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Mostafa GAE, Mahajumi AS, AlRabiah H, Kadi AA, Lu Y, Rahman AFMM. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Fluorescein Esters as Potential Organic Semiconductor Materials. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:1489-1502. [PMID: 34287764 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02789-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescein (1), a known fluorescent tracer in microscopy with high photophysical properties, was esterified to have fluorescein ethyl ester (2) and O-ethyl-fluorescein ethyl ester (3) in excellent yields. All of them were investigated for the photophysical and electrochemical properties as potential organic semiconductor materials. Absorptions and emission spectra were taken in various solvents, compound 2 showed emission maxima at λmax = 545 and compound 3 showed λmax = 550 nm. Optical band gap energy (Eg) was calculated for 1-3 and the values were found in between 2.34 - 2.39 eV. Possibility of shifting emission maxima was studied in various pH (5-9) buffers, and finally the thermal stability was examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Increasing of conjugation system of 2 and 3 were studied by HOMO and LUMO distributions of 1-3. Experimental results showed that compounds 2 and 3 have excellent photophysical and electrochemical properties hence can be used as excellent organic semiconductor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A E Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Micro-Analytical Laboratory, Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abu Syed Mahajumi
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University (SWJTU), University of Leeds UK Joint School, XIPU Campus, Chengdu, China
| | - Haitham AlRabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan A Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yang Lu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - A F M Motiur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Evaluation of carboxyfluorescein-labeled 7-methylguanine nucleotides as probes for studying cap-binding proteins by fluorescence anisotropy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7687. [PMID: 33833335 PMCID: PMC8032668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence anisotropy (FA) is a powerful technique for the discovery of protein inhibitors in a high-throughput manner. In this study, we sought to develop new universal FA-based assays for the evaluation of compounds targeting mRNA 5′ cap-binding proteins of therapeutic interest, including eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E and scavenger decapping enzyme. For this purpose, a library of 19 carboxyfluorescein probes based on 7-methylguanine nucleotides was evaluated as FA probes for these proteins. Optimal probe:protein systems were further investigated in competitive binding experiments and adapted for high-throughput screening. Using a small in-house library of compounds, we verified and confirmed the accuracy of the developed FA assay to study cap-binding protein binders. The applications of the most promising probes were then extended to include evaluation of allosteric inhibitors as well as RNA ligands. From this analysis, we confirmed the utility of the method to study small molecule ligands and evaluate differently 5′ capped RNAs.
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3
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Kasprzyk R, Starek BJ, Ciechanowicz S, Kubacka D, Kowalska J, Jemielity J. Fluorescent Turn-On Probes for the Development of Binding and Hydrolytic Activity Assays for mRNA Cap-Recognizing Proteins. Chemistry 2019; 25:6728-6740. [PMID: 30801798 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The m7 G cap is a unique nucleotide structure at the 5'-end of all eukaryotic mRNAs. The cap specifically interacts with numerous cellular proteins and participates in biological processes that are essential for cell growth and function. To provide small molecular probes to study important cap-recognizing proteins, we synthesized m7 G nucleotides labeled with fluorescent tags via the terminal phosph(on)ate group and studied how their emission properties changed upon protein binding or enzymatic cleavage. Only the pyrene-labeled compounds behaved as sensitive turn-on probes. A pyrene-labeled m7 GTP analogue showed up to eightfold enhanced fluorescence emission upon binding to eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and over 30-fold enhancement upon cleavage by decapping scavenger (DcpS) enzyme. These observations served as the basis for developing binding- and hydrolytic-activity assays. The assay utility was validated with previously characterized libraries of eIF4E ligands and DcpS inhibitors. The DcpS assay was also applied to study hydrolytic activity and inhibition of endogenous enzyme in cytoplasmic extracts from HeLa and HEK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kasprzyk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata J Starek
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Ciechanowicz
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kubacka
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Jemielity
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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Kaur T, Menon A, Garner AL. Synthesis of 7-benzylguanosine cap-analogue conjugates for eIF4E targeted degradation. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:339-350. [PMID: 30735900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is a key player in the initiation of cap-dependent translation through recognition of the m7GpppX cap at the 5' terminus of coding mRNAs. As eIF4E overexpression has been observed in a number of human diseases, most notably cancer, targeting this oncogenic translation initiation factor has emerged as a promising strategy for the development of novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Toward this end, in the present study, we have rationally designed a series of Bn7GxP-based PROTACs for the targeted degradation of eIF4E. Herein we describe our synthetic efforts, in addition to biochemical and cellular characterization of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanpreet Kaur
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Arya Menon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Amanda L Garner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Islam MS, Park S, Song C, Kadi AA, Kwon Y, Rahman AFMM. Fluorescein hydrazones: A series of novel non-intercalative topoisomerase IIα catalytic inhibitors induce G1 arrest and apoptosis in breast and colon cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 125:49-67. [PMID: 27654394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescein hydrazones (5 and 7) were synthesized in three/four steps with 82-92% yields. All synthesized compounds were evaluated by topoisomerase I (topo I) and topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα)-mediated relaxation and cell viability assays. Among them, most of the compounds showed topo I & IIα inhibitory activity and nineteen compounds showed strong anti-proliferative activity against various cell lines. In brief, 5e inhibited 53% topo IIα (etoposide 29%) at 20 μM and showed excellent antiproliferative activity against DU145 (1.43 ± 0.04 μM), HCT15 (2.4 ± 0.03 μM) and MCF7 (11.4 ± 0.5 μM) cell lines in comparison with adriamycin, etoposide, and camptothecin. Compounds 5e, 5g and 5h were further evaluated to determine their mode of action. Compounds 5e, 5g and 5h functioned as non-intercalative topo IIα catalytic inhibitor with induction of G1 arrest and activation of apoptotic proteins in dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahidul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seojeong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanju Song
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Adnan A Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea.
