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Nolsøe JMJ, Underhaug J, Sørskar ÅM, Antonsen SG, Malterud KE, Gani O, Fan Q, Hjorth M, Sæther T, Hansen TV, Stenstrøm YH. Biological Evaluations, NMR Analyses, Molecular Modeling Studies, and Overview of the Synthesis of the Marine Natural Product (-)-Mucosin. Molecules 2024; 29:994. [PMID: 38474506 PMCID: PMC10933799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural products obtained from marine organisms continue to be a rich source of novel structural architecture and of importance in drug discovery, medicine, and health. However, the success of such endeavors depends on the exact structural elucidation and access to sufficient material, often by stereoselective total synthesis, of the isolated natural product of interest. (-)-Mucosin (1), a fatty acid derivative, previously presumed to contain a rare cis-bicyclo[4.3.0]non-3-ene moiety, has since been shown to be the trans-congener. Analytically, the fused bicyclic ring system in (-)-1 constitutes a particular challenge in order to establish its relative and absolute stereochemistry. Herein, data from biological evaluations, NMR and molecular modeling studies of (-)-1 are presented. An overview of the synthetic strategies enabling the exact structural elucidation of (-)-mucosin (1) is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens M. J. Nolsøe
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1433 Ås, Norway; (J.M.J.N.); (T.V.H.)
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, P.O. Box 1490, NO-8049 Bodø, Norway
| | - Jarl Underhaug
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Åshild Moi Sørskar
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway; (Å.M.S.); (K.E.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Simen Gjelseth Antonsen
- Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Oslo Metropolitan University, NO-0130 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Karl E. Malterud
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway; (Å.M.S.); (K.E.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Osman Gani
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway; (Å.M.S.); (K.E.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Qiong Fan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway; (Q.F.); (M.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Marit Hjorth
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway; (Q.F.); (M.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Thomas Sæther
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway; (Q.F.); (M.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Trond V. Hansen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1433 Ås, Norway; (J.M.J.N.); (T.V.H.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway; (Å.M.S.); (K.E.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Yngve H. Stenstrøm
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1433 Ås, Norway; (J.M.J.N.); (T.V.H.)
- Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Oslo Metropolitan University, NO-0130 Oslo, Norway;
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Aloke C, Iwuchukwu EA, Achilonu I. Exploiting Copaifera salikounda compounds as treatment against diabetes: An insight into their potential targets from a computational perspective. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 104:107851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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D’Aniello E, Amodeo P, Vitale RM. Marine Natural and Nature-Inspired Compounds Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs). Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020089. [PMID: 36827130 PMCID: PMC9966990 DOI: 10.3390/md21020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α, γ and β/δ (PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ) are a family of ligand-activated transcriptional factors belonging to the superfamily of nuclear receptors regulating the expression of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, energy homeostasis, inflammation, and the immune response. For this reason, they represent attractive targets for the treatment of a variety of metabolic diseases and, more recently, for neurodegenerative disorders due to their emerging neuroprotective effects. The degree of activation, from partial to full, along with the selectivity toward the different isoforms, greatly affect the therapeutic efficacy and the safety profile of PPAR agonists. Thus, there is a high interest toward novel scaffolds with proper combinations of activity and selectivity. This review intends to provide an overview of the discovery, optimization, and structure-activity relationship studies on PPAR modulators from marine sources, along with the structural and computational studies that led to their identification and/or elucidation, and rationalization of their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico D’Aniello
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Amodeo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (R.M.V.)
| | - Rosa Maria Vitale
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (R.M.V.)
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Development of Heterocyclic PPAR Ligands for Potential Therapeutic Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102139. [PMID: 36297575 PMCID: PMC9611956 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ) is a set of ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate different functions in the body. Whereas activation of PPARα is known to reduce the levels of circulating triglycerides and regulate energy homeostasis, the activation of PPARγ brings about insulin sensitization and increases the metabolism of glucose. On the other hand, PPARβ when activated increases the metabolism of fatty acids. Further, these PPARs have been claimed to be utilized in various metabolic, neurological, and inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, fertility or reproduction, pain, and obesity. A series of different heterocyclic scaffolds have been synthesized and evaluated for their ability to act as PPAR agonists. This review is a compilation of efforts on the part of medicinal chemists around the world to find novel compounds that may act as PPAR ligands along with patents in regards to PPAR ligands. The structure-activity relationship, as well as docking studies, have been documented to better understand the mechanistic investigations of various compounds, which will eventually aid in the design and development of new PPAR ligands. From the results of the structural activity relationship through the pharmacological and in silico evaluation the potency of heterocycles as PPAR ligands can be described in terms of their hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and other interactions with PPAR.
