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Huang S, Lu H, Chen J, Jiang C, Jiang G, Maduraiveeran G, Pan Y, Liu J, Deng LE. Advances in drug delivery-based therapeutic strategies for renal fibrosis treatment. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6532-6549. [PMID: 38913013 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the result of all chronic kidney diseases and is becoming a major global health hazard. Currently, traditional treatments for renal fibrosis are difficult to meet clinical needs due to shortcomings such as poor efficacy or highly toxic side effects. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that target the kidneys are needed to overcome these shortcomings. Drug delivery can be attained by improving drug stability and addressing controlled release and targeted delivery of drugs in the delivery category. By combining drug delivery technology with nanosystems, controlled drug release and biodistribution can be achieved, enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxic cross-wise effects. This review discusses nanomaterial drug delivery strategies reported in recent years. Firstly, the present review describes the mechanisms of renal fibrosis and anti-renal fibrosis drug delivery. Secondly, different nanomaterial drug delivery strategies for the treatment of renal injury and fibrosis are highlighted. Finally, the limitations of these strategies are also discussed. Investigating various anti-renal fibrosis drug delivery strategies reveals the characteristics and therapeutic effects of various novel nanosystem-derived drug delivery approaches. This will serve as a reference for future research on drug delivery strategies for renal fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Huang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Hanqi Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, China.
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, China.
| | - Chengyi Jiang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Guanmin Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan people's hospital), 78 Wandao Road South, Dongguan, 523059 Guangdong, China.
| | - Govindhan Maduraiveeran
- Materials Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur - 603 203, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ying Pan
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Jianqiang Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Li-Er Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, China.
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Smolobochkin A, Niyazova D, Gazizov A, Syzdykbayev M, Voloshina A, Amerhanova S, Lyubina A, Neganova M, Aleksandrova Y, Babaeva O, Voronina J, Appazov N, Sinyashin O, Alabugin I, Burilov A, Pudovik M. Discovery of Di(het)arylmethane and Dibenzoxanthene Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6724. [PMID: 38928428 PMCID: PMC11203978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A family of bifunctional dihetarylmethanes and dibenzoxanthenes is assembled via a reaction of acetals containing a 2-chloroacetamide moiety with phenols and related oxygen-containing heterocycles. These compounds demonstrated selective antitumor activity associated with the induction of cell apoptosis and inhibition of the process of glycolysis. In particular, bis(heteroaryl)methane containing two 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one moieties combine excellent in vitro antitumor efficacy with an IC50 of 1.7 µM in HuTu-80 human duodenal adenocarcinoma models with a high selectivity index of 73. Overall, this work highlights the therapeutic potential of dimeric compounds assembled from functionalized acetals and builds a starting point for the development of a new family of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Smolobochkin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.G.); (A.V.); (O.B.)
| | - Dinara Niyazova
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile, Department of Engineering Technology, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Ayteke bi Str., 29A, Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan; (D.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Almir Gazizov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.G.); (A.V.); (O.B.)
| | - Marat Syzdykbayev
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile, Department of Engineering Technology, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Ayteke bi Str., 29A, Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan; (D.N.); (M.S.)
- Nazarbayev Intellectual School Chemical-Biological Direction in Kyzylorda, Sultan Beybars Str., 6, Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexandra Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.G.); (A.V.); (O.B.)
| | - Syumbelya Amerhanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.G.); (A.V.); (O.B.)
| | - Anna Lyubina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.G.); (A.V.); (O.B.)
| | - Margarita Neganova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.G.); (A.V.); (O.B.)
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severnij pr., 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Yulia Aleksandrova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.G.); (A.V.); (O.B.)
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severnij pr., 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Olga Babaeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.G.); (A.V.); (O.B.)
| | - Julia Voronina
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr., 31, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Nurbol Appazov
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile, Department of Engineering Technology, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Ayteke bi Str., 29A, Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan; (D.N.); (M.S.)
- Limited Liability Partnership «DPS-Kyzylorda», Amangeldi Str., 112A, Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan
| | - Oleg Sinyashin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.G.); (A.V.); (O.B.)
| | - Igor Alabugin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.G.); (A.V.); (O.B.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Chieftan Way Str., 95, Tallahassee, FL 32306-3290, USA
| | - Alexander Burilov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.G.); (A.V.); (O.B.)
| | - Michail Pudovik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.G.); (A.V.); (O.B.)
