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SnAr Reactions of 2,4-Diazidopyrido[3,2- d]pyrimidine and Azide-Tetrazole Equilibrium Studies of the Obtained 5-Substituted Tetrazolo[1,5- a]pyrido[2,3- e]pyrimidines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227675. [PMID: 36431776 PMCID: PMC9698326 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A straightforward method for the synthesis of 5-substituted tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrido[2,3-e]pyrimidines from 2,4-diazidopyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine in SnAr reactions with N-, O-, and S- nucleophiles has been developed. The various N- and S-substituted products were obtained with yields from 47% to 98%, but the substitution with O-nucleophiles gave lower yields (20-32%). Furthermore, the fused tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives can be regarded as 2-azidopyrimidines and functionalized in copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) and Staudinger reactions due to the presence of a sufficient concentration of the reactive azide tautomer in solution. In total, seven products were fully characterized by their single crystal X-ray studies, while five of them were representatives of the tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrido[2,3-e]pyrimidine heterocyclic system. Equilibrium constants and thermodynamic values were determined using variable temperature 1H NMR and are in agreement of favoring the tetrazole tautomeric form (ΔG298 = -3.33 to -7.52 (kJ/mol), ΔH = -19.92 to -48.02 (kJ/mol) and ΔS = -43.74 to -143.27 (J/mol·K)). The key starting material 2,4-diazidopyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine presents a high degree of tautomerization in different solvents.
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Toselli F, Golding M, Nicolaï J, Gillent E, Chanteux H. Drug clearance by aldehyde oxidase: can we avoid clinical failure? Xenobiotica 2022; 52:890-903. [PMID: 36170034 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2129519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite increased awareness of aldehyde oxidase (AO) as a major drug-metabolising enzyme, predicting the pharmacokinetics of its substrates remains challenging. Several drug candidates have been terminated due to high clearance, which were subsequently discovered to be AO substrates. Even retrospective extrapolation of human clearance, from models more sensitive to AO activity, often resulted in underprediction.The questions of the current work thus were: Is there an acceptable degree of in vitro AO metabolism that does not result in high in vivo human clearance? And, if so, how can this be predicted?We built an in vitro/in vivo correlation using known AO substrates, combining multiple in vitro parameters to calculate the blood metabolic clearance mediated by AO (CLbAO). This value was compared with observed blood clearance (CLb-obs), establishing cut-off CLbAO values, to discriminate between low and high CLb-obs. The model was validated using additional literature compounds, and CLb-obs was predicted in the correct category.This simple, categorical, semi-quantitative yet multi-factorial model is readily applicable in drug discovery. Further, it is valuable for high-clearance compounds, as it predicts the CLb group, rather than an exact CLb value, for the substrates of this poorly-characterised enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johan Nicolaï
- Development Science, UCB Biopharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Eric Gillent
- Development Science, UCB Biopharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Hugues Chanteux
- Development Science, UCB Biopharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
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Cumming IA, Degorce SL, Aagaard A, Braybrooke EL, Davies NL, Diène CR, Eatherton AJ, Felstead HR, Groombridge SD, Lenz EM, Li Y, Nai Y, Pearson S, Robb GR, Scott JS, Steward OR, Wu C, Xue Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Identification and optimisation of a pyrimidopyridone series of IRAK4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 63:116729. [PMID: 35439688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we report the discovery of a series of pyrimidopyridones as inhibitors of IRAK4 kinase. From a previously disclosed 5-azaquinazoline series, we found that switching the pyridine ring for an N-substituted pyridone gave a novel hinge binding scaffold which retained potency against IRAK4. Importantly, introduction of the carbonyl established an internal hydrogen bond with the 4-NH, establishing a conformational lock and allowing truncation of the large basic substituent to a 1-methylcyclopyl group. Subsequent optimisation, facilitated by X-ray crystal structures, allowed identification of preferred substituents at both the pyridone core and pyrazole. Subsequent combinations of optimal groups allowed control of lipophilicity and identification of potent and selective inhibitors of IRAK4 with better in vitro permeability and lower clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain A Cumming
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom.
| | - Sébastien L Degorce
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Aagaard
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erin L Braybrooke
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Nichola L Davies
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Coura R Diène
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Eatherton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah R Felstead
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Sam D Groombridge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Eva M Lenz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Yunxia Li
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176 PR China
| | - Youfeng Nai
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176 PR China
| | - Stuart Pearson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme R Robb
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - James S Scott
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver R Steward
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Chengyan Wu
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176 PR China
| | - Yafeng Xue
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lanping Zhang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176 PR China
| | - Yanxiu Zhang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176 PR China
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