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Schaffert A, Karkossa I, Ueberham E, Schlichting R, Walter K, Arnold J, Blüher M, Heiker JT, Lehmann J, Wabitsch M, Escher BI, von Bergen M, Schubert K. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate substitutes accelerate human adipogenesis through PPARγ activation and cause oxidative stress and impaired metabolic homeostasis in mature adipocytes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 164:107279. [PMID: 35567983 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The obesity pandemic is presumed to be accelerated by endocrine disruptors such as phthalate-plasticizers, which interfere with adipose tissue function. With the restriction of the plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), the search for safe substitutes gained importance. Focusing on the master regulator of adipogenesis and adipose tissue functionality, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), we evaluated 20 alternative plasticizers as well as their metabolites for binding to and activation of PPARγ and assessed effects on adipocyte lipid accumulation. Among several compounds that showed interaction with PPARγ, the metabolites MINCH, MHINP, and OH-MPHP of the plasticizers DINCH, DINP, and DPHP exerted the highest adipogenic potential in human adipocytes. These metabolites and their parent plasticizers were further analyzed in human preadipocytes and mature adipocytes using cellular assays and global proteomics. In preadipocytes, the plasticizer metabolites significantly increased lipid accumulation, enhanced leptin and adipsin secretion, and upregulated adipogenesis-associated markers and pathways, in a similar pattern to the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. Proteomics of mature adipocytes revealed that both, the plasticizers and their metabolites, induced oxidative stress, disturbed lipid storage, impaired metabolic homeostasis, and led to proinflammatory and insulin resistance promoting adipokine secretion. In conclusion, the plasticizer metabolites enhanced preadipocyte differentiation, at least partly mediated by PPARγ activation and, together with their parent plasticizers, affected the functionality of mature adipocytes similar to reported effects of a high-fat diet. This highlights the need to further investigate the currently used plasticizer alternatives for potential associations with obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schaffert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabel Karkossa
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elke Ueberham
- Department of GMP Process Development / ATMP Design, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rita Schlichting
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina Walter
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josi Arnold
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Leipzig, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany; Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany; Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.
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Fan Q, Nørgaard RC, Grytten I, Ness CM, Lucas C, Vekterud K, Soedling H, Matthews J, Lemma RB, Gabrielsen OS, Bindesbøll C, Ulven SM, Nebb HI, Grønning-Wang LM, Sæther T. LXRα Regulates ChREBPα Transactivity in a Target Gene-Specific Manner through an Agonist-Modulated LBD-LID Interaction. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051214. [PMID: 32414201 PMCID: PMC7290792 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cholesterol-sensing nuclear receptor liver X receptor (LXR) and the glucose-sensing transcription factor carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) are central players in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver. More knowledge of their mechanistic interplay is needed to understand their role in pathological conditions like fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. In the current study, LXR and ChREBP co-occupancy was examined by analyzing ChIP-seq datasets from mice livers. LXR and ChREBP interaction was determined by Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) and their transactivity was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of target genes and gene reporter assays. Chromatin binding capacity was determined by ChIP-qPCR assays. Our data show that LXRα and ChREBPα interact physically and show a high co-occupancy at regulatory regions in the mouse genome. LXRα co-activates ChREBPα and regulates ChREBP-specific target genes in vitro and in vivo. This co-activation is dependent on functional recognition elements for ChREBP but not for LXR, indicating that ChREBPα recruits LXRα to chromatin in trans. The two factors interact via their key activation domains; the low glucose inhibitory domain (LID) of ChREBPα and the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of LXRα. While unliganded LXRα co-activates ChREBPα, ligand-bound LXRα surprisingly represses ChREBPα activity on ChREBP-specific target genes. Mechanistically, this is due to a destabilized LXRα:ChREBPα interaction, leading to reduced ChREBP-binding to chromatin and restricted activation of glycolytic and lipogenic target genes. This ligand-driven molecular switch highlights an unappreciated role of LXRα in responding to nutritional cues that was overlooked due to LXR lipogenesis-promoting function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Fan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (Q.F.); (K.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Rikke Christine Nørgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (R.C.N.); (C.M.N.); (C.L.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (S.M.U.); (H.I.N.); (L.M.G.-W.)
| | - Ivar Grytten
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Cecilie Maria Ness
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (R.C.N.); (C.M.N.); (C.L.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (S.M.U.); (H.I.N.); (L.M.G.-W.)
| | - Christin Lucas
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (R.C.N.); (C.M.N.); (C.L.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (S.M.U.); (H.I.N.); (L.M.G.-W.)
| | - Kristin Vekterud
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (Q.F.); (K.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Helen Soedling
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (R.C.N.); (C.M.N.); (C.L.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (S.M.U.); (H.I.N.); (L.M.G.-W.)
| | - Jason Matthews
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (R.C.N.); (C.M.N.); (C.L.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (S.M.U.); (H.I.N.); (L.M.G.-W.)
| | - Roza Berhanu Lemma
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (R.B.L.); (O.S.G.)
| | - Odd Stokke Gabrielsen
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (R.B.L.); (O.S.G.)
| | - Christian Bindesbøll
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (Q.F.); (K.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Stine Marie Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (R.C.N.); (C.M.N.); (C.L.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (S.M.U.); (H.I.N.); (L.M.G.-W.)
| | - Hilde Irene Nebb
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (R.C.N.); (C.M.N.); (C.L.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (S.M.U.); (H.I.N.); (L.M.G.-W.)
| | - Line Mariann Grønning-Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (R.C.N.); (C.M.N.); (C.L.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (S.M.U.); (H.I.N.); (L.M.G.-W.)
| | - Thomas Sæther
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (Q.F.); (K.V.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-22-851510
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