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3
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Akhmadeev BS, Nizameev IR, Kholin KV, Voloshina AD, Gerasimova TP, Gubaidullin AT, Romashchenko AV, Zavjalov EL, Kashnik IV, Brylev KA, Mustafina AR. Specificity of hexarhenium cluster anions for synthesis of Mn 2+-based nanoparticles with lamellar shape and pH-induced leaching for specific organ selectivity in MRI contrasting. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 659:1052-1062. [PMID: 38195359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The present work demonstrates the structure variation of hexarhenium anionic cluster units [{Re6S8}(CN)(6-n)(OH)n]4- (n = 0, 2, 4) as the strategy to develop Mn2+-containing nanoparticles (NPs) exhibiting pH-dependent leaching. The dicyanotetrahydroxo complex [{Re6S8}(CN)2(OH)4]4- is the optimal for the synthesis of the Mn2+-based NPs with a lamellar shape exhibiting the pH-dependent aggregation and magnetic relaxation behavior. The pH-dependent behavior of the NPs derives from the easy protonation of the apical hydroxo ligands of [{Re6S8}(CN)2(OH)4]4- cluster, which triggers partial leaching of Mn2+ ions and aggregation of the NPs driven by the surface neutralization. The in vivo MRI scanning of the mice intravenously injected with the NPs indicates the preferable accumulation of the lamellar NPs within mouse intestine over liver and kidneys. This differs from the spherical NPs constructed from [{Re6Se8}(CN)6]4- units, which provide the preferable brightening of mouse liver over kidneys and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Akhmadeev
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - I R Nizameev
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - K V Kholin
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - A D Voloshina
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - T P Gerasimova
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - A T Gubaidullin
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - A V Romashchenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - E L Zavjalov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - I V Kashnik
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - K A Brylev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - A R Mustafina
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
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4
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Yang Y, Zhao L, Wang T, Zheng X, Wu Y. Biological activity and structural modification of isosteviol over the past 15 years. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107074. [PMID: 38176378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Isosteviol is a tetracyclic diterpenoid obtained by hydrolysis of stevioside. Due to its unique molecular skeleton and extensive pharmacological activities, isosteviol has attracted more and more attention from researchers. This review summarized the structural modification, pharmacological activity and microbial transformation of isosteviol from 04/2008 to 10/2023. In addition, the research history, structural characterization, and pharmacokinetics of isosteviol were also briefly reviewed. This review aims to provide useful literature resources and inspirations for the exploration of diterpenoid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Tongsheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Ya Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
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5
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Arkhipova DM, Ermolaev VV, Baembitova GR, Samigullina AI, Lyubina AP, Voloshina AD. Oxygen-Containing Quaternary Phosphonium Salts (oxy-QPSs): Synthesis, Properties, and Cellulose Dissolution. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4097. [PMID: 37896340 PMCID: PMC10611013 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the synthesis of oxygen-containing quaternary phosphonium salts (oxy-QPSs) was described. Within this work, structure-property relationships of oxy-QPSs were estimated by systematic analysis of physical-chemical properties. The influence of the oxygen-containing substituent was examined by comparing the properties of oxy-QPSs in homology series as well as with phosphonium analog-included alkyl side chains. The crystal structure analysis showed that the oxygen introduction influences the conformation of the side chain of the oxy-QPS. It was found that oxy-QPSs, using an aprotic co-solvent, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), can dissolve microcrystalline cellulose. The cellulose dissolution in oxy-QPSs appeared to be dependent on the functional group in the cation and anion nature. For the selected conditions, dissolution of up to 5 wt% of cellulose was observed. The antimicrobial activity of oxy-QPSs under study was expected to be low. The biocompatibility of oxy-QPSs with fermentative microbes was tested on non-pathogenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bacillus subtilis. This reliably allows one to safely address the combined biomass destruction and enzyme hydrolysis processes in one pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria M. Arkhipova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Vadim V. Ermolaev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia; (V.V.E.); (G.R.B.); (A.P.L.); (A.D.V.)
| | - Gulnaz R. Baembitova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia; (V.V.E.); (G.R.B.); (A.P.L.); (A.D.V.)
| | - Aida I. Samigullina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Anna P. Lyubina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia; (V.V.E.); (G.R.B.); (A.P.L.); (A.D.V.)
| | - Alexandra D. Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia; (V.V.E.); (G.R.B.); (A.P.L.); (A.D.V.)
