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Zhang Y, Sang CY, Wang XR, Wang CB, Meng XH, Wang WF, Yang JL. Rapid evaluation of PHD2 inhibitory activity of natural products based on capillary electrophoresis online stacking strategy. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1236:124064. [PMID: 38430605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) is an important enzyme in the human body that perceives changes in oxygen concentration and regulates response in hypoxic environments. Evaluation of PHD2 inhibitory activity of natural products is crucial for drug development of hypoxia related diseases. At present, the detection of low concentration of α-ketoglutaric acid (the substrate of PHD2 enzymatic reaction) requires derivatization reactions or sample pretreatment, which undoubtedly increases the workload of PHD2 inhibitory activity evaluation. In this paper, a direct detection approach of α-ketoglutaric acid was established by using the online stacking strategy of capillary electrophoresis to evaluate the PHD2 inhibitory activity of natural products. Under optimized conditions, detection of a single sample can be achieved within 2 min. By calculation, the intraday precision RSD of the apparent electrophoretic mobility and peak areas of α-ketoglutaric acid are 0.92 % and 0.79 %, respectively, and the interday RSD were 1.27 % and 0.96 % respectively. The recoveries of the present approach were 97.9-105.2 %, and the LOQ and LOD were 2.0 μM and 5.0 μM, respectively. Furthermore, this approach was applied for the evaluation of inhibitory activity of PHD2 for 13 natural products, and PHD2 inhibitory activity of salvianolic acid A was firstly reported. The present work not only realizes evaluation of PHD2 inhibitory activity through direct detection of α-ketoglutaric acid, but also provides technical support for the discovery of potential drug molecules in hypoxia related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Sang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xing-Rong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Cheng-Bo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xian-Hua Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Wei-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Jun-Li Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Nsanzamahoro S, Wang CB, Wang WF, Yang JL. Screening of prolyl hydroxylase 2 inhibitors based on quantitative strategy of peptides. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1679:463411. [PMID: 35973337 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) is a key oxygen receptor regulating oxygen homeostasis in human body, and it is one of the important targets for drug research and development of hypoxia related diseases. In PHD2 enzymatic reaction, the structure of substrate (HIF-1α556-574) and product (hydroxylated HIF-1α) peptide only differ from one oxygen atom (MW>2000), which makes it a great challenge to separate them accurately and efficiently. In this work, the direct separation and detection of HIF-1α and hydroxylated HIF-1α has been firstly reported based on micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). Under optimized conditions, the intraday RSD of peak area and apparent electrophoretic mobility of hydroxylated HIF-1α were 1.87% and 0.81% respectively, and the interday RSD were 2.01% and 1.03% respectively. The LOD and LOQ of the MEKC method were 10 µM and 50 µM respectively, and the recoveries was 98.42-105.38%. Subsequently, the feasibility and accuracy of MEKC method to screen PHD2 inhibitors were confirmed by using roxadustat, and the IC50 (10.36 µM) and inhibitor type (competitive) were consistent with literature. Finally, the method was used to screen the PHD2 inhibitory activity of five traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). The present work not only overcomes the difficulties of direct quantitative detection of hydroxylated HIF-1α, but also provides technical support for exploring and discovering new drug leads for hypoxia-related diseases from complex matrix such as TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Stanislas Nsanzamahoro
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng-Bo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jun-Li Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Liu T, Abboud MI, Chowdhury R, Tumber A, Hardy AP, Lippl K, Lohans CT, Pires E, Wickens J, McDonough MA, West CM, Schofield CJ. Biochemical and biophysical analyses of hypoxia sensing prolyl hydroxylases from Dictyostelium discoideum and Toxoplasma gondii. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16545-16561. [PMID: 32934009 PMCID: PMC7864055 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In animals, the response to chronic hypoxia is mediated by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) that regulate the levels of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor α (HIFα). PHD homologues exist in other types of eukaryotes and prokaryotes where they act on non HIF substrates. To gain insight into the factors underlying different PHD substrates and properties, we carried out biochemical and biophysical studies on PHD homologues from the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum, and the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, both lacking HIF. The respective prolyl-hydroxylases (DdPhyA and TgPhyA) catalyze prolyl-hydroxylation of S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (Skp1), a reaction enabling adaptation to different dioxygen availability. Assays with full-length Skp1 substrates reveal substantial differences in the kinetic properties of DdPhyA and TgPhyA, both with respect to each other and compared with human PHD2; consistent with cellular studies, TgPhyA is more active at low dioxygen concentrations than DdPhyA. TgSkp1 is a DdPhyA substrate and DdSkp1 is a TgPhyA substrate. No cross-reactivity was detected between DdPhyA/TgPhyA substrates and human PHD2. The human Skp1 E147P variant is a DdPhyA and TgPhyA substrate, suggesting some retention of ancestral interactions. Crystallographic analysis of DdPhyA enables comparisons with homologues from humans, Trichoplax adhaerens, and prokaryotes, informing on differences in mobile elements involved in substrate binding and catalysis. In DdPhyA, two mobile loops that enclose substrates in the PHDs are conserved, but the C-terminal helix of the PHDs is strikingly absent. The combined results support the proposal that PHD homologues have evolved kinetic and structural features suited to their specific sensing roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongri Liu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martine I Abboud
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anthony Tumber
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P Hardy
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin Lippl
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elisabete Pires
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James Wickens
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christopher M West
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Holt‐Martyn JP, Chowdhury R, Tumber A, Yeh T, Abboud MI, Lippl K, Lohans CT, Langley GW, Figg W, McDonough MA, Pugh CW, Ratcliffe PJ, Schofield CJ. Structure-Activity Relationship and Crystallographic Studies on 4-Hydroxypyrimidine HIF Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:270-273. [PMID: 31751494 PMCID: PMC7496690 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The 2-oxoglutarate-dependent hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) are targets for treatment of a variety of diseases including anaemia. One PHD inhibitor is approved for use for the treatment of renal anaemia and others are in late stage clinical trials. The number of reported templates for PHD inhibition is limited. We report structure-activity relationship and crystallographic studies on a promising class of 4-hydroxypyrimidine-containing PHD inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. Holt‐Martyn
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Rasheduzzaman Chowdhury
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Anthony Tumber
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Tzu‐Lan Yeh
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Martine I. Abboud
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Kerstin Lippl
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Christopher T. Lohans
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Gareth W. Langley
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - William Figg
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Michael A. McDonough
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | | | - Peter J. Ratcliffe
- NDM Research BuildingUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 7FZUK
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonNW1 1ATUK
| | - Christopher J. Schofield
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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