1
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Sun X, Xie Z, Lei X, Huang S, Tang G, Wang Z. Research and development of N, N'-diarylureas as anti-tumor agents. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1209-1226. [PMID: 37484562 PMCID: PMC10357950 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00053b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor neovascularization provides abundant nutrients for the occurrence and development of tumors, and is also an important factor in tumor invasion and metastasis, which has attracted extensive attention in anti-tumor therapy. Sorafenib is a clinically approved multi-targeted anti-tumor drug that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and inhibits the formation of tumor angiogenesis, thereby achieving the purpose of suppressing tumor growth. Since the approval of sorafenib, N,N'-diarylureas have received extensive attention as the key pharmacophore in its chemical structure. And a series of N,N'-diarylureas were designed and synthesized to screen a new generation of anti-tumor drug candidates through chemical modification and structural optimization. Moreover, the rational design of targeted drugs is beneficial to reduce toxic side effects and drug resistance and improve the curative effect. Here, this article reviews the research progress in the design, classification, structure-activity relationship (SAR) and biological activity of N,N'-diarylureas, in order to provide some prospective routes for the development of clinically effective anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Sun
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Jiuzhitang Co., Ltd Changsha Hunan 410007 China
| | - Guotao Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China Hengyang 421001 Hunan China
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2
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New Oxazolo[5,4- d]pyrimidines as Potential Anticancer Agents: Their Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Biological Activity Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911694. [PMID: 36232997 PMCID: PMC9569971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a large group of diseases in which the rapid proliferation of abnormal cells generally leads to metastasis to surrounding tissues or more distant ones through the lymphatic and blood vessels, making it the second leading cause of death worldwide. The main challenge in designing a modern anticancer therapy is to develop selective compounds that exploit specific molecular targets. In this work, novel oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic activity against a panel of four human cancer cell lines (lung carcinoma: A549, breast adenocarcinoma: MCF7, metastatic colon adenocarcinoma: LoVo, primary colon adenocarcinoma: HT29), along with their P-glycoprotein-inhibitory ability and pro-apoptotic activity. These oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives, which are structurally similar to nucleic purine bases in general, are characterized by the presence of a pharmacologically favorable isoxazole substituent at position 2 and aliphatic amino chains at position 7 of the condensed heterocyclic system. In silico analysis of the obtained compounds identified their potent inhibitory activity towards human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Molecular docking was performed to assess the binding mode of new derivatives to the VEGFR-2 active site. Then, their physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacological properties (i.e., ADME-administration, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) were also predicted to assess their druglikeness. In particular, compound 3g (with a 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl substituent) was found to be the most potent against the HT29 cell line, with a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 58.4 µM, exceeding the activity of fluorouracil (CC50 = 381.2 μM) and equaling the activity of cisplatin (CC50 = 47.2 µM), while being less toxic to healthy human cells (such as normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs)) than these reference drugs. The results suggest that compound 3g is a potentially promising candidate for the treatment of primary colorectal cancer.
