1
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Liu F, Edelmann M, Piironen V, Li Y, Liu X, Yan JK, Li L, Kariluoto S. How food matrices modulate folate bioaccessibility: A comprehensive overview of recent advances and challenges. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13328. [PMID: 38551068 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The incomplete absorption of dietary folate makes it crucial to understand how food matrices affect folate bioaccessibility. Bioavailability encompasses bioaccessibility, which depicts the proportion that is liberated from the food matrix during digestion and becomes available for absorption. Bioavailability studies are expensive and difficult to control, whereas bioaccessibility studies utilize in vitro digestion models to parameterize the complex digestion, allowing the evaluation of the effect of food matrices on bioaccessibility. This review covers the folate contents in various food matrices, the methods used to determine and the factors affecting folate bioaccessibility, and the advances and challenges in understanding how food matrices affect folate bioaccessibility. The methods for determining bioaccessibility have been improved in the last decade. Current research shows that food matrices modulate folate bioaccessibility by affecting the liberation and stability of folate during digestion but do not provide enough information about folate and food component interactions at the molecular level. In addition, information on folate interconversion and degradation during digestion is scant, hindering our understanding of the impact of food matrices on folate stability. Moreover, the role of conjugase inhibitors should not be neglected when evaluating the nutritional value of food folates. Due to the complexity of food digestion, holistic methods should be applied to investigate bioaccessibility. By synthesizing the current state of knowledge on this topic, this review highlights the lack of in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of how food matrices modulate folate bioaccessibility and provides insights into potential strategies for accurate evaluation of the nutritional value of dietary folate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Minnamari Edelmann
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vieno Piironen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yuting Li
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaozhen Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Jing-Kun Yan
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Lin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Susanna Kariluoto
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Uspenskaia AA, Krasnikov PA, Majouga AG, Beloglazkina EK, Machulkin AE. Fluorescent Conjugates Based on Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Ligands as an Effective Visualization Tool for Prostate Cancer. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:953-967. [PMID: 37751866 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923070088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent dyes are widely used in histological studies and in intraoperative imaging, including surgical treatment of prostate cancer (PC), which is one of the most common types of cancerous tumors among men today. Targeted delivery of fluorescent conjugates greatly improves diagnostic efficiency and allows for timely correct diagnosis. In the case of PC, the protein marker is a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). To date, a large number of diagnostic conjugates targeting PSMA have been created based on modified urea. The review focuses on the conjugates selectively binding to PSMA and answers the following questions: What fluorescent dyes are already in use in the field of PC diagnosis? What factors influence the structure-activity ratio of the final molecule? What features should be considered when selecting a fluorescent tag to create new diagnostic conjugates? And what could be suggested to further development in this field at the present time?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavel A Krasnikov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander G Majouga
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Moscow, 119049, Russia
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | | | - Aleksei E Machulkin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- RUDN University, Moscow, 117198, Russia
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3
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Temml V, Kollár J, Schönleitner T, Höll A, Schuster D, Kutil Z. Combination of In Silico and In Vitro Screening to Identify Novel Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II Inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:1249-1259. [PMID: 36799916 PMCID: PMC9976286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is a metalloprotease implicated in neurological diseases and prostate oncology. While several classes of potent GCPII-specific inhibitors exist, the development of novel active scaffolds with different pharmacological profiles remains a challenge. Virtual screening followed by in vitro testing is an effective means for the discovery of novel active compounds. Structure- and ligand-based pharmacophore models were created based on a dataset of known GCPII-selective ligands. These models were used in a virtual screening of the SPECS compound library (∼209.000 compounds). Fifty top-scoring virtual hits were further experimentally tested for their ability to inhibit GCPII enzymatic activity in vitro. Six hits were found to have moderate to high inhibitory potency with the best virtual hit, a modified xanthene, inhibiting GCPII with an IC50 value of 353 ± 24 nM. The identification of this novel inhibitory scaffold illustrates the applicability of pharmacophore-based modeling for the discovery of GCPII-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Temml
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jakub Kollár
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Theresa Schönleitner
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna Höll
