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Zhang K, Zhang YJ, Li M, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Wang S, Chen FE. Deciphering the enigmas of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs): A medicinal chemistry expedition towards combating HIV drug resistance. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 39188075 DOI: 10.1002/med.22080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The pivotal involvement of reverse transcriptase activity in the pathogenesis of the progressive HIV virus has stimulated gradual advancements in drug discovery initiatives spanning three decades. Consequently, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have emerged as a preeminent category of therapeutic agents for HIV management. Academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies have developed numerous NNRTIs, an essential component of antiretroviral therapy. Six NNRTIs have received Food and Drug Administration approval and are widely used in clinical practice, significantly improving the quality of HIV patients. However, the rapid emergence of drug resistance has limited the effectiveness of these medications, underscoring the necessity for perpetual research and development of novel therapeutic alternatives. To supplement the existing literatures on NNRTIs, a comprehensive review has been compiled to synthesize this extensive dataset into a comprehensible format for the medicinal chemistry community. In this review, a thorough investigation and meticulous analysis were conducted on the progressions achieved in NNRTIs within the past 8 years (2016-2023), and the experiences and insights gained in the development of inhibitors with varying chemical structures were also summarized. The provision of a crucial point of reference for the development of wide-ranging anti-HIV medications is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Du S, Hu X, Menéndez-Arias L, Zhan P, Liu X. Target-based drug design strategies to overcome resistance to antiviral agents: opportunities and challenges. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 73:101053. [PMID: 38301487 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections have a major impact in human health. Ongoing viral transmission and escalating selective pressure have the potential to favor the emergence of vaccine- and antiviral drug-resistant viruses. Target-based approaches for the design of antiviral drugs can play a pivotal role in combating drug-resistant challenges. Drug design computational tools facilitate the discovery of novel drugs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current drug design strategies employed in the field of antiviral drug resistance, illustrated through the description of a series of successful applications. These strategies include technologies that enhance compound-target affinity while minimizing interactions with mutated binding pockets. Furthermore, emerging approaches such as virtual screening, targeted protein/RNA degradation, and resistance analysis during drug design have been harnessed to curtail the emergence of drug resistance. Additionally, host targeting antiviral drugs offer a promising avenue for circumventing viral mutation. The widespread adoption of these refined drug design strategies will effectively address the prevailing challenge posed by antiviral drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xueping Hu
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Luis Menéndez-Arias
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China; China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China; China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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3
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Vanangamudi M, Palaniappan S, Kathiravan MK, Namasivayam V. Strategies in the Design and Development of Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs). Viruses 2023; 15:1992. [PMID: 37896769 PMCID: PMC10610861 DOI: 10.3390/v15101992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a potentially life-threatening infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To date, thousands of people have lost their lives annually due to HIV infection, and it continues to be a big public health issue globally. Since the discovery of the first drug, Zidovudine (AZT), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), to date, 30 drugs have been approved by the FDA, primarily targeting reverse transcriptase, integrase, and/or protease enzymes. The majority of these drugs target the catalytic and allosteric sites of the HIV enzyme reverse transcriptase. Compared to the NRTI family of drugs, the diverse chemical class of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) has special anti-HIV activity with high specificity and low toxicity. However, current clinical usage of NRTI and NNRTI drugs has limited therapeutic value due to their adverse drug reactions and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. To overcome drug resistance and efficacy issues, combination therapy is widely prescribed for HIV patients. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) includes more than one antiretroviral agent targeting two or more enzymes in the life cycle of the virus. Medicinal chemistry researchers apply different optimization strategies including structure- and fragment-based drug design, prodrug approach, scaffold hopping, molecular/fragment hybridization, bioisosterism, high-throughput screening, covalent-binding, targeting highly hydrophobic channel, targeting dual site, and multi-target-directed ligand to identify and develop novel NNRTIs with high antiviral activity against wild-type (WT) and mutant strains. The formulation experts design various delivery systems with single or combination therapies and long-acting regimens of NNRTIs to improve pharmacokinetic profiles and provide sustained therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Vanangamudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior 474005, Madhya Pradesh, India;