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3
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Deng YP, Gan QH, Gao X, Jiang XQ, Wang SF. A green and efficient method for one-step synthesis of novel oxazolo[3,2-c]pyrimidine derivatives in lactic acid. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Zhirnov VV, Velihina YS, Mitiukhin OP, Brovarets VS. Intrinsic drug potential of oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines and oxazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:561-581. [PMID: 34148293 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The oxazole and pyrimidine rings are widely displayed in natural products and synthetic molecules. They are known as the prime skeletons for drug discovery. On the account of structural and chemical diversity, oxazole and pyrimidine-based molecules, as central scaffolds, not only provide different types of interactions with various receptors and enzymes, showing broad biological activities, but also occupy a core position in medicinal chemistry, showing their importance for development and discovery of newer potential therapeutic agents (Curr Top Med Chem, 16, 2016, 3133; Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 8, 2016, 8; BMC Chem, 13, 2019, 44). For a long time, relatively little attention has been paid to their fused rings that are oxazolopyrimidines, whose chemical structure is similar to that of natural purines because probably none of these compounds were found in natural products or their biological activities turned out to be unexpressed (Bull Chem Soc Jpn, 43, 1970, 187). Recently, however, a significant number of studies have been published on the biological properties of oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines, showing their significant activity as agonists and antagonists of signaling pathways involved in the regulation of the cell life cycle, whereas oxazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines, on the contrary, represent a poorly studied class of compounds. Limited access to this scaffold has resulted in a corresponding lack of biological research (Eur J Organ Chem, 18, 2018, 2148). Actually, oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine is a versatile scaffold used for the design of bioactive ligands against enzymes and receptors. This review focuses on biological targets and associated pathogenetic mechanisms, as well as pathological disorders that can be modified by well-known oxazolopyrimidines that have been proven to date. Many molecular details of these processes are omitted here, which the interested reader will find in the cited literature. This work also does not cover the methods for the synthesis of the oxazolopyrimidines, which are exhaustively described by De Coen et al. (Eur J Organ Chem, 18, 2018, 2148). The review as well does not discuss the structure-activity relationship, which is described in detail in the original works and deliberately, whenever possible, cites not primary sources, but mostly relevant review articles, so that the reader who wants to delve into a particular problem will immediately receive more complete information. It is expected that the information presented in this review will help readers better understand the purpose of the development of oxazolopyrimidines and the possibility of their development as drugs for the treatment of a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Zhirnov
- Department of Chemistry of Bioactive Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Bases, Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yevheniia S Velihina
- Department of Chemistry of Bioactive Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Bases, Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleg P Mitiukhin
- Department of Chemistry of Bioactive Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Bases, Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr S Brovarets
- Department of Chemistry of Bioactive Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Bases, Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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5
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Synthesis,
in silico
and
in vitro
Evaluation of Novel Oxazolopyrimidines as Promising Anticancer Agents. Helv Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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6
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Sochacka-Ćwikła A, Regiec A, Zimecki M, Artym J, Zaczyńska E, Kocięba M, Kochanowska I, Bryndal I, Pyra A, Mączyński M. Synthesis and Biological Activity of New 7-Amino-oxazolo[5,4- d]Pyrimidine Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153558. [PMID: 32759841 PMCID: PMC7436121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of novel 7-aminooxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines 5, transformations during their synthesis and their physicochemical characteristics have been described. Complete detailed spectral analysis of the intermediates 2-4, the N'-cyanooxazolylacetamidine by-products 7 and final compounds 5 has been carried out using MS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Theoretical research was carried out to explain the privileged formation of 7-aminooxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines in relation to the possibility of their isomer formation and the related thermodynamic aspects. Additionally, the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis for 5h was reported. Ten 7-aminooxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines 5 (SCM1-10) were biologically tested in vitro to preliminarily evaluate their immunological, antiviral and anticancer activity. Compounds SCM5 and SCM9 showed the best immunoregulatory profile. The compounds displayed low-toxicity and strongly inhibited phytohemagglutinin A-induced proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation of mouse splenocytes. Compound SCM9 caused also a moderate suppression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production in a human whole blood culture. Of note, the compounds also inhibited the growth of selected tumor cell lines and inhibited replication of human herpes virus type-1 (HHV-1) virus in A-549 cell line. Molecular investigations showed that the compounds exerted differential changes in expression of signaling proteins in Jurkat and WEHI-231 cell lines. The activity of SCM5 is likely associated with elicitation of cell signaling pathways leading to cell apoptosis. The compounds may be of interest in terms of therapeutic utility as inhibitors of autoimmune disorders, virus replication and antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Sochacka-Ćwikła
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Street, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.-Ć.); (M.M.)
| | - Andrzej Regiec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Street, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.-Ć.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-717-840-347; Fax: +48-717-840-341
| | - Michał Zimecki
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolf Weigl Street, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.A.); (E.Z.); (M.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Jolanta Artym
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolf Weigl Street, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.A.); (E.Z.); (M.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Ewa Zaczyńska
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolf Weigl Street, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.A.); (E.Z.); (M.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Maja Kocięba
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolf Weigl Street, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.A.); (E.Z.); (M.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Iwona Kochanowska
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolf Weigl Street, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.A.); (E.Z.); (M.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Iwona Bryndal
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Street, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Pyra
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 14 Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Marcin Mączyński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Street, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.-Ć.); (M.M.)