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Zsófia Kutil
- Laboratory
of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology
of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252
50 Vestec, Czech
Republic
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4
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Ding X, Bai S, Liu F, Michał N, Roman S, Peng N, Liu Y. NIR-II-triggered photothermal therapy with Au@PDA/PEG-PI for targeted downregulation of PSMA in prostate cancer. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:487-499. [PMID: 36521678 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although positron emission tomography (PET) imaging products targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) have been approved for marketing, clinical challenges remain in the study of its use as a therapeutic target, such as the complex synthesis process and side effects after treatment. Here, we developed a strategy for targeted photothermal therapy (PTT) using PSMA as the target. The results of molecular docking demonstrated that the synthesized PEG modified urea-based PSMA inhibitor (small molecular PSMA inhibitor, PI) PI-PEG has a high affinity energy (binding energy = - 8.3 kcal mol-1) for the PSMA target. Therefore, modification of PI-PEG onto the surface of gold@polydopamine (Au@PDA) with NIR-II absorption could enable targeted PTT against PSMA. This work revealed that the prepared Au@PDA/PEG-PI were not only highly selective for PSMA, but also could efficiently ablate PSMA expression by targeted PTT at the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) of the NIR-II laser. Moreover, Au@PDA/PEG-PI also have potential for photoacoustic (PA) imaging and computed tomography (CT) imaging. As the first strategy to downregulate the expression of PSMA and successfully inhibit prostate cancer by targeted PTT, this study case provides a new idea for the clinical translation of PSMA as an integrated target for tumor diagnosis and anti-tumor treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: (1) Au@PDA/PEG-PI NPs were the novel PTT agent to target PSMA and successfully down-regulate PSMA expression. (2) Molecular docking results demonstrated that PI-PEG inhibitors have a high affinity energy for PSMA (binding energy = - 8.3 kcal mol-1). (3) Au@PDA/PEG-PI NPs can be targeted for efficient PTT at the MPE of the NIR-II laser. (4) Au@PDA/PEG-PI NPs also have the potential for PA and CT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province & Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Shiwei Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Fachuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province & Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Nowicki Michał
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - Szewczyk Roman
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - Na Peng
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province & Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China; Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Measurement and Control Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province & Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, PR China.
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5
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Optimization of the dipeptide motifs in the PSMA ligands linker structure: synthesis and in vitro evaluation. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-03002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Identification of alternative protein targets of glutamate-ureido-lysine associated with PSMA tracer uptake in prostate cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2025710119. [PMID: 35064078 PMCID: PMC8795759 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025710119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-ureido-lysine (GUL) probes are specific for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), overexpressed by most prostate cancers. This antigen can be lost as the cancer progresses. Recent reports have indicated that GUL probes can still identify these PSMA-negative tumors, indicating that the expression of alternative PSMA-like proteins may change during disease progression. In this study we identified two such candidate protein targets, NAALADaseL and mGluR8, by using a combined computational chemistry, data mining, molecular biology, radiochemistry, and synthetic chemistry approach. This work consequently prepares the groundwork for developing specific probes that can identify this progression, indicates directions for neuroendocrine prostate cancer research, and highlights the utility of a multidisciplinary approach for the rapid identification of unidentified proteins interacting with diagnostic probes. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly overexpressed in most prostate cancers and is clinically visualized using PSMA-specific probes incorporating glutamate-ureido-lysine (GUL). PSMA is effectively absent from certain high-mortality, treatment-resistant subsets of prostate cancers, such as neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC); however, GUL-based PSMA tracers are still reported to have the potential to identify NEPC metastatic tumors. These probes may bind unknown proteins associated with PSMA-suppressed cancers. We have identified the up-regulation of PSMA-like aminopeptidase NAALADaseL and the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in PSMA-suppressed prostate cancers and find that their expression levels inversely correlate with PSMA expression and are associated with GUL-based radiotracer uptake. Furthermore, we identify that NAALADaseL and mGluR expression correlates with a unique cell cycle signature. This provides an opportunity for the future study of the biology of NEPC and potential therapeutic directions. Computationally predicting that GUL-based probes bind well to these targets, we designed and synthesized a fluorescent PSMA tracer to investigate these proteins in vitro, where it shows excellent affinity for PSMA, NAALADaseL, and specific mGluRs associated with poor prognosis.