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6
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Heisig J, Heise NV, Hoenke S, Ströhl D, Csuk R. The Finally Rewarding Search for A Cytotoxic Isosteviol Derivative. Molecules 2023; 28:4951. [PMID: 37446613 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acid hydrolysis of stevioside resulted in a 63% yield of isosteviol (1), which served as a starting material for the preparation of numerous amides. These compounds were tested for cytotoxic activity, employing a panel of human tumor cell lines, and almost all amides were found to be non-cytotoxic. Only the combination of isosteviol, a (homo)-piperazinyl spacer and rhodamine B or rhodamine 101 unit proved to be particularly suitable. These spacered rhodamine conjugates exhibited cytotoxic activity in the sub-micromolar concentration range. In this regard, the homopiperazinyl-spacered derivatives were found to be better than those compounds with piperazinyl spacers, and rhodamine 101 conjugates were more cytotoxic than rhodamine B hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Heisig
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes, Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Niels V Heise
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes, Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sophie Hoenke
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes, Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dieter Ströhl
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes, Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - René Csuk
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes, Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Chugunova E, Gibadullina E, Matylitsky K, Bazarbayev B, Neganova M, Volcho K, Rogachev A, Akylbekov N, Nguyen HBT, Voloshina A, Lyubina A, Amerhanova S, Syakaev V, Burilov A, Appazov N, Zhanakov M, Kuhn L, Sinyashin O, Alabugin I. Diverse Biological Activity of Benzofuroxan/Sterically Hindered Phenols Hybrids. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040499. [PMID: 37111256 PMCID: PMC10145285 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining two pharmacophores in a molecule can lead to useful synergistic effects. Herein, we show hybrid systems that combine sterically hindered phenols with dinitrobenzofuroxan fragments exhibit a broad range of biological activities. The modular assembly of such phenol/benzofuroxan hybrids allows variations in the phenol/benzofuroxan ratio. Interestingly, the antimicrobial activity only appears when at least two benzofuroxan moieties are introduced per phenol. The most potent of the synthesized compounds exhibit high cytotoxicity against human duodenal adenocarcinoma (HuTu 80), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and human cervical carcinoma cell lines. This toxicity is associated with the induction of apoptosis via the internal mitochondrial pathway and an increase in ROS production. Encouragingly, the index of selectivity relative to healthy tissues exceeds that for the reference drugs Doxorubicin and Sorafenib. The biostability of the leading compounds in whole mice blood is sufficiently high for their future quantification in biological matrices.
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Fedorenko S, Stepanov A, Bochkova O, Kholin K, Nizameev I, Voloshina A, Tyapkina O, Samigullin D, Kleshnina S, Akhmadeev B, Romashchenko A, Zavjalov E, Amirov R, Mustafina A. Specific nanoarchitecture of silica nanoparticles codoped with the oppositely charged Mn 2+ and Ru 2+ complexes for dual paramagnetic-luminescent contrasting effects. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 49:102665. [PMID: 36822334 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The silica nanoparticles (SNs) co-doped with paramagnetic ([Mn(HL)]n-,) and luminescent ([Ru(dipy)3]2+) complexes are represented. The specific distribution of [Mn(HL)]n- within the SNs allows to achieve about ten-fold enhancing in magnetic relaxivities in comparison with those of [Mn(HL)]n- in solutions. The leaching of [Mn(HL)]n- from the shell can be minimized through the co-doping of [Ru(dipy)3]2+ into the core of the SNs. The co-doped SNs exhibit colloid stability in aqueous solutions, including those modeling a blood serum. The surface of the co-doped SNs was also decorated by amino- and carboxy-groups. The cytotoxicity, hemoagglutination and hemolytic activities of the co-doped SNs are on the levels convenient for "in vivo" studies, although the amino-decorated SNs cause more noticeable agglutination and suppression of cell viability. The co-doped SNs being intravenously injected into mice allows to reveal their biodistribution in both ex vivo and in vivo conditions through confocal microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging correspondingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Fedorenko
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia.
| | - Alexey Stepanov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Olga Bochkova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Kirill Kholin
- Kazan National Research Technological University, 68, K. Marx str., 420015 Kazan, Russia
| | - Irek Nizameev
- Kazan National Research Technological University, 68, K. Marx str., 420015 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexandra Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Oksana Tyapkina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevski str., 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Dmitry Samigullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevski str., 420111 Kazan, Russia; Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev - KAI, 10 K. Marx str., 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Sofiya Kleshnina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Bulat Akhmadeev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexander Romashchenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenii Zavjalov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Rustem Amirov
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya str., 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Asiya Mustafina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
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9
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Ziganshina AY, Mansurova EE, Voloshina AD, Lyubina AP, Amerhanova SK, Shulaeva MM, Nizameev IR, Kadirov MK, Bakhtiozina LR, Semenov VE, Antipin IS. Thymine-Modified Nanocarrier for Doxorubicin Delivery in Glioblastoma Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020551. [PMID: 36677608 PMCID: PMC9864328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumor glioblastoma is one of the worst types of cancer. The blood-brain barrier prevents drugs from reaching brain cells and shields glioblastoma from treatment. The creation of nanocarriers to improve drug delivery and internalization effectiveness may be the solution to this issue. In this paper, we report on a new nanocarrier that was developed to deliver the anticancer drug doxorubicin to glioblastoma cells. The nanocarrier was obtained by nanoemulsion polymerization of diallyl disulfide with 1-allylthymine. Diallyl disulfide is a redox-sensitive molecule involved in redox cell activities, and thymine is a uracil derivative and one of the well-known bioactive compounds that can enhance the pharmacological activity of doxorubicin. Doxorubicin was successfully introduced into the nanocarrier with a load capacity of about 4.6%. Biological studies showed that the doxorubicin nanocarrier composition is far more cytotoxic to glioblastoma cells (T98G) than it is to cancer cells (M-HeLa) and healthy cells (Chang liver). The nanocarrier improves the penetration of doxorubicin into T98G cells and accelerates the cells' demise, as is evident from flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy data. The obtained nanocarrier, in our opinion, is a promising candidate for further research in glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina Y. Ziganshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Elina E. Mansurova
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Lobachevsky Str. 1/29, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexandra D. Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Anna P. Lyubina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Syumbelya K. Amerhanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Marina M. Shulaeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Irek R. Nizameev
- Department of Nanotechnologies in Electronics, Kazan National Research Technical University Named after A. N. Tupolev—KAI, 10, K. Marx Str., 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Marsil K. Kadirov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Leysan R. Bakhtiozina
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Lobachevsky Str. 1/29, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav E. Semenov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Igor S. Antipin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
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10
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Enikeeva KR, Shamsieva AV, Kasimov AI, Litvinov IA, Lyubina AP, Voloshina AD, Musina EI, Karasik AA. Pyridyl-containing dialkylphosphine oxides and their chelate copper(ii) complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Mamedov VA, Zhukova NA, Voloshina AD, Syakaev VV, Beschastnova T, Lyubina AP, Amerhanova SK, Samigullina AI, Gubaidullin AT, Buzyurova DN, Rizvanov I, Sinyashin OG. Synthesis of Morpholine-, Piperidine-, and N-Substituted Piperazine-Coupled 2-(Benzimidazol-2-yl)-3-arylquinoxalines as Novel Potent Antitumor Agents. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:945-962. [PMID: 36268120 PMCID: PMC9578144 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 2-(benzimidazol-2-yl)quinoxalines with three types of pharmacophore groups, namely, piperazine, piperidine, and morpholine moieties, which are part of known antitumor drugs, was designed and synthesized. The compounds have been characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, high- and low-resolution mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. 2-(Benzimidazol-2-yl)quinoxalines with N-methylpiperazine substituents showed promising activity against a wide range of cancer lines, without causing hemolysis and showing little cytotoxicity against normal human Wi-38 cells (human fetal lung). A mixture of regioisomers 2-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-6(and 7)-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)quinoxalines (mri BIQ 13da/14da) showed a highly selective cytotoxic effect against human lung adenocarcinoma (cell line A549) with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration at the level of doxorubicin with a selectivity index of 12. The data obtained by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and multiparametric fluorescence analysis suggested that the mechanism of the cytotoxic effect of the mri BIQ 13da/14da on A549 cells may be associated with the stopping of the cell cycle in phase S and inhibition of DNA synthesis as well as with the induction of mithochondrial apoptosis. Thus, mri BIQ 13da/14da can be considered as a leading compound deserving further study, optimization, and development as a new anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vakhid A. Mamedov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of
Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Nataliya A. Zhukova
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of
Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra D. Voloshina
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of
Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Victor V. Syakaev
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of
Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Tat’yana
N. Beschastnova
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of
Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Anna P. Lyubina
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of
Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Syumbelya K. Amerhanova
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of
Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Aida I. Samigullina