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7
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Perupogu N, Kumar DR, Ramachandran D. Anticancer activity of newly synthesized 1,2,4-Oxadiazole linked 4-(Oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cdc.2020.100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Indole-based derivatives as potential antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Eur J Med Chem 2020; 194:112245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Lin YL, Lee YT, Barve IJ, Huang YT, Sun CM. Rapid synthesis of hexahydropyrrolo[3,4- b]pyrrole-fused quinolines via a consecutive [3 + 2] cycloaddition and reduction/intramolecular lactamization cascade. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00858c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented synthesis of novel hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-fused quinolines is achieved through the sequential [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides with maleimides followed by intramolecular lactamization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Liang Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao-Tung University
- 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Republic of China
| | - Yun-Ta Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao-Tung University
- 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Republic of China
| | - Indrajeet J. Barve
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao-Tung University
- 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ting Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao-Tung University
- 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao-Tung University
- 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Republic of China
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10
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De Coen LM, Roman BI, Movsisyan M, Heugebaert TSA, Stevens CV. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Oxazolopyrimidines. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurens M. De Coen
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Bart I. Roman
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG); De Pintelaan 185 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Marine Movsisyan
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Thomas S. A. Heugebaert
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
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11
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Tuo W, Bollier M, Leleu-Chavain N, Lemaire L, Barczyk A, Dezitter X, Klupsch F, Szczepanski F, Spencer J, Chavatte P, Millet R. Development of novel oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines as competitive CB2 neutral antagonists based on scaffold hopping. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:68-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of some pyrazolopyrimidin-6(7H)-ones and tricyclic 8-oxo-dihydrooxazolopyrazolopyrimidin-9-ium chloride derivatives. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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13
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Deng YH, Liu JP, Cheng YJ, Liu Y, Sun LP. Diarylureas and Diarylamides with Oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine Scaffold as Angiogenesis Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:1230-1239. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Ji-Ping Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Yi-Juan Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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14
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Deng YH, Xu D, Su YX, Cheng YJ, Yang YL, Wang XY, Zhang J, You QD, Sun LP. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines as potent VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2016; 12:528-37. [PMID: 25879498 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and other protein kinases. Inhibition of these kinases presents an attractive approach for developing anticancer therapeutics. In this work, a series of 2,5,7-trisubstituted oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines were synthesized, and their inhibitory activities were investigated against VEGFR-2 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. Compound 9n exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.33 and 0.29 μM for VEGFR-2 kinase and HUVEC, respectively. A further kinase selectivity assay revealed that these compounds exhibit good VEGFR and moderate EGFR inhibitory activities. Docking analysis suggested a common mode of interaction at the ATP-binding site of VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China (phone: +86-25-83271445; fax: +86-25-83271351)
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15
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Song D, Ma S. Recent Development of Benzimidazole-Containing Antibacterial Agents. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:646-59. [PMID: 26970352 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinically significant antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. However, new antibacterial agents are currently being developed at a much slower pace than our growing need for such drugs. Given their diverse biological activities and clinical applications, many bioactive heterocyclic compounds containing a benzimidazole nucleus have been the focus of interest for many researchers. The benzimidazole nucleus is a structural isostere of naturally occurring nucleotides. This advantage allows benzimidazoles to readily interact with the various biopolymers found in living systems. In view of this situation, much attention has been given to the exploration of benzimidazole-based antibacterial agents, leading to the discovery of many new chemical entities with intriguing profiles. In this minireview we summarize novel benzimidazole derivatives active against various bacterial strains. In particular, we outline the relationship between the structures of variously modified benzimidazoles and their antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shutao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China.