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7
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Bím D, Navrátil M, Gutten O, Konvalinka J, Kutil Z, Culka M, Navrátil V, Alexandrova AN, Bařinka C, Rulíšek L. Predicting Effects of Site-Directed Mutagenesis on Enzyme Kinetics by QM/MM and QM Calculations: A Case of Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:132-143. [PMID: 34978450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantum and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) and QM-only (cluster model) modeling techniques represent the two workhorses in mechanistic understanding of enzyme catalysis. One of the stringent tests for QM/MM and/or QM approaches is to provide quantitative answers to real-world biochemical questions, such as the effect of single-point mutations on enzyme kinetics. This translates into predicting the relative activation energies to 1-2 kcal·mol-1 accuracy; such predictions can be used for the rational design of novel enzyme variants with desired/improved characteristics. Herein, we employ glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), a dizinc metallopeptidase, also known as the prostate specific membrane antigen, as a model system. The structure and activity of this major cancer antigen have been thoroughly studied, both experimentally and computationally, which makes it an ideal model system for method development. Its reaction mechanism is quite well understood: the reaction coordinate comprises a "tetrahedral intermediate" and two transition states and experimental activation Gibbs free energy of ∼17.5 kcal·mol-1 can be inferred for the known kcat ≈ 1 s-1. We correlate experimental kinetic data (including the E424H variant, newly characterized in this work) for various GCPII mutants (kcat = 8.6 × 10-5 s-1 to 2.7 s-1) with the energy profiles calculated by QM/MM and QM-only (cluster model) approaches. We show that the near-quantitative agreement between the experimental values and the calculated activation energies (ΔH⧧) can be obtained and recommend the combination of the two protocols: QM/MM optimized structures and cluster model (QM) energetics. The trend in relative activation energies is mostly independent of the QM method (DFT functional) used. Last but not least, a satisfactory correlation between experimental and theoretical data allows us to provide qualitative and fairly simple explanations of the observed kinetic effects which are thus based on a rigorous footing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bím
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Michal Navrátil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Gutten
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Konvalinka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 2120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zsófia Kutil
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Culka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Navrátil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Cyril Bařinka
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Rulíšek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
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8
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Siow A, Tasma Z, Walker CS, Brimble MA, Harris PWR. Synthesis and development of seven-membered constrained cyclic urea based PSMA inhibitors via RCM. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01016j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular ring-closing metathesis on an N,N-diallyl Glu-urea-Gly substrate affords 7-membered cyclic ureas as inhibitors of prostrate specific membrane antigen (PMSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Siow
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Zoe Tasma
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Christopher S. Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Paul. W. R. Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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9
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Hu Q, Padron K, Hara D, Shi J, Pollack A, Prabhakar R, Tao W. Interactions of Urea-Based Inhibitors with Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:33354-33369. [PMID: 34926886 PMCID: PMC8674901 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, molecular interactions of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) with five chemically distinct urea-based boron-containing inhibitors have been investigated at the atomic level using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The PSMA-inhibitor complexations have been analyzed by comparing their binding modes, secondary structures, root-mean-square deviations, noncovalent interactions, principal components, and binding free energies. PSMA is a cell surface glycoprotein upregulated in cancerous cells and can be targeted by boron-labeled inhibitors for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The effective BNCT requires the selective boron delivery to the tumor area and highly specific PSMA-mediated cellular uptake by tumor. Thus, a potent inhibitor must exhibit both high binding affinity and high boron density. The computational results suggest that the chemical nature of inhibitors affects the binding mode and their association with PSMA is primarily dominated by hydrogen bonding, salt bridge, electrostatic, and π-π interactions. The binding free energies (-28.0, -15.2, -43.9, -23.2, and -38.2 kcal/mol) calculated using λ-dynamics for all inhibitors (In1-5) predict preferential binding that is in accordance with experimental data. Among all inhibitors, In5 was found to be the best candidate for BNCT. The binding of this inhibitor to PSMA preserved its overall secondary structure. These results provide computational insights into the coordination flexibility of PSMA and its interaction with various inhibitors. They can be used for the design and synthesis of efficient BNCT agents with improved drug selectivity and high boron percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Kevin Padron
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Daiki Hara
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami
Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Junwei Shi
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami
Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Alan Pollack
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami
Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Rajeev Prabhakar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Wensi Tao
