methylated lysine residues in SMARCC1 and SMARCC2 to preserve the structural integrity of SWI/SNF complexes. The methylated SMARCC1/SMARCC2 are targeted for proteolysis by L3MBTL3 and the CRL4DCAF5 ubiquitin ligase complex. We identify SMARCC1 as the critical target of LSD1 and L3MBTL3 to maintain the pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. L3MBTL3 also regulates SMARCC1/SMARCC2 proteolysis induced by the loss of SWI/SNF subunits. Consistently, mouse L3mbtl3 deletion causes striking accumulation of SWI/SNF components, associated with embryonic lethality. Our studies reveal that the assembly/disassembly of SWI/SNF complexes is dynamically controlled by a lysine-methylation dependent proteolytic mechanism to maintain the integrity of the SWI/SNF complexes.
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He X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Ye Y, Wang S, Bai R, Xie T, Ye XY. Drug discovery of histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) inhibitors (progress from 2018 to present). Eur J Med Chem 2022; 231:114143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Lourenço BC, Guimarães-Teixeira C, Flores BCT, Miranda-Gonçalves V, Guimarães R, Cantante M, Lopes P, Braga I, Maurício J, Jerónimo C, Henrique R, Lobo J. Ki67 and LSD1 Expression in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors Is Not Associated with Patient Outcome: Investigation Using a Digital Pathology Algorithm. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020264. [PMID: 35207551 PMCID: PMC8875543 DOI: 10.3390/life12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
TGCTs represent a model of curable disease afflicting especially young men. Defining tumor biological characteristics is crucial to increase current knowledge and tailor the best clinical management. Ki67, a potential prognostic marker, still exhibits heterogenous associations with patient outcomes, thus bringing the need of corroboration with larger cohorts in clinical practice. LSD1, an epigenetic enzyme, represents a future target for epigenetic drugs that may lower treatment-associated morbidity. This study aimed to assess Ki67/LSD1 immunoexpression across all TGCT histological subtypes and correlate it with clinicopathological features. Results were compared with an in silico analysis of the TCGA database. Immunohistochemistry for Ki67 and LSD1 was carried out in a cohort of 157 TGCT tumor samples and assessed using a digital pathology algorithm. LSD1 protein expression was explored in TGCT cell lines, including ATRA-differentiated clones. There was a significant positive correlation between Ki67 and LSD1 H-scores (rs = 0.182, p = 0.037). Ki67 positivity percentage and H-score were significantly higher in non-seminomas (p = 0.0316 and 0.0113, respectively). Expression was not significantly different according to clinicopathological features, including stage, IGCCCG prognosis-based system, or relapse/progression-free survival, which was corroborated by in silico analysis. Our study, making use of digital image analysis, does not confirm the utility of these biomarkers in a daily practice cohort. Although not affecting patient outcome in our cohort, LSD1 is expressed overall in TGCTs, suggesting sensitivity to LSD1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Chaves Lourenço
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (B.C.L.); (R.G.); (M.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Catarina Guimarães-Teixeira
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.-T.); (B.C.T.F.); (V.M.-G.); (C.J.)
| | - Bianca C. T. Flores
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.-T.); (B.C.T.F.); (V.M.-G.); (C.J.)
| | - Vera Miranda-Gonçalves
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.-T.); (B.C.T.F.); (V.M.-G.); (C.J.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS–School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Guimarães
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (B.C.L.); (R.G.); (M.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Mariana Cantante
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (B.C.L.); (R.G.); (M.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Paula Lopes
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (B.C.L.); (R.G.); (M.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Isaac Braga
- Department of Urology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Joaquina Maurício
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.-T.); (B.C.T.F.); (V.M.-G.); (C.J.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS–School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (B.C.L.); (R.G.); (M.C.); (P.L.)
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.-T.); (B.C.T.F.); (V.M.-G.); (C.J.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS–School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.H.); or (J.L.)
| | - João Lobo
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (B.C.L.); (R.G.); (M.C.); (P.L.)
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.-T.); (B.C.T.F.); (V.M.-G.); (C.J.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS–School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.H.); or (J.L.)
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8
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Mehndiratta S, Liou JP. Histone lysine specific demethylase 1 inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:969-981. [PMID: 33479691 PMCID: PMC7513387 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00141d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
LSD1 plays a pivotal role in numerous biological functions. The overexpression of LSD1 is reported to be associated with different malignancies. Over the last decade, LSD1 has emerged as an interesting target for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Numerous researchers have designed, synthesized, and evaluated various LSD1 inhibitors with diverse chemical architectures. Some of these inhibitors have entered clinical trials and are currently at different phases of clinical evaluation. This comprehensive review enlists recent research developments in LSD1 targeting pharmacophores reported over the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Mehndiratta
- School of Pharmacy , College of Pharmacy , Taipei Medical University , Taiwan . ; Tel: +886 2 2736 1661 ext 6130
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy , College of Pharmacy , Taipei Medical University , Taiwan . ; Tel: +886 2 2736 1661 ext 6130
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9
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Cardoso AR, Lobo J, Miranda-Gonçalves V, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Epigenetic alterations as therapeutic targets in Testicular Germ Cell Tumours : current and future application of 'epidrugs'. Epigenetics 2020; 16:353-372. [PMID: 32749176 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1805682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are heterogeneous neoplasms mostly affecting young-adult men. Despite high survival rates, some patients with disseminated disease acquire cisplatin resistance, entailing the need for less toxic therapies. Epigenetic alterations constitute an important feature of TGCTs, which are also implicated in resistance mechanism(s). These alterations might be used as potential targets to design epigenetic drugs. To date, several compounds have been explored and evaluated regarding therapeutic efficacy, making use of pre-clinical studies with in vitro and in vivo models, and some have already been explored in clinical trials. This review summarizes the several epigenetic mechanisms at play in these neoplasms, the current challenges in the field of TGCTs and critically reviews available data on 'epidrugs' in those tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Cardoso
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Master in Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-513, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Lobo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-513, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Miranda-Gonçalves
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-513, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-513, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-513, Porto, Portugal
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10
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LSD1/KDM1A, a Gate-Keeper of Cancer Stemness and a Promising Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121821. [PMID: 31756917 PMCID: PMC6966601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A new exciting area in cancer research is the study of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the translational implications for putative epigenetic therapies targeted against them. Accumulating evidence of the effects of epigenetic modulating agents has revealed their dramatic consequences on cellular reprogramming and, particularly, reversing cancer stemness characteristics, such as self-renewal and chemoresistance. Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) plays a well-established role in the normal hematopoietic and neuronal stem cells. Overexpression of LSD1 has been documented in a variety of cancers, where the enzyme is, usually, associated with the more aggressive types of the disease. Interestingly, recent studies have implicated LSD1 in the regulation of the pool of CSCs in different leukemias and solid tumors. However, the precise mechanisms that LSD1 uses to mediate its effects on cancer stemness are largely unknown. Herein, we review the literature on LSD1's role in normal and cancer stem cells, highlighting the analogies of its mode of action in the two biological settings. Given its potential as a pharmacological target, we, also, discuss current advances in the design of novel therapeutic regimes in cancer that incorporate LSD1 inhibitors, as well as their future perspectives.
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11
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Singh R, Fazal Z, Freemantle SJ, Spinella MJ. Mechanisms of cisplatin sensitivity and resistance in testicular germ cell tumors. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:580-594. [PMID: 31538140 PMCID: PMC6752046 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are a cancer pharmacology success story with a majority of patients cured even in the highly advanced and metastatic setting. Successful treatment of TGCTs is primarily due to the exquisite responsiveness of this solid tumor to cisplatin-based therapy. However, a significant percentage of patients are, or become, refractory to cisplatin and die from progressive disease. Mechanisms for both clinical hypersensitivity and resistance have largely remained a mystery despite the promise of applying lessons to the majority of solid tumors that are not curable in the metastatic setting. Recently, this promise has been heightened by the realization that distinct (and perhaps pharmacologically replicable) epigenetic states, rather than fixed genetic alterations, may play dominant roles in not only TGCT etiology and progression but also their curability with conventional chemotherapies. In this review, it discusses potential mechanisms of TGCT cisplatin sensitivity and resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnakar Singh
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zeeshan Fazal
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sarah J Freemantle
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael J Spinella
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,The Carle Illinois College of Medicine , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,The Cancer Center of Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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12
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13
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Xu X, Peng W, Liu C, Li S, Lei J, Wang Z, Kong L, Han C. Flavone-based natural product agents as new lysine-specific demethylase 1 inhibitors exhibiting cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells in vitro. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:370-374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Lu Z, Ren Y, Zhang M, Fan T, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Liu HM, Zhao W, Hou G. FLI-06 suppresses proliferation, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by targeting LSD1 and Notch pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1370-1376. [PMID: 30257352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Notch signaling plays an important role in progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and may represent a potential therapeutic target for ESCC. FLI-06 is a novel Notch inhibitor, preventing the early secretion of Notch signaling. However, little information about the antitumor activity of FLI-06 has been reported so far. To evaluate the anti-tumor activity and possible molecular mechanism of FLI-06 to ESCC cells, the effects of FLI-06 on cell viability, apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated by CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively, in ESCC cell lines ECa109 and EC9706, and the expressions of proteins in Notch signaling pathway and LSD1 were investigated after cells were treated with FLI-06 by Western blotting. The results showed that FLI-06 blocked proliferation, induced apoptosis and G1 phase arrest of ESCC cells in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we found FLI-06 could inhibit Notch signaling pathway by decreasing the expressions of Notch3, DTX1 and Hes1. Interestingly, we also found that the expression of LSD1 (histone lysine specific demethylase 1), which is dysregulated in multiple tumors, was also inhibited by FLI-06. In addition, inhibition of Notch pathway by γ-secretase inhibitor GSI-DAPT could also inhibit LSD1 expression. The current study demonstrated that FLI-06 exerts antitumor activity on ESCC by inhibiting both LSD1 and Notch pathway, which provides the theory support for the treatment of ESCC with FLI-06.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Chemoprevention, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yandan Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tianli Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guiqin Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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15
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Xu S, Zhou C, Liu R, Zhu Q, Xu Y, Lan F, Zha X. Optimization of 5-arylidene barbiturates as potent, selective, reversible LSD1 inhibitors for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4871-4880. [PMID: 30153955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is overexpressed in diverse hematologic disorders and recognized as a promising target for blood medicines. In this study, molecular docking-based virtual screening united with bioevaluation was utilized to identify novel skeleton of 5-arylidene barbiturate as small-molecule inhibitors of LSD1. Among the synthesized derivatives, 12a exhibited reversible and potent inhibition (IC50 = 0.41 μM) and high selectivity over the MAO-A and MAO-B. Notably, 12a strongly induced differentiation effect on acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cell line and distinctly escalated the methylation level on histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4). Our findings indicate that 5-arylidene barbiturate may represent a new skeleton of LSD1 inhibitors and 12a deserve as a promising agent for the further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Xu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Rongfeng Liu
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co. Ltd., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Qihua Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yungen Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Fei Lan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Xiaoming Zha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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