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16
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Liu J, Deng YH, Yang L, Chen Y, Lawali M, Sun LP, Liu Y. CPU-12, a novel synthesized oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine derivative, showed superior anti-angiogenic activity. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 129:9-17. [PMID: 26154846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a crucial requirement for malignant tumor growth, progression and metastasis. Tumor-derived factors stimulate formation of new blood vessels which actively support tumor growth and spread. Various of drugs have been applied to inhibit tumor angiogenesis. CPU-12, 4-chloro-N-(4-((2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyloxazolo[5,4-d] pyrimidin-7-yl)amino)phenyl)benzamide, is a novel oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine derivative that showed potent activity in inhibiting VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vitro and ex-vivo. In cell toxicity experiments, CPU-12 significantly inhibited the human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation in a dose-dependent manner with a low IC50 value at 9.30 ± 1.24 μM. In vitro, CPU-12 remarkably inhibited HUVEC's migration, chemotactic invasion and capillary-like tube formation in a dose-dependent manner. In ex-vivo, CPU-12 effectively inhibited new microvessels sprouting from the rat aortic ring. In addition, the downstream signalings of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), including the phosphorylation of PI3K, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, were effectively down-regulated by CPU-12. These evidences suggested that angiogenic response via the induction of VEGFR through distinct signal transduction pathways regulating proliferation, migration and tube formation of endothelial cells was significantly inhibited by the novel small molecule compound CPU-12 in vitro and ex-vivo. In conclusion, CPU-12 showed superior anti-angiogenic activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ya-Hui Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yijuan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Manzo Lawali
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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17
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Akbarzadeh M, Bakavoli M, Eshghi H, Shiri A. Synthesis of Oxazolo[5,4-d][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines as a New Class of Heterocyclic Compounds. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Bakavoli
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; 91775-1436 Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Ali Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; 91775-1436 Mashhad Iran
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18
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Nikseresht A, Bakavoli M, Bayraq SS. DBU: An Efficient Base Catalyst for Synthesis of the New Oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine Derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2014.910527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nikseresht
- a Department of Chemistry , Payame Noor University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mehdi Bakavoli
- b Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Samad Shoghpour Bayraq
- b Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
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Kornienko AN, Pil’o SG, Prokopenko VM, Rusanov EB, Brovarets VS. Interaction of 2-aryl-4-cyano-1,3-oxazole-5-sulfonyl chlorides with amidines. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363213070165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Gurenko AO, Shablykin OV, Brovarets VS. Synthesis of 2-aryl-6H,7H-[1,3]oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine-7-thione and 2-aryl-6H,7H-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine-7-thione using 2-aroylaminomalonodiamide. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363213030298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Adenosine kinase (ADK; EC 2.7.1.20) is an evolutionarily conserved phosphotransferase that converts the purine ribonucleoside adenosine into 5'-adenosine-monophosphate. This enzymatic reaction plays a fundamental role in determining the tone of adenosine, which fulfills essential functions as a homeostatic and metabolic regulator in all living systems. Adenosine not only activates specific signaling pathways by activation of four types of adenosine receptors but it is also a primordial metabolite and regulator of biochemical enzyme reactions that couple to bioenergetic and epigenetic functions. By regulating adenosine, ADK can thus be identified as an upstream regulator of complex homeostatic and metabolic networks. Not surprisingly, ADK dysfunction is involved in several pathologies, including diabetes, epilepsy, and cancer. Consequently, ADK emerges as a rational therapeutic target, and adenosine-regulating drugs have been tested extensively. In recent attempts to improve specificity of treatment, localized therapies have been developed to augment adenosine signaling at sites of injury or pathology; those approaches include transplantation of stem cells with deletions of ADK or the use of gene therapy vectors to downregulate ADK expression. More recently, the first human mutations in ADK have been described, and novel findings suggest an unexpected role of ADK in a wider range of pathologies. ADK-regulating strategies thus represent innovative therapeutic opportunities to reconstruct network homeostasis in a multitude of conditions. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the genetics, biochemistry, and pharmacology of ADK and will then focus on pathologies and therapeutic interventions. Challenges to translate ADK-based therapies into clinical use will be discussed critically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlev Boison
- Legacy Research Institute, 1225 NE 16th Ave, Portland, OR 97202, USA.