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami
Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
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10
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El Fakiri M, Geis NM, Ayada N, Eder M, Eder AC. PSMA-Targeting Radiopharmaceuticals for Prostate Cancer Therapy: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163967. [PMID: 34439121 PMCID: PMC8393521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary One of the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men is adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Once the disease is metastatic, only very limited treatment options are available, resulting in a very short median survival time of 13 months; however, this reality is gradually changing due to the discovery of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a protein that is present in cancerous prostate tissue. Researchers have developed pharmaceuticals specific for PSMA, ranging from antibodies (mAb) to low-molecular weight molecules coupled to beta minus and alpha-emitting radionuclides for their use in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). TRT offers the possibility of selectively removing cancer tissue via the emission of radiation or radioactive particles within the tumour. In this article, the major milestones in PSMA ligand research and the therapeutic developments are summarised, together with a future perspective on the enhancement of current therapeutic approaches. Abstract Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer among men, with 1.3 million yearly cases worldwide. Among those cancer-afflicted men, 30% will develop metastases and some will progress into metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), which is associated with a poor prognosis and median survival time that ranges from nine to 13 months. Nevertheless, the discovery of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a marker overexpressed in the majority of prostatic cancerous tissue, revolutionised PC care. Ever since, PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy has gained remarkable international visibility in translational oncology. Furthermore, on first clinical application, it has shown significant influence on therapeutic management and patient care in metastatic and hormone-refractory prostate cancer, a disease that previously had remained immedicable. In this article, we provide a general overview of the main milestones in the development of ligands for PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy, ranging from the firstly developed monoclonal antibodies to the current state-of-the-art low molecular weight entities conjugated with various radionuclides, as well as potential future efforts related to PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Fakiri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas M. Geis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nawal Ayada
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Eder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-270-74220
| | - Ann-Christin Eder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Smola M, Gutten O, Dejmek M, Kožíšek M, Evangelidis T, Tehrani ZA, Novotná B, Nencka R, Birkuš G, Rulíšek L, Boura E. Ligand Strain and Its Conformational Complexity Is a Major Factor in the Binding of Cyclic Dinucleotides to STING Protein. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10172-10178. [PMID: 33616279 PMCID: PMC8251555 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is a key regulator of innate immunity that has recently been recognized as a promising drug target. STING is activated by cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) which eventually leads to expression of type I interferons and other cytokines. Factors underlying the affinity of various CDN analogues are poorly understood. Herein, we correlate structural biology, isothermal calorimetry (ITC) and computational modeling to elucidate factors contributing to binding of six CDNs-three pairs of natural (ribo) and fluorinated (2'-fluororibo) 3',3'-CDNs. X-ray structural analyses of six {STING:CDN} complexes did not offer any explanation for the different affinities of the studied ligands. ITC showed entropy/enthalpy compensation up to 25 kcal mol-1 for this set of similar ligands. The higher affinities of fluorinated analogues are explained with help of computational methods by smaller loss of entropy upon binding and by smaller strain (free) energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Smola
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCBInstitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo náměstí 216610PragueCzech Republic
| | - Ondrej Gutten
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCBInstitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo náměstí 216610PragueCzech Republic
| | - Milan Dejmek
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCBInstitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo náměstí 216610PragueCzech Republic
| | - Milan Kožíšek
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCBInstitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo náměstí 216610PragueCzech Republic
| | - Thomas Evangelidis
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCBInstitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo náměstí 216610PragueCzech Republic
| | - Zahra Aliakbar Tehrani
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCBInstitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo náměstí 216610PragueCzech Republic
| | - Barbora Novotná
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCBInstitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo náměstí 216610PragueCzech Republic
| | - Radim Nencka
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCBInstitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo náměstí 216610PragueCzech Republic
| | - Gabriel Birkuš
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCBInstitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo náměstí 216610PragueCzech Republic
| | - Lubomír Rulíšek
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCBInstitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo náměstí 216610PragueCzech Republic
| | - Evzen Boura
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCBInstitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo náměstí 216610PragueCzech Republic