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of
Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Aidar T. Gubaidullin
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of
Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Daina N. Buzyurova
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of
Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Il′dar
Kh. Rizvanov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of
Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg G. Sinyashin
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of
Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088Kazan, Russian Federation
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12
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Faizullin B, Dayanova I, Strelnik I, Kholin K, Nizameev I, Gubaidullin A, Voloshina A, Gerasimova T, Kashnik I, Brylev K, Sibgatullina G, Samigullin D, Petrov K, Musina E, Karasik A, Mustafina A. pH-Driven Intracellular Nano-to-Molecular Disassembly of Heterometallic [Au 2L 2]{Re 6Q 8} Colloids (L = PNNP Ligand; Q = S 2- or Se 2-). NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12183229. [PMID: 36145017 PMCID: PMC9505965 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present work introduces a simple, electrostatically driven approach to engineered nanomaterial built from the highly cytotoxic [Au2L2]2+ complex (Au2, L = 1,5-bis(p-tolyl)-3,7-bis(pyridine-2-yl)-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane (PNNP) ligand) and the pH-sensitive red-emitting [{Re6Q8}(OH)6]4- (Re6-Q, Q = S2- or Se2-) cluster units. The protonation/deprotonation of the Re6-Q unit is a prerequisite for the pH-triggered assembly of Au2 and Re6-Q into Au2Re6-Q colloids, exhibiting disassembly in acidic (pH = 4.5) conditions modeling a lysosomal environment. The counter-ion effect of polyethylenimine causes the release of Re6-Q units from the colloids, while the binding with lysozyme restricts their protonation in acidified conditions. The enhanced luminescence response of Re6-S on the disassembly of Au2Re6-S colloids in the lysosomal environment allows us to determine their high lysosomal localization extent through the colocalization assay, while the low luminescence of Re6-Se units in the same conditions allows us to reveal the rapture of the lysosomal membrane through the use of the Acridine Orange assay. The lysosomal pathway of the colloids, followed by their endo/lysosomal escape, correlates with their cytotoxicity being on the same level as that of Au2 complexes, but the contribution of the apoptotic pathway differentiates the cytotoxic effect of the colloids from that of the Au2 complex arisen from the necrotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulat Faizullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Irina Dayanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Igor Strelnik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Kirill Kholin
- Department of Nanotechnology in Electronics, Kazan National Research Technical University Named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx Street, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Irek Nizameev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Aidar Gubaidullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexandra Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatiana Gerasimova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ilya Kashnik
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, 3 Academician Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin Brylev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, 3 Academician Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Guzel Sibgatullina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevski Street, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Dmitry Samigullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevski Street, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Institute for Radio-Electronics and Telecommunications, Kazan National Research Technical University Named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx Street, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Konstantin Petrov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Elvira Musina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Andrey Karasik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Asiya Mustafina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
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13
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Kashapova NE, Kashapov RR, Ziganshina AY, Amerhanova SK, Lyubina AP, Voloshina AD, Salnikov VV, Zakharova LY. Self-assembling nanoparticles based on acetate derivatives of calix[4]resorcinol and octenidine dihydrochloride for tuning selectivity in cancer cells. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Synthesis and structure-activity-toxicity relationships of DABCO-containing ammonium amphiphiles based on natural isatin scaffold. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Terekhova NV, Lyubina AP, Voloshina AD, Sapunova AS, Khayarov KR, Islamov DR, Usachev KS, Evtugyn VG, Tatarinov DA, Mironov VF. Synthesis, biological evaluation and structure-activity relationship of 2-(2-hydroxyaryl)alkenylphosphonium salts with potency as anti-MRSA agents. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:106030. [PMID: 35870414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the synthesis, in vitro antimicrobial activity, preliminary toxicity and mechanism study of a new series of 2-(2-hydroxyaryl)alkenylphosphonium salts with the variation of phosphonium moiety obtained by a two-step synthetic method from phosphine oxides. The salts showed pronounced activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA strains, and some fungi. Mechanism of action against S. aureus was studied by CV test, TEM and proteomic assay. No cell wall integrity loss was observed while proteomic assay results suggested interference in different metabolic processes of S. aureus. For this series, lipophilicity was determined as a key factor for the inhibition of Gram-positive bacteria growth and S. aureus killing. Biological properties of methylated derivatives were notably different with manifested action against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Terekhova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Anna P Lyubina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra D Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya S Sapunova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Khasan R Khayarov
- Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Daut R Islamov
- Laboratory for Structural Studies of Biomacromolecules, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevskogo Str., 2/31, Kazan 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin S Usachev
- Laboratory for Structural Studies of Biomacromolecules, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevskogo Str., 2/31, Kazan 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir G Evtugyn
- Interdisciplinary center for Analytical microscopy, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya str. 18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry A Tatarinov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation; Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation.
