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Nagy-Fazekas D, Fazekas Z, Taricska N, Stráner P, Karancsiné Menyhárd D, Perczel A. Inhibitor Design Strategy for Myostatin: Dynamics and Interaction Networks Define the Affinity and Release Mechanisms of the Inhibited Complexes. Molecules 2023; 28:5655. [PMID: 37570625 PMCID: PMC10420283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin, an important negative regulator of muscle mass, is a therapeutic target for muscle atrophic disorders such as muscular dystrophy. Thus, the inhibition of myostatin presents a strategy to treat these disorders. It has long been established that the myostatin prodomain is a strong inhibitor of the mature myostatin, and the minimum peptide of the prodomain-corresponding to the α1-helix of its lasso-region-responsible for the inhibitory efficiency was defined and characterized as well. Here we show that the minimum peptide segment based on the growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), which we found to be more helical in its stand-alone solvated stfate than the similar segment of myostatin, is a promising new base scaffold for inhibitor design. The proposed inhibitory peptides in their solvated state and in complex with the mature myostatin were analyzed by in silico molecule modeling supplemented with the electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy measurements. We defined the Gaussian-Mahalanobis mean score to measure the fraction of dihedral angle-pairs close to the desired helical region of the Ramachandran-plot, carried out RING analysis of the peptide-protein interaction networks and characterized the internal motions of the complexes using our rigid-body segmentation protocol. We identified a variant-11m2-that is sufficiently ordered both in solvent and within the inhibitory complex, forms a high number of contacts with the binding-pocket and induces such changes in its internal dynamics that lead to a rigidified, permanently locked conformation that traps this peptide in the binding site. We also showed that the naturally evolved α1-helix has been optimized to simultaneously fulfill two very different roles: to function as a strong binder as well as a good leaving group. It forms an outstanding number of non-covalent interactions with the mature core of myostatin and maintains the most ordered conformation within the complex, while it induces independent movement of the gate-keeper β-hairpin segment assisting the dissociation and also results in the least-ordered solvated form which provides extra stability for the dissociated state and discourages rebinding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Nagy-Fazekas
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (D.N.-F.)
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Fazekas
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (D.N.-F.)
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Taricska
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (D.N.-F.)
- ELKH-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Stráner
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (D.N.-F.)
- ELKH-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Karancsiné Menyhárd
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (D.N.-F.)
- ELKH-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Perczel
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (D.N.-F.)
- ELKH-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Okamoto H, Murano SA, Ikekawa K, Katsuyama M, Konno S, Taguchi A, Takayama K, Taniguchi A, Hayashi Y. Inactivation of myostatin by photooxygenation using functionalized d-peptides. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:386-392. [PMID: 36846372 PMCID: PMC9945861 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00425a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of myostatin is an attractive strategy for the treatment of muscular atrophic diseases such as muscular dystrophy. For the efficient inhibition of myostatin, functionalized peptides were developed by the conjugation of a 16-mer myostatin-binding d-peptide with a photooxygenation catalyst. These peptides induced myostatin-selective photooxygenation and inactivation under near-infrared irradiation, and were associated with little cytotoxicity or phototoxicity. The peptides are resistant to enzymatic digestion due to their d-peptide chains. These properties could contribute to the in vivo use of photooxygenation-based inactivation strategies targeting myostatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Okamoto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Shuko Amber Murano
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Kaoru Ikekawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Masahiro Katsuyama
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Sho Konno
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Akihiro Taguchi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Kentaro Takayama
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University 5 Misasaginakauchi-cho, Yamashina Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Taniguchi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
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Takayama K. Peptide Tool-Driven Functional Elucidation of Biomolecules Related to Endocrine System and Metabolism. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:413-419. [PMID: 35650039 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The enhancement of basic research based on biomolecule-derived peptides has the potential to elucidate their biological function and lead to the development of new drugs. In this review, two biomolecules, namely "neuromedin U (NMU)" and "myostatin," are discussed. NMU, a neuropeptide first isolated from the porcine spinal cord, non-selectively activates two types of receptors (NMUR1 and NMUR2) and displays a variety of physiological actions, including appetite suppression. The development of receptor-selective regulators helps elucidate each receptor's detailed biological roles. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study was conducted to achieve this purpose using the amidated C-terminal core structure of NMU for receptor activation. Through obtaining receptor-selective hexapeptide agonists, molecular functions of the core structure were clarified. Myostatin is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth and has attracted attention as a target for treating atrophic muscle disorders. Although the protein inhibitors, such as antibodies and receptor-decoys have been developed, the inhibition by smaller molecules, including peptides, is less advanced. Focusing on the inactivation mechanism by prodomain proteins derived from myostatin-precursor, a first mid-sized α-helical myostatin-inhibitory peptide (23-mer) was identified from the mouse sequence. The detailed SAR study based on this peptide afforded the structural requirements for effective inhibition. The subsequent computer simulation proposed the docking mode at the activin type I receptor binding site of myostatin. The resulting development of potent inhibitors suggested the existence of a more appropriate binding mode linked to their β-sheet forming properties, suggesting that further investigations might be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Takayama