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12
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Ha H, Kwon H, Lim T, Jang J, Park SK, Byun Y. Inhibitors of prostate-specific membrane antigen in the diagnosis and therapy of metastatic prostate cancer - a review of patent literature. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:525-547. [PMID: 33459068 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1878145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), also known as glutamate carboxypeptidase II, is a potential target protein for imaging and treatment of patients with prostate cancer because of its overexpression during metastasis. Various PSMA-targeted imaging and therapeutic probes have been designed and synthesized based on the Lys-urea-Glu motif. Structural modifications have been made exclusively in the linker region, while maintaining the Lys-urea-Glu structure that interacts with S1 and S1' pockets. AREA COVERED This review includes WIPO-listed patents (from January 2017 to June 2020) reporting PSMA-targeted probes based on the Lys-urea-Glu or Glu-urea-Glu structure. EXPERT OPINION : PSMA-targeted imaging agents labeled with radionuclides such as fluorine-18, copper-64, gallium-68, and technetium-99m have been successfully translated into clinical phase for the early diagnosis of metastatic prostate cancer. Recently, PSMA-targeted therapeutic agents labeled with iodine-131, lutetium-177, astatine-211, and lead-212 have also been developed with notable progress. Most PSMA-targeted agents are based on the Lys-urea-Glu or Glu-urea-Glu structure, demonstrate strong PSMA-binding affinity in nanomolar range, and achieve diverse structural modifications in the non-pharmacophore pocket. By exploiting the S1 accessory pocket or the tunnel region of the PSMA active site, the in vivo efficacy and pharmacokinetic profiles of the PMSA-targeted agents can be effectively modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Ha
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Hongmok Kwon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Taehyeong Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Jaebong Jang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Song-Kyu Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, South Korea
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Smola M, Gutten O, Dejmek M, Kožíšek M, Evangelidis T, Tehrani ZA, Novotná B, Nencka R, Birkuš G, Rulíšek L, Boura E. Ligand Strain and Its Conformational Complexity Is a Major Factor in the Binding of Cyclic Dinucleotides to STING Protein. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Smola
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCB Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Gutten
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCB Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Milan Dejmek
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCB Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kožíšek
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCB Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Evangelidis
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCB Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zahra Aliakbar Tehrani
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCB Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Novotná
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCB Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Radim Nencka
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCB Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Gabriel Birkuš
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCB Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Rulíšek
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCB Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Boura
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCB Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
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Elsässer B, Goettig P. Mechanisms of Proteolytic Enzymes and Their Inhibition in QM/MM Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3232. [PMID: 33810118 PMCID: PMC8004986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence for enzymatic mechanisms is often scarce, and in many cases inadvertently biased by the employed methods. Thus, apparently contradictory model mechanisms can result in decade long discussions about the correct interpretation of data and the true theory behind it. However, often such opposing views turn out to be special cases of a more comprehensive and superior concept. Molecular dynamics (MD) and the more advanced molecular mechanical and quantum mechanical approach (QM/MM) provide a relatively consistent framework to treat enzymatic mechanisms, in particular, the activity of proteolytic enzymes. In line with this, computational chemistry based on experimental structures came up with studies on all major protease classes in recent years; examples of aspartic, metallo-, cysteine, serine, and threonine protease mechanisms are well founded on corresponding standards. In addition, experimental evidence from enzyme kinetics, structural research, and various other methods supports the described calculated mechanisms. One step beyond is the application of this information to the design of new and powerful inhibitors of disease-related enzymes, such as the HIV protease. In this overview, a few examples demonstrate the high potential of the QM/MM approach for sophisticated pharmaceutical compound design and supporting functions in the analysis of biomolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Goettig
- Structural Biology Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