| | - A F M Motiur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Gunawardana D, Domashevskiy AV, Gayler KR, Goss DJ. Efficient preparation and properties of mRNAs containing a fluorescent cap analog: Anthraniloyl-m(7)GpppG. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 3:e988538. [PMID: 26779415 DOI: 10.4161/21690731.2014.988538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A method has been developed for synthesising fluorescently labeled capped mRNA. The method incorporates a single fluorescent molecule as part of the 5'-mRNA or oligonucleotide cap site. The fluorescent molecule, Ant-m(7)GTP is specifically incorporated into the cap site to yield Ant-m(7)GpppG-capped mRNA or oligonucleotide. Efficient capping was observed with 60-100% of the RNA transcripts capped with the fluorescent molecule. The Ant-m(7)G derivative, which has been previously shown to interact with the eukaryotic cap binding protein eIF4E, is shown in this paper to be a substrate for the Vaccinia capping enzyme and the DCP2 decapping enzyme from Arabidopsis. Further, the Ant-m(7)GTP-capped RNA is readily translated. This Ant-m(7)GTP-capped RNA provides an important tool for monitoring capping reactions, translation, and biophysical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilantha Gunawardana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; University of Melbourne, Parkville; Victoria, Australia; Present address: Department of Botany; University of Sri Jayewardenepura; Soratha Mawatha, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Artem V Domashevskiy
- Department of Sciences; John Jay College of Criminal Justice; City University of New York ; New York, NY USA
| | - Ken R Gayler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; University of Melbourne, Parkville ; Victoria, Australia
| | - Dixie J Goss
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center; Hunter College; City University of New York ; New York, NY USA
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Rahman AFMM, Park SE, Kadi AA, Kwon Y. Fluorescein hydrazones as novel nonintercalative topoisomerase catalytic inhibitors with low DNA toxicity. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9139-51. [PMID: 25333701 DOI: 10.1021/jm501263m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescein hydrazones (3a-3l) were synthesized in three steps with 86-91% overall yields. Topo I- and IIα-mediated relaxation and cell viability assay were evaluated. 3d inhibited 47% Topo I (camptothecin, 34%) and 20% Topo II (etoposide 24%) at 20 μM. 3l inhibited 61% Topo II (etoposide 24%) at 20 μM. 3d and 3l were further evaluated to determine their mode of action with diverse methods of kDNA decatenation, DNA-Topo cleavage complex, comet, DNA intercalating/unwinding, and Topo IIα-mediated ATP hydrolysis assays. 3d functioned as a nonintercalative dual inhibitor against the catalytic activities of Topo I and Topo IIα. 3l acted as a Topo IIα specific nonintercalative catalytic inhibitor. 3d activated apoptotic proteins as it increased the level of cleaved capase-3 and cleaved PARP in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The dose- and time-dependent increase of G1 phase population was observed by treatment of 3d along with the increase of p27(kip1) and the decrease of cyclin D1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F M Motiur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Synthesis of a fluorescein–porphyrin hybrid and its supramolecular self-assembly with amino-porphyrinatocopper(II) by hydrogen bonding. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-010-9348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ghosh P, Park C, Peterson MS, Bitterman PB, Polunovsky VA, Wagner CR. Synthesis and evaluation of potential inhibitors of eIF4E cap binding to 7-methyl GTP. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:2177-80. [PMID: 15808492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2004] [Revised: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 01/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cap-dependent translation is initiated by the binding of eIF4E to capped mRNA (m(7)GpppN). We have prepared a small library of 7-methyl guanosine nucleoside and nucleotide analogs and evaluated their ability to inhibit eIF4E binding to 7-methyl GTP with a competitive eIF4E binding immunoassay. 5'-H-Phosphonate derivatives in which the 2'- and 3'-riboside hydroxyls were tethered together by an isopropylidene group were shown to be a new class of inhibitors of eIF4E binding to capped mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phalguni Ghosh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Lu JZ, Tan XC, Huang JW, Dong CH, Fu B, Yu HC, Ji LN. A novel fluorescein-porphyrinatozinc(II) hybrid: synthesis and its supramolecular self-assembly with imidazolyl-linked porphyrinatomanganese(III) by coordinative bonding. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-005-6735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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