| | - Senthilkumar Palaniappan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamilnadu, India;
- Center for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Muthu Kumaradoss Kathiravan
- Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Research Lab, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamilnadu, India;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- LIED, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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Xie J, Long ZQ, Chen AQ, Ding YG, Liu ST, Zhou X, Liu LW, Yang S. Novel Sulfonamide Derivatives Containing a Piperidine Moiety as New Bactericide Leads for Managing Plant Bacterial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065861. [PMID: 36982936 PMCID: PMC10054644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant bacterial diseases are an intractable problem due to the fact that phytopathogens have acquired strong resistances for traditional pesticides, resulting in restricting the quality and yield of agricultural products around the world. To develop new agrochemical alternatives, we prepared a novel series of sulfanilamide derivatives containing piperidine fragments and assessed their antibacterial potency. The bioassay results revealed that most molecules displayed excellent in vitro antibacterial potency towards Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac). In particular, molecule C4 exhibited outstanding inhibitory activity toward Xoo with EC50 value of 2.02 µg mL-1, which was significantly better than those of the commercial agents bismerthiazol (EC50 = 42.38 µg mL-1) and thiodiazole copper (EC50 = 64.50 µg mL-1). A series of biochemical assays confirmed that compound C4 interacted with dihydropteroate synthase, and irreversibly damaged the cell membrane. In vivo assays showed that the molecule C4 presented acceptable curative and protection activities of 34.78% and 39.83%, respectively, at 200 µg mL-1, which were greater than those of thiodiazole and bismerthiazol. This study highlights the valuable insights for the excavation and development of new bactericides that can concurrently target dihydropteroate synthase and bacterial cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhou-Qing Long
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ai-Qun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ying-Guo Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shi-Tao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li-Wei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Song Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Zhou Z, Meng B, An J, Zhao F, Sun Y, Zeng D, Wang W, Gao S, Xia Y, Dun C, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Kang D, Liu X. Covalently Targeted Highly Conserved Tyr318 to Improve the Drug Resistance Profiles of HIV-1 NNRTIs: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021215. [PMID: 36674730 PMCID: PMC9865928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents proof of concept for designing a novel HIV-1 covalent inhibitor targeting the highly conserved Tyr318 in the HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors binding pocket to improve the drug resistance profiles. The target inhibitor ZA-2 with a fluorosulfate warhead in the structure was found to be a potent inhibitor (EC50 = 11-246 nM) against HIV-1 IIIB and a panel of NNRTIs-resistant strains, being far superior to those of NVP and EFV. Moreover, ZA-2 was demonstrated with lower cytotoxicity (CC50 = 125 µM). In the reverse transcriptase inhibitory assay, ZA-2 exhibited an IC50 value of 0.057 µM with the ELISA method, and the MALDI-TOF MS data demonstrated the covalent binding mode of ZA-2 with the enzyme. Additionally, the molecular simulations have also demonstrated that compounds can form covalent binding to the Tyr318.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Bairu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jiaqi An
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fabao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yanying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wenna Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shenghua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Caiyun Dun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peng Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
- China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
- China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
- China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (X.L.)
