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Murakami M, Miki Y, Sato H, Murase R, Taketomi Y, Yamamoto K. Group IID, IIE, IIF and III secreted phospholipase A 2s. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:803-818. [PMID: 30905347 PMCID: PMC7106514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Among the 11 members of the secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) family, group IID, IIE, IIF and III sPLA2s (sPLA2-IID, -IIE, -IIF and -III, respectively) are “new” isoforms in the history of sPLA2 research. Relative to the better characterized sPLA2s (sPLA2-IB, -IIA, -V and -X), the enzymatic properties, distributions, and functions of these “new” sPLA2s have remained obscure until recently. Our current studies using knockout and transgenic mice for a nearly full set of sPLA2s, in combination with comprehensive lipidomics, have revealed unique and distinct roles of these “new” sPLA2s in specific biological events. Thus, sPLA2-IID is involved in immune suppression, sPLA2-IIE in metabolic regulation and hair follicle homeostasis, sPLA2-IIF in epidermal hyperplasia, and sPLA2-III in male reproduction, anaphylaxis, colonic diseases, and possibly atherosclerosis. In this article, we overview current understanding of the properties and functions of these sPLA2s and their underlying lipid pathways in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Remi Murase
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan; Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.
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KARIMI SAFOORA, DADVAR MITRA, DABIR BAHRAM. NUMERICAL MODELING OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS LESION EVOLUTION IN TIME I. INITIAL STAGE OF THE DISEASE. J MECH MED BIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519416500688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the main causes of death in the developed world. The disease, which is an inflammatory disease, has been the focus of many studies. A few studies attempted to model atherosclerosis lesion development mathematically while no attention has been paid to the multistage nature of the disease. The present study provides a mathematical model for atherosclerosis evolution by focusing on the inflammatory responses of the initial stage of the disease. In the model, the inflammatory response in type I lesion, which includes endothelium dysfunction, LDL oxidation, monocytes entry, foam cell formation and intima property changes, are coupled with the transport equations of blood and LDL in lumen and arterial wall. The innovation of the model is determination of the duration of the initial stage of lesion propagation for a specific patient while the presence of leaky junction in endothelial layer and LDL oxidation in the intima layer are considered. The greatest advantage of the study in comparison with previous studies is to provide a model for the initiating stage of the atherosclerosis development so that a more precise result of the disease evolution is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- SAFOORA KARIMI
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful 64616-18674, Iran
| | - MITRA DADVAR
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - BAHRAM DABIR
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Sequential change in physicochemical properties of LDL during oxidative modification. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 193:52-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dullaart RP, de Vries R, Lefrandt JD. Increased large VLDL and small LDL particles are related to lower bilirubin in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:170-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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The adipocyte-inducible secreted phospholipases PLA2G5 and PLA2G2E play distinct roles in obesity. Cell Metab 2014; 20:119-32. [PMID: 24910243 PMCID: PMC4079757 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, including obesity and insulin resistance, have their basis in dysregulated lipid metabolism and low-grade inflammation. In a microarray search of unique lipase-related genes whose expressions are associated with obesity, we found that two secreted phospholipase A2s (sPLA2s), PLA2G5 and PLA2G2E, were robustly induced in adipocytes of obese mice. Analyses of Pla2g5(-/-) and Pla2g2e(-/-) mice revealed distinct roles of these sPLA2s in diet-induced obesity. PLA2G5 hydrolyzed phosphatidylcholine in fat-overladen low-density lipoprotein to release unsaturated fatty acids, which prevented palmitate-induced M1 macrophage polarization. As such, PLA2G5 tipped the immune balance toward an M2 state, thereby counteracting adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. PLA2G2E altered minor lipoprotein phospholipids, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, and moderately facilitated lipid accumulation in adipose tissue and liver. Collectively, the identification of "metabolic sPLA2s" adds this gene family to a growing list of lipolytic enzymes that act as metabolic coordinators.
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Sakurai T, Ichikawa A, Furukawa H, Wada N, Nagasaka A, Takahashi Y, Fujikawa M, Ikuta A, Furumaki H, Shiga M, Shimizu C, Hui SP, Jin S, Takeda S, Fuda H, Nagasaka H, Kobayashi S, Chiba H. Novel monoclonal antibody recognizing triglyceride-rich oxidized LDLs associated with severe liver disease and small oxidized LDLs in normal subjects. Ann Clin Biochem 2012; 49:456-62. [DOI: 10.1258/acb.2012.011284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Triglyceride-rich low-density lipoproteins (TG-rich LDLs) in the plasma of patients with severe liver disease are reported to change macrophages into foam cells in vitro. Methods Male BALB/c mice were immunized with TG-rich LDLs isolated from the plasma of a patient with severe liver disease. The resulting monoclonal antibody (G11-6) was used in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in combination with polyclonal anti-apolipoprotein B antibodies. The time course of copper-mediated LDL oxidation was monitored using this ELISA. The results were compared with those of the two commercial ELISAs for oxