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Lyon WL, MacMillan DWC. Expedient Access to Underexplored Chemical Space: Deoxygenative C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7736-7742. [PMID: 36975797 PMCID: PMC10680137 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Alcohols are commercially abundant and structurally diverse reservoirs of sp3-hybridized chemical space. However, the direct utilization of alcohols in C-C bond-forming cross-couplings remains underexplored. Herein we report an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-mediated deoxygenative alkylation of alcohols and alkyl bromides via nickel-metallaphotoredox catalysis. This C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling exhibits a broad scope and is capable of forming bonds between two secondary carbon centers, a longstanding challenge in the field. Highly strained three-dimensional systems such as spirocycles, bicycles, and fused rings were excellent substrates, enabling the synthesis of new molecular frameworks. Linkages between pharmacophoric saturated ring systems were readily forged, representing a three-dimensional alternative to traditional biaryl formation. The utility of this cross-coupling technology is highlighted with the expedited synthesis of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Lyon
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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2
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Manaithiya A, Alam O, Sharma V, Javed Naim M, Mittal S, Khan IA. GPR119 agonists: Novel therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bioorg Chem 2021; 113:104998. [PMID: 34048996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) is a group of genetically heterogeneous metabolic disorders whose frequency has gradually risen worldwide. Diabetes mellitus Type 2 (T2D) has started to achieve a pandemic level, and it is estimated that within the next decade, cases of diabetes might get double due to increase in aging population. Diabetes is rightly called the 'silent killer' because it has emerged to be one of the major causes, leading to renal failure, loss of vision; besides cardiac arrest in India. Thus, a clinical requirement for the oral drug molecules monitoring glucose homeostasis appears to be unmet. GPR119 agonist, a family of G-protein coupled receptors, usually noticed in β-cells of pancreatic as well as intestinal L cells, drew considerable interest for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). GPR119 monitors physiological mechanisms that enhance homeostasis of glucose, such as glucose-like peptide-1, gastrointestinal incretin hormone levels, pancreatic beta cell-dependent insulin secretion and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP). In this manuscript, we have reviewed the work done in the last five years (2015-2020) which gives an approach to design, synthesize, evaluate and study the structural activity relationship of novel GPR119 agonist-based lead compounds. Our article would help the researchers and guide their endeavours in the direction of strategy and development of innovative, effective GPR119 agonist-based compounds for the management of diabetes mellitus type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Manaithiya
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Ozair Alam
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India.
| | - Vrinda Sharma
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohd Javed Naim
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Shruti Mittal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Imran A Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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3
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Li H, Fang Y, Guo S, Yang Z. GPR119 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: an updated patent review (2014-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:795-808. [PMID: 33896337 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1921152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a rapid-growing complex chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to lessened insulin secretion, insulin resistance and hepatic glucose overproduction. GPR119 is a class A of G protein-coupled receptor, expressed on certain enteroendocrine L and K cells in the small intestine and by β-cells within the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. Activation of GPR119 stimulates the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the intestinal tract and glucose-dependent release of insulin in pancreatic β-cells.Area covered: This review summarized the reported patents on GPR119 agonists from 2014 to present. The authors described the structural features of these novel synthetic molecules and compared their biological activities (including in vitro and in vivo) as potent GPR119 agonists for the treatment of diabetes.Expert opinion: GPR119 agonists remain the advantage of stimulating both insulin and incretin release in a glucose-dependent manner over other hypoglycemic agents, although some GPR119 agonist clinical candidates have been discontinued in Phase І or Phase II. GPR119 agonists will succeed to be developed as anti-diabetic drugs after accumulated scaffolds of agonists are discovered and the crystallographic structure of GPR119 is elucidated. The synergic effect of GPR119 agonist and DPP-4 inhibitor will also elicit a benefit for the new therapeutic of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanying Fang
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuchun Guo
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Shanghai Jemincare Pharm Co., LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Zunhua Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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4
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Yang Y, Tsien J, Ben David A, Hughes JME, Merchant RR, Qin T. Practical and Modular Construction of C(sp 3)-Rich Alkyl Boron Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:471-480. [PMID: 33347297 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl boronic acids and esters play an important role in the synthesis of C(sp3)-rich medicines, agrochemicals, and material chemistry. This work describes a new type of transition-metal-free mediated transformation to enable the construction of C(sp3)-rich and sterically hindered alkyl boron reagents in a practical and modular manner. The broad generality and functional group tolerance of this method is extensively examined through a variety of substrates, including synthesis and late-stage functionalization of scaffolds relevant to medicinal chemistry. The strategic significance of this approach, with alkyl boronic acids as linchpins, is demonstrated through various downstream functionalizations of the alkyl boron compounds. This two-step concurrent cross-coupling approach, resembling formal and flexible alkyl-alkyl couplings, provides a general entry to synthetically challenging high Fsp3-containing drug-like scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Jet Tsien
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Ayala Ben David
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Jonathan M E Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Rohan R Merchant
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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5
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Dowarah J, Singh VP. Anti-diabetic drugs recent approaches and advancements. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115263. [PMID: 32008883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the major diseases worldwide and is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Anti-diabetic drugs are used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus to control glucose levels in the blood. Most of the drugs are administered orally, except for a few of them, such as insulin, exenatide, and pramlintide. In this review, we are going to discuss seven major types of anti-diabetic drugs: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors, aldose reductase inhibitors, α-glucosidase inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitors. Here, we are also discussing some of the recently reported anti-diabetic agents with its multi-target pharmacological actions. This review summarises recent approaches and advancement in anti-diabetes treatment concerning characteristics, structure-activity relationships, functional mechanisms, expression regulation, and applications in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Dowarah
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Ved Prakash Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India.
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6
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Fang Y, Zhang S, Li M, Xiong L, Tu L, Xie S, Jin Y, Liu Y, Yang Z, Liu R. Optimisation of novel 4, 8-disubstituted dihydropyrimido[5,4- b][1,4]oxazine derivatives as potent GPR 119 agonists. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 35:50-58. [PMID: 31656107 PMCID: PMC6830257 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1681988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR119 is a promising target for discovery of anti-type 2 diabetes mellitus agents. We described the optimisation of a novel series of pyrimido[5,4-b][1,4]oxazine derivatives as GPR119 agonists. Most designed compounds exhibited good agonistic activities. Among them, compound 10 and 15 demonstrated the potent EC50 values (13 and 12 nM, respectively) and strong inherent activities. Moreover, significant hypoglycaemic effect of compound 15 was observed by reducing the blood glucose AUC0-2h at the dose of 30 mg/kg, which is stronger than Vildagliptin (23.4% reduction vs. 17.9% reduction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China.,National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
| | - Shaokun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
| | - Min Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
| | - Lijuan Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
| | - Liangxing Tu
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
| | - Saisai Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
| | - Yi Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
| | - Zunhua Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
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7
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Fang Y, Xiong L, Hu J, Zhang S, Xie S, Tu L, Wan Y, Jin Y, Li X, Hu S, Yang Z. Synthesis and evaluation of novel fused pyrimidine derivatives as GPR119 agonists. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:103-111. [PMID: 30685641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of fused pyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as GPR119 agonists. Among them, cyclohexene fused compounds (tetrahydroquinazolines) showed greater GPR119 agonistic activities than did dihydrocyclopentapyrimidine and tetrahydropyridopyrimidine scaffolds. Analogues (16, 19, 26, 28, 42) bearing endo-N-Boc-nortropane amine and fluoro-substituted aniline exhibited better EC50 values (0.27-1.2 μM) though they appeared to be partial agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Fang
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lijuan Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Shaokun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Saisai Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Liangxing Tu
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yang Wan
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yi Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shaojie Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Zunhua Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
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Feskov IO, Chernykh AV, Kuchkovska YO, Daniliuc CG, Kondratov IS, Grygorenko OO. 3-((Hetera)cyclobutyl)azetidines, “Stretched” Analogues of Piperidine, Piperazine, and Morpholine: Advanced Building Blocks for Drug Discovery. J Org Chem 2018; 84:1363-1371. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Illia O. Feskov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 1, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | | | - Yuliya O. Kuchkovska
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ivan S. Kondratov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 1, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
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