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6
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Deng C, Yan H, Wang J, Liu K, Liu BS, Shi YM. Current scenario on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (2018-present). ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Kumar A, Wahan SK, Virendra SA, Chawla PA. Recent Advances on the Role of Nitrogen‐Based Heterocyclic Scaffolds in Targeting HIV through Reverse Transcriptase Inhibition. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy GT Road Ghal Kalan Moga 142001 India
| | - Simranpreet K. Wahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy GT Road Ghal Kalan Moga 142001 India
| | - Sharma Arvind Virendra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy GT Road Ghal Kalan Moga 142001 India
| | - Pooja A. Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy GT Road Ghal Kalan Moga 142001 India
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Martín-Alonso S, Kang D, Martínez Del Río J, Luczkowiak J, Frutos-Beltrán E, Zhang L, Cheng X, Liu X, Zhan P, Menéndez-Arias L. Novel RNase H Inhibitors Blocking RNA-directed Strand Displacement DNA Synthesis by HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167507. [PMID: 35217069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In retroviruses, strand displacement DNA-dependent DNA polymerization catalyzed by the viral reverse transcriptase (RT) is required to synthesize double-stranded proviral DNA. In addition, strand displacement during RNA-dependent DNA synthesis is critical to generate high-quality cDNA for use in molecular biology and biotechnology. In this work, we show that the loss of RNase H activity due to inactivating mutations in HIV-1 RT (e.g. D443N or E478Q) has no significant effect on strand displacement while copying DNA templates, but has a large impact on DNA polymerization in reactions carried out with RNA templates. Similar effects were observed with β-thujaplicinol and other RNase H active site inhibitors, including compounds with dual activity (i.e., characterized also as inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase and/or the RT DNA polymerase). Among them, dual inhibitors of HIV-1 RT DNA polymerase/RNase H activities, containing a 7-hydroxy-6-nitro-2H-chromen-2-one pharmacophore were found to be very potent and effective strand displacement inhibitors in RNA-dependent DNA polymerization reactions. These findings might be helpful in the development of transcriptomics technologies to obtain more uniform read coverages when copying long RNAs and for the construction of more representative libraries avoiding biases towards 5' and 3' ends, while providing valuable information for the development of novel antiretroviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Martín-Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Javier Martínez Del Río
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joanna Luczkowiak
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estrella Frutos-Beltrán
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Xiqiang Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
| | - Luis Menéndez-Arias
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Sinha AK, Equbal D, Rastogi SK, Kumar S, Kumar R. An overview on Indole aryl sulfide/sulfone (IAS) as anti‐HIV non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Sinha
- CSIR-CDRI (Central Drug Research Institute) Medicinal and Process Chemistry Sitapur Road 226031 Lucknow INDIA
| | | | - Sumit K. Rastogi
- CSIR-CDRI: Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and Process Chemistry INDIA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- CSIR-CDRI: Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and process chemistry INDIA
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- CSIR-CDRI: Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and process chemistry INDIA
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Xu S, Song S, Sun L, Gao P, Gao S, Ma Y, Kang D, Cheng Y, Zhang X, Cherukupalli S, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Liu X, Zhan P. Indolylarylsulfones bearing phenylboronic acid and phenylboronate ester functionalities as potent HIV‑1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 53:116531. [PMID: 34890994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
To explore the chemical space around the entrance channel of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) binding pocket, we innovatively designed and synthesized a series of novel indolylarylsulfones (IASs) bearing phenylboronic acid and phenylboronate ester functionalities at the indole-2-carboxamide as new HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) through structure-based drug design. All the newly synthesized compounds exhibited excellent to moderate potency against wild-type (WT) HIV-1 with EC50 values ranging from 6.7 to 42.6 nM. Among all, (3-ethylphenyl)boronic acid substituted indole-2-carboxamide and (4-ethylphenyl) boronate ester substituted indole-2-carboxamide were found to be the most potent inhibitors (EC50 = 8.5 nM, SI = 3310; EC50 = 6.7 nM, SI = 3549, respectively). Notably, (3-ethylphenyl)boronic acid substituted indole-2-carboxamide maintained excellent activities against the single HIV-1 mutants L100I (EC50 = 7.3 nM), K103N (EC50 = 9.2 nM), as well as the double mutant V106A/F227L (EC50 = 21.1 nM). Preliminary SARs and molecular modelling studies are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shu Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shenghua Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yusen Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xujie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Srinivasulu Cherukupalli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China; China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China; China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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