| | - Vladimir F Mironov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
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16
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Zhang P, Li Q, Chen Y, Peng N, Liu W, Wang X, Li Y. Induction of cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei by a glucose-sophorose mixture as an inducer prepared using stevioside. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17392-17400. [PMID: 35765440 PMCID: PMC9190947 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophorose is currently the most effective inducer of cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei; however, the use of byproduct sophorose from the stevioside acid hydrolysis process has not been developed. In this study, stevioside was hydrolysed with different concentrations of HCl to obtain isosteviol and a mixture of glucose and sophorose (MGS). Isosteviol showed good inhibitory effects on the growth of Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli after separation. At the same time, MGS, as a byproduct, was evaluated for cellulase production to determine the feasibility of this approach. MGS was compared with common soluble inducers, such as lactose, cellobiose, and a mixture of glucose and β-disaccharide (MGD), and induced higher cellulase production than the other inducers. The cellulase activity induced by MGS was 1.64- and 5.26-fold higher than that induced by lactose and cellobiose, respectively, and was not significantly different from that induced by MGD. The crude enzyme using MGS as an inducer with commercial β-glucosidase was further tested by hydrolyzing NaOH-pretreated corn stover with 5% solid loading, and 33.4 g L-1 glucose was released with a glucose yield of 96.04%. The strategy developed in this work will be beneficial for reducing inducer production cost through a simple stevia glycoside hydrolysis reaction and will contribute to studies aimed at improving cellulase production using soluble inducers for easier operation in industrial-scale cellulase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
| | - Qian Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
| | - Yudian Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
| | - Nian Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
| | - Wenshu Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
| | - Yonghao Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
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17
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Complex of alkylated derivative of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane with palladium dichloride: synthesis, self-association, and biological activity. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Iatridis N, Kougioumtzi A, Vlataki K, Papadaki S, Magklara A. Anti-Cancer Properties of Stevia rebaudiana; More than a Sweetener. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041362. [PMID: 35209150 PMCID: PMC8874712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial shrub from Paraguay that is nowadays widely cultivated, since it is increasingly being utilized as a sugar substitute in various foodstuffs due to its sweetness and minimal caloric content. These properties of the plant’s derivatives have spurred research on their biological activities revealing a multitude of benefits to human health, including antidiabetic, anticariogenic, antioxidant, hypotensive, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor actions. To our knowledge, no recent reviews have surveyed and reported published work solely on the latter. Consequently, our main objective was to present a concise, literature-based review of the biological actions of stevia derivatives in various tumor types, as studied in in vitro and in vivo models of the disease. With global cancer estimates suggesting a 47% increase in cancer cases by 2040 compared to 2020, the data reviewed in this article should provide a better insight into Stevia rebaudiana and its products as a means of cancer prevention and therapy within the context of a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Iatridis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.I.); (A.K.); (K.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Anastasia Kougioumtzi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.I.); (A.K.); (K.V.); (S.P.)
- Biomedical Research Insitute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Katerina Vlataki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.I.); (A.K.); (K.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Styliani Papadaki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.I.); (A.K.); (K.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Angeliki Magklara
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.I.); (A.K.); (K.V.); (S.P.)
- Biomedical Research Insitute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Institute of Biosciences, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence:
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19
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Voloshina AD, Mansurova EE, Bakhtiozina LR, Shulaeva MM, Nizameev IR, Lyubina AP, Amerhanova SK, Kadirov MK, Ziganshina AY, Semenov VE, Antipin IS. A glutathione responsive nanocarrier based on viologen resorcinarene cavitand and 1-allylthymine. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02059a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A glutathione-sensitive nanocarrier for doxorubicin to improve cellular penetration and selective cytotoxic effects on T98G human glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D. Voloshina
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Elina E. Mansurova
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Lobachevsky str. 1/29, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Leysan R. Bakhtiozina
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Lobachevsky str. 1/29, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Marina M. Shulaeva
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Irek R. Nizameev
- Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev – KAI, 10, K. Marx str., Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Anna P. Lyubina
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Syumbelya K. Amerhanova
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Marsil K. Kadirov
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Albina Y. Ziganshina
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav E. Semenov
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Igor S. Antipin
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Lobachevsky str. 1/29, Kazan 420008, Russia
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20
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Ermolaev VV, Arkhipova DM, Miluykov VA, Lyubina AP, Amerhanova SK, Kulik NV, Voloshina AD, Ananikov VP. Sterically Hindered Quaternary Phosphonium Salts (QPSs): Antimicrobial Activity and Hemolytic and Cytotoxic Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:86. [PMID: 35008507 PMCID: PMC8744835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships are important for the design of biocides and sanitizers. During the spread of resistant strains of pathogenic microbes, insights into the correlation between structure and activity become especially significant. The most commonly used biocides are nitrogen-containing compounds; the phosphorus-containing ones have been studied to a lesser extent. In the present study, a broad range of sterically hindered quaternary phosphonium salts (QPSs) based on tri-tert-butylphosphine was tested for their activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria and fungi (Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. gypseum). The cation structure was confirmed to determine their biological activity. A number of QPSs not only exhibit high activity against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria but also possess antifungal properties. Additionally, the hemolytic and cytotoxic properties of QPSs were determined using blood and a normal liver cell line, respectively. The results show that tri-tert-butyl(n-dodecyl)phosphonium and tri-tert-butyl(n-tridecyl)phosphonium bromides exhibit both low cytotoxicity against normal human cells and high antimicrobial activity against bacteria, including methicillin-resistant strains S. aureus (MRSA). The mechanism of QPS action on microbes is discussed. Due to their high selectivity for pathogens, sterically hindered QPSs could serve as effective tunable biocides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V. Ermolaev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (V.V.E.); (V.A.M.); (A.P.L.); (S.K.A.); (N.V.K.); (A.D.V.)