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22
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Xu D, Sun LP, You QD. Facile synthesis of 2,5,7-trisubstituted oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines via copper-catalyzed intramolecular C–O bond formation. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Poornachandran M, Raghunathan R. Facile Synthesis of cis-Fused 1-Benzyl/-H-5-arylsulfonyl Pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrroles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910802440330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Poornachandran M, Raghunathan R. A novel diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition approach to cis-fused bispyrrolidines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Mandal S, Li WT, Bai Y, Robertus JD, Kerwin SM. Synthesis of 2-substituted 9-oxa-guanines {5-aminooxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-ones} and 9-oxa-2-thio-xanthines {5-mercaptooxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-ones}. Beilstein J Org Chem 2008; 4:26. [PMID: 18941495 PMCID: PMC2511024 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.4.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines can be considered as 9-oxa-purine analogs of naturally occurring nucleic acid bases. Interest in this ring system has increased due to recent reports of biologically active derivatives. In particular, 5-aminooxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine-7(6H)-ones (9-oxa-guanines) have been shown to inhibit ricin. The preparation of a series of 2-substituted 5-aminooxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-ones and related 5-thio-oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines is described, including analogs suitable for further elaboration employing "click" chemistry utilizing copper-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. Two of the compounds prepared were found to inhibit ricin with IC(50)ca. 1-3 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Mandal
- College of Pharmacy, 1 University Station, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Wen Tai Li
- College of Pharmacy, 1 University Station, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Biochemistry,1 University Station, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jon D Robertus
- Department of Biochemistry,1 University Station, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sean M Kerwin
- College of Pharmacy, 1 University Station, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Biochemistry,1 University Station, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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26
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Poornachandran M, Raghunathan R. Synthesis of pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrroles and perhydrothiazolo[3′,4′-2,3]pyrrolo[4,5-c]pyrroles. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Zabawa TP, Chemler SR. Copper(II) carboxylate promoted intramolecular diamination of terminal alkenes: improved reaction conditions and expanded substrate scope. Org Lett 2007; 9:2035-8. [PMID: 17447781 PMCID: PMC2527652 DOI: 10.1021/ol0706713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The copper(II) carboxylate promoted diamination reaction has been improved by the use of the organic soluble copper(II) neodecanoate [Cu(ND)2]. Cu(ND)2 allowed the less-polar solvent dichloroethane (DCE) to be used, and as a consequence, decomposition of less-reactive substrates could be avoided. High diastereoselectivity was observed in the synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines. Ureas, bis(anilines), and alpha-amido pyrroles derived from 2-allylaniline could also participate in the diamination reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Zabawa
- Department of Chemistry, The University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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28
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Dolle RE. Comprehensive survey of combinatorial library synthesis: 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 7:739-98. [PMID: 16283784 DOI: 10.1021/cc050082t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland E Dolle
- Department of Chemistry, Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, PA 19341, USA.
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Matulenko MA, Lee CH, Jiang M, Frey RR, Cowart MD, Bayburt EK, Didomenico S, Gfesser GA, Gomtsyan A, Zheng GZ, McKie JA, Stewart AO, Yu H, Kohlhaas KL, Alexander KM, McGaraughty S, Wismer CT, Mikusa J, Marsh KC, Snyder RD, Diehl MS, Kowaluk EA, Jarvis MF, Bhagwat SS. 5-(3-Bromophenyl)-7-(6-morpholin-4-ylpyridin-3-yl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ylamine: structure-activity relationships of 7-substituted heteroaryl analogs as non-nucleoside adenosine kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:3705-20. [PMID: 15863000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2005] [Revised: 03/10/2005] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
4-Amino-5,7-disubstituted pyridopyrimidines are potent, non-nucleoside inhibitors of adenosine kinase (AK). We recently identified a potent, orally efficacious analog, 4 containing a 7-pyridylmorpholine substituted ring system as the key structural element of this template. In this report, we disclose the pharmacologic effects of five- and six-membered heterocyclic ring replacements for the pyridine ring in 4. These replacements were found to have interesting effects on in vivo efficacy and genotoxicity as well as in vitro potency. We discovered that the nitrogen in the heterocyclic ring at C(7) is important for the modulation of mutagenic side effects (Ames assay).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Matulenko
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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Poornachandran M, Raghunathan R. A novel entry into 1-methyl- and 1-aryl-octahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrroles and their N-1–C-2 fused derivatives: stereoselective synthesis via an intramolecular azomethine ylide cycloaddition reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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