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
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Takayama K, Hitachi K, Okamoto H, Saitoh M, Odagiri M, Ohfusa R, Shimada T, Taguchi A, Taniguchi A, Tsuchida K, Hayashi Y. Development of Myostatin Inhibitory d-Peptides to Enhance the Potency, Increasing Skeletal Muscle Mass in Mice. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:492-498. [PMID: 35300091 PMCID: PMC8919388 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin is a key negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth, and myostatin inhibitors are attractive tools for the treatment of muscular atrophy. Previously, we reported a series of 14-29-mer peptide myostatin inhibitors, including a potent derivative, MIPE-1686, a 16-mer N-terminal-free l-peptide with three unnatural amino acids and a propensity to form β-sheets. However, the in vivo biological stability of MIPE-1686 is a concern for its development as a drug. In the present study, to develop a more stable myostatin inhibitory d-peptide (MID), we synthesized various retro-inverso versions of a 16-mer peptide. Among these, an arginine-containing derivative, MID-35, shows a potent and equivalent in vitro myostatin inhibitory activity equivalent to that of MIPE-1686 and considerable stability against biodegradation. The in vivo potency of MID-35 to increase the tibialis anterior muscle mass in mice is significantly enhanced over that of MIPE-1686, and MID-35 can serve as a new entity for the prolonged inactivation of myostatin in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Takayama
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.,Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hitachi
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okamoto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mariko Saitoh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Miki Odagiri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Rina Ohfusa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimada
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Akihiro Taguchi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Taniguchi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Asari T, Ikeyama H, Taguchi A, Taniguchi A, Hayashi Y, Takayama K. Proposal for the binding mode of the 23-mer inhibitory peptide to myostatin. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 40:116181. [PMID: 33957441 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of myostatin is a promising strategy for the treatment of amyotrophic disorders. Previously, we identified a minimum 23-mer peptide spanning positions 21-43 of a mouse myostatin precursor-derived prodomain and identified the nine key residues for effective myostatin inhibition through Ala scanning. We also reported the 23-mer peptides that show the propensity to form an α-helical structure around positions 32-36. Here, based on these findings, we conducted a docking simulation of a peptide-myostatin interaction. The results showed that by α-helix restraint docking of the 30-41 main chain, we obtained a proposed binding mode in which all nine of the key residues interact with myostatin. By analyzing the binding mode of four proposed docking models, we identified six of the myostatin residues that play an important role in the interaction with the peptide. This result provides a valuable insight into the relationship between myostatin and peptide interaction sites and may help in the design of future inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Asari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikeyama
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Akihiro Taguchi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Taniguchi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takayama
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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Okamoto H, Taniguchi A, Usami S, Katsuyama M, Konno S, Taguchi A, Takayama K, Hayashi Y. Development of functionalized peptides for efficient inhibition of myostatin by selective photooxygenation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:199-207. [PMID: 33174572 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02042g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the inhibition of myostatin, which is an attractive strategy for the treatment of muscle atrophic disorders including muscular dystrophy, myostatin-binding peptides were synthesized with an on/off-switchable photooxygenation catalyst at different positions on the peptide chain. These functionalized peptides oxygenated and inactivated myostatin upon irradiation with near-infrared light. Among the peptides tested, a peptide (5) with the catalyst moiety at the 16 position induced myostatin-selective photooxygenation, and efficiently inhibited myostatin. These peptides exhibited low phototoxicity. Such functionalized peptides would provide a precedented strategy for myostatin-targeting therapy, in which myostatin is irreversibly and catalytically inactivated by photooxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Okamoto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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Esposito P, Verzola D, La Porta E, Milanesi S, Grignano MA, Avella A, Gregorini M, Abelli M, Ticozzelli E, Rampino T, Garibotto G. Myostatin in the Arterial Wall of Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 27:1039-1052. [PMID: 32173683 PMCID: PMC7585912 DOI: 10.5551/jat.51144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Myostatin (Mstn) has been described as a trigger for the progression of atherosclerosis. In this study, we evaluated the role of Mstn in arterial remodeling in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). METHODS Vascular specimens were collected from 16 ESRD patients (56.4±7.9 years) undergoing renal transplant (recipients) and 15 deceased kidney non-uremic donors (55.4±12.1 years). We studied gene and protein expression of Mstn, ubiquitin ligases, Atrogin-1, and muscle ring finger protein-1 (MuRF-1), inflammatory marker CCL2, cytoskeleton components, and Klotho by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, we assessed vascular calcification and collagen deposition. Finally, we studied the effects of recombinant Mstn on rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs, A7r5) and evaluated the effects of uremic serum (US) on primary human VSMCs. RESULTS Myostatin mRNA was upregulated in the arterial vascular wall of recipients compared with donors (~15- folds, p<0.05). This response was accompanied by the upregulation of gene expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 (+2.5- and +10-fold) and CCL2 (+3-fold). Conversely, we found downregulation of protein expression of Smoothelin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, and Klotho (-85%, -50%, -70%, and -80%, respectively; p<0.05) and gene expression of vimentin and Klotho. Exposition of A7r5 to Mstn induced a time-dependent SMAD 2/SMAD 3 phosphorylation and expression of collagen-1 and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) mRNA, while US induced overexpression of Mstn and Atrogin-1 and downregulation of Smoothelin and Klotho. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that uremia might induce vascular Mstn gene expression together with a complex pathway of molecular and structural changes in the vascular wall. Myostatin, in turn, can translate the metabolic alterations of uremia into profibrotic and stiffness inducing signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Esposito
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Clinics, Genoa University and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Address for correspondence: Pasquale Esposito, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Golgi 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy E-mail:
| | - Daniela Verzola
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Clinics, Genoa University and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Edoardo La Porta
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Clinics, Genoa University and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Samantha Milanesi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Clinics, Genoa University and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Grignano
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Avella
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marilena Gregorini
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Abelli
- Service of Surgery, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Ticozzelli
- Service of Surgery, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Teresa Rampino
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Garibotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Clinics, Genoa University and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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Physical Exercise and Myokines: Relationships with Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103607. [PMID: 32443765 PMCID: PMC7279354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is capable of secreting different factors in order to communicate with other tissues. These mediators, the myokines, show potentially far-reaching effects on non-muscle tissues and can provide a molecular interaction between muscle and body physiology. Sarcopenia is a chronic degenerative neuromuscular disease closely related to cardiomyopathy and chronic heart failure, which influences the production and release of myokines. Our objective was to explore the relationship between myokines, sarcopenia, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine actions of myokines include regulation of energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, lipolysis, free fatty acid oxidation, adipocyte browning, glycogenolysis, glycogenesis, and general metabolism. A sedentary lifestyle accelerates the aging process and is a risk factor for developing sarcopenia, metabolic syndrome, and CVD. Increased adipose tissue resulting from the decrease in muscle mass in patients with sarcopenia may also be involved in the pathology of CVD. Myokines are protagonists in the complex condition of sarcopenia, which is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with CVD. The discovery of new pathways and the link between myokines and CVD remain a cornerstone toward multifaceted interventions and perhaps the minimization of the damage resulting from muscle loss induced by factors such as atherosclerosis.
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Thevis M, Walpurgis K, Thomas A, Geyer H. Peptidic drugs and drug candidates in sports drug testing: agents affecting mitochondrial biogenesis or preventing activin receptor II activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Takayama K, Asari T, Saitoh M, Nirasawa K, Sasaki E, Roppongi Y, Nakamura A, Saga Y, Shimada T, Ikeyama H, Taguchi A, Taniguchi A, Negishi Y, Hayashi Y. Chain-Shortened Myostatin Inhibitory Peptides Improve Grip Strength in Mice. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:985-990. [PMID: 31223459 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of myostatin is a promising strategy for treatment of muscle atrophic disorders. We had already identified a 23-mer peptide (1) as a synthetic myostatin inhibitor, and structure-activity relationship studies with 1 afforded a potent 22-mer peptide derivative (3). Herein, we report the shortest myostatin inhibitory peptide so far. Among chain-shortened 16-mer peptidic inhibitors derived from the C-terminal region of 3, peptide inhibitor 8a with β-sheet propensity was twice as potent as 22-mer inhibitor 3 and significantly increased not only muscle mass but also hind limb grip strength in Duchenne muscular dystrophic model mice. These results suggest that 8a is a promising platform for drug development treating muscle atrophic disorders.
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