| | - Daria M. Arkhipova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (V.V.E.); (V.A.M.); (A.P.L.); (S.K.A.); (N.V.K.); (A.D.V.)
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Vasili A. Miluykov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (V.V.E.); (V.A.M.); (A.P.L.); (S.K.A.); (N.V.K.); (A.D.V.)
| | - Anna P. Lyubina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (V.V.E.); (V.A.M.); (A.P.L.); (S.K.A.); (N.V.K.); (A.D.V.)
| | - Syumbelya K. Amerhanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (V.V.E.); (V.A.M.); (A.P.L.); (S.K.A.); (N.V.K.); (A.D.V.)
| | - Natalia V. Kulik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (V.V.E.); (V.A.M.); (A.P.L.); (S.K.A.); (N.V.K.); (A.D.V.)
| | - Alexandra D. Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (V.V.E.); (V.A.M.); (A.P.L.); (S.K.A.); (N.V.K.); (A.D.V.)
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow 119991, Russia;
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21
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Isolation of phytochemical constituents from Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) and evaluation of their anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties via in vitro and in silico approaches. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08475. [PMID: 34917793 PMCID: PMC8645449 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to isolate and characterize some bioactive secondary metabolites by using repeated chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, targeting their anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties through in vitro and in silico approaches. Six compounds were isolated and analyzed by thin layer chromatographic technique and the compounds were identified as 5-O-caffeoyl quinic acid (1), syringin (2), luteolin (3), apigenin (4), jhanol (5), and jhanidiol (6) based on spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxic effect of each compound was dose-dependent, and compound 1 showed a higher anti-proliferative effect (IC50 = 181.3 μg/ml) than other compounds (compound 2, 4, 5, and 6). Besides, compound 1 showed the most promising antibacterial activity with a zone of inhibition ranges from 12-15 mm against different strains compared to ciprofloxacin (14-22 mm). In contrast, compound 3 exerted the highest scavenging property against DPPH free radical. Finally, the in vitro bioactivities were also supported by molecular docking studies. The computational study demonstrated that the isolated compounds exerted stronger affinity compared to the standard drugs towards the binding sites of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), glutathione reductase, and urase oxidase.
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22
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Antimicrobial Properties and Cytotoxic Effect of Imidazolium Geminis with Tunable Hydrophobicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313148. [PMID: 34884951 PMCID: PMC8658214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial, membranotropic and cytotoxic properties of dicationic imidazolium surfactants of n-s-n (Im) series with variable length of alkyl group (n = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16) and spacer fragment (s = 2, 3, 4) were explored and compared with monocationic analogues. Their activity against a representative range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and also fungi, is characterized. The relationship between the biological activity and the structural features of these compounds is revealed, with the hydrophobicity emphasized as a key factor. Among dicationic surfactants, decyl derivatives showed highest antimicrobial effect, while for monocationic analogues, the maximum activity is observed in the case of tetradecyl tail. The leading compounds are 2–4 times higher in activity compared to reference antibiotics and prove effective against resistant strains. It has been shown that the antimicrobial effect is not associated with the destruction of the cell membrane, but is due to specific interactions of surfactants and cell components. Importantly, they show strong selectivity for microorganism cells while being of low harm to healthy human cells, with a SI ranging from 30 to 100.