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Felber VB, Valentin MA, Wester HJ. Design of PSMA ligands with modifications at the inhibitor part: an approach to reduce the salivary gland uptake of radiolabeled PSMA inhibitors? EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:10. [PMID: 33638060 PMCID: PMC7910394 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether modifications of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radiolabeled urea-based inhibitors could reduce salivary gland uptake and thus improve tumor-to-salivary gland ratios, several analogs of a high affinity PSMA ligand were synthesized and evaluated in in vitro and in vivo studies. METHODS Binding motifs were synthesized 'on-resin' or, when not practicable, in solution. Peptide chain elongations were performed according to optimized standard protocols via solid-phase peptide synthesis. In vitro experiments were performed using PSMA+ LNCaP cells. In vivo studies as well as μSPECT/CT scans were conducted with male LNCaP tumor xenograft-bearing CB17-SCID mice. RESULTS PSMA ligands with A) modifications within the central Zn2+-binding unit, B) proinhibitor motifs and C) substituents & bioisosteres of the P1'-γ-carboxylic acid were synthesized and evaluated. Modifications within the central Zn2+-binding unit of PSMA-10 (Glu-urea-Glu) provided three compounds. Thereof, only natLu-carbamate I (natLu-3) exhibited high affinity (IC50 = 7.1 ± 0.7 nM), but low tumor uptake (5.31 ± 0.94% ID/g, 1 h p.i. and 1.20 ± 0.55% ID/g, 24 h p.i.). All proinhibitor motif-based ligands (three in total) exhibited low binding affinities (> 1 μM), no notable internalization and very low tumor uptake (< 0.50% ID/g). In addition, four compounds with P1'-ɣ-carboxylate substituents were developed and evaluated. Thereof, only tetrazole derivative natLu-11 revealed high affinity (IC50 = 16.4 ± 3.8 nM), but also this inhibitor showed low tumor uptake (3.40 ± 0.63% ID/g, 1 h p.i. and 0.68 ± 0.16% ID/g, 24 h p.i.). Salivary gland uptake in mice remained at an equally low level for all compounds (between 0.02 ± 0.00% ID/g and 0.09 ± 0.03% ID/g), wherefore apparent tumor-to-submandibular gland and tumor-to-parotid gland ratios for the modified peptides were distinctly lower (factor 8-45) than for [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-10 at 24 h p.i. CONCLUSIONS The investigated compounds could not compete with the in vivo characteristics of the EuE-based PSMA inhibitor [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-10. Although two derivatives (3 and 11) were found to exhibit high affinities towards LNCaP cells, tumor uptake at 24 h p.i. was considerably low, while uptake in salivary glands remained unaffected. Optimization of the established animal model should be envisaged to enable a clear identification of PSMA-targeting radioligands with improved tumor-to-salivary gland ratios in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Barbara Felber
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Walther-Meißner-Str. 3, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Manuel Amando Valentin
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Walther-Meißner-Str. 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Walther-Meißner-Str. 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
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Kwon H, Lim H, Ha H, Choi D, Son SH, Nam H, Minn I, Byun Y. Structure-activity relationship studies of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitors derived from α-amino acid with (S)- or (R)-configuration at P1′ region. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Ioppolo JA, Nezich RA, Richardson KL, Morandeau L, Leedman PJ, Price RI. Direct in vivo comparison of [18F]PSMA-1007 with [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [18F]AlF-PSMA-11 in mice bearing PSMA-expressing xenografts. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 161:109164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Kim K, Kwon H, Barinka C, Motlova L, Nam S, Choi D, Ha H, Nam H, Son SH, Minn I, Pomper MG, Yang X, Kutil Z, Byun Y. Novel β- and γ-Amino Acid-Derived Inhibitors of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3261-3273. [PMID: 32097010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an excellent biomarker for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer progression and metastasis. The most promising PSMA-targeted agents in the clinical phase are based on the Lys-urea-Glu motif, in which Lys and Glu are α-(l)-amino acids. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of β- and γ-amino acids in the S1 pocket on the binding affinity for PSMA. We synthesized and evaluated the β- and γ-amino acid analogues with (S)- or (R)-configuration with keeping α-(l)-Glu as the S1'-binding pharmacophore. The structure-activity relationship studies identified that compound 13c, a β-amino acid analogue with (R)-configuration, exhibited the most potent PSMA inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 3.97 nM. The X-ray crystal structure of PSMA in complex with 13c provided a mechanistic basis for the stereochemical preference of PSMA, which can guide the development of future PSMA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyul Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongmok Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Cyril Barinka
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Motlova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - SangJin Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoung Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanhee Nam
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205 Maryland, United States
| | - Sang-Hyun Son
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Minn
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205 Maryland, United States
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205 Maryland, United States
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034 China
| | - Zsofia Kutil
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
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Tyrosine-based asymmetric urea ligand for prostate carcinoma: Tuning biological efficacy through in silico studies. Bioorg Chem 2019; 91:103154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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20
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Kwon H, Son S, Byun Y. Prostate‐Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA)‐Targeted Radionuclide Probes for Imaging and Therapy of Prostate Cancer. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmok Kwon
- College of PharmacyKorea University 2511 Sejong-ro Sejong 30019 South Korea
| | - Sang‐Hyun Son
- College of PharmacyKorea University 2511 Sejong-ro Sejong 30019 South Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of PharmacyKorea University 2511 Sejong-ro Sejong 30019 South Korea
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21
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Conjugates of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Ligands with Antitumor Drugs. Pharm Chem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-019-01994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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