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Anticancer activity of new benzofuroxan–imidazolone hybrids. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Yu Strobykina I, Voloshina AD, Andreeva OV, Sapunova AS, Lyubina AP, Amerhanova SK, Belenok MG, Saifina LF, Semenov VE, Kataev VE. Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of triphenylphosphonium (TPP) conjugates of 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleoside analogues. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105328. [PMID: 34500307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Four new triphenylphosphonium (TPP) conjugates of 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleoside analogues were synthesized by coupling with 8-bromoctyl- or 10- bromdecyltriphenylphosphonium bromide and evaluated for the in vitro antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. cereus, E. faecalis, two MRSA strains isolated from patients and resistant to fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin and β-lactam antibiotic amoxicillin, E. coli, antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes C. albicans and cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines M-HeLa, MCF-7, A549, HuTu-80, PC3, PANC-1 and normal cell line Wi-38. In these compounds a TPP cation was attached via an octyl or a decyl linker to the N 3 atom of the heterocycle moiety (thymine, 6-methyluracil, quinazoline-2,4-dione) which was bonded with 2',3',5'-tri- O - acetyl-greek beta-d-ribofuranose residue by the (1,2,3-triazol-4-il)methyl bridge. All synthesized compounds showed high antibacterial activity against S. aureus within the range of MIC values 1.2-4.3 greek muM, and three of them appeared to be bactericidal with respect to tis bacterium at MBC values 4.1-4.3 greek muM. Two lead compounds showed both high antibacterial activity against the MRSA strains resistant to Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin within the range of MIC values 1.0-4.3 greek muM and high cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines HuTu-80 and MCF-7 within the range of IC50 values 6.4-10.2 greek muM. This is one of the few examples when phosphonium salts exhibited both antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines. According to the results obtained the bactericidal effect of the lead compounds, unlike classical surfactants, was not caused by a violation of the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and their cytotoxic activity is most likely associated both with the induction of apoptosis along the mitochondrial pathway and the arrest of the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Yu Strobykina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra D Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation.
| | - Olga V Andreeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiia S Sapunova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Anna P Lyubina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Syumbelya K Amerhanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Mayya G Belenok
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Liliya F Saifina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav E Semenov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir E Kataev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
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The Highly Regioselective Synthesis of Novel Imidazolidin-2-Ones via the Intramolecular Cyclization/Electrophilic Substitution of Urea Derivatives and the Evaluation of Their Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154432. [PMID: 34361587 PMCID: PMC8347191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 4-(het)arylimidazoldin-2-ones were obtained by the acid-catalyzed reaction of (2,2-diethoxyethyl)ureas with aromatic and heterocyclic C-nucleophiles. The proposed approach to substituted imidazolidinones benefits from excellent regioselectivity, readily available starting materials and a simple procedure. The regioselectivity of the reaction was rationalized by quantum chemistry calculations and control experiments. The anti-cancer activity of the obtained compounds was tested in vitro.
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Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Nucleoside Analogues Bearing One Pyrimidine Moiety and Two D-Ribofuranosyl Residues. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123678. [PMID: 34208647 PMCID: PMC8234143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleoside analogues in which 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-β-d-ribofuranosyl fragments are attached via polymethylene linkers to both nitrogen atoms of the heterocycle moiety (uracil, 6-methyluracil, thymine, quinazoline-2,4-dione, alloxazine) or to the C-5 and N-3 atoms of the 6-methyluracil moiety was synthesized. All compounds synthesized were evaluated for antiviral activity against influenza virus A/PR/8/34/(H1N1) and coxsackievirus B3. Antiviral assays revealed three compounds, 2i, 5i, 11c, which showed moderate activity against influenza virus A H1N1 with IC50 values of 57.5 µM, 24.3 µM, and 29.2 µM, respectively. In the first two nucleoside analogues, 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-β-d-ribofuranosyl fragments are attached via butylene linkers to N-1 and N-3 atoms of the heterocycle moiety (6-methyluracil and alloxazine, respectively). In nucleoside analogue 11c, two 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyl-β-d-ribofuranose fragments are attached via propylene linkers to the C-5 and N-3 atoms of the 6-methyluracil moiety. Almost all synthesized 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleoside analogues showed no antiviral activity against the coxsackie B3 virus. Two exceptions are 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleoside analogs 2f and 5f, in which 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyl-β-d-ribofuranose fragments are attached to the C-5 and N-3 atoms of the heterocycle moiety (6-methyluracil and alloxazine respectively). These compounds exhibited high antiviral potency against the coxsackie B3 virus with IC50 values of 12.4 and 11.3 µM, respectively, although both were inactive against influenza virus A H1N1. According to theoretical calculations, the antiviral activity of the 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleoside analogues 2i, 5i, and 11c against the H1N1 (A/PR/8/34) influenza virus can be explained by their influence on the functioning of the polymerase acidic protein (PA) of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). As to the antiviral activity of nucleoside analogs 2f and 5f against coxsackievirus B3, it can be explained by their interaction with the coat proteins VP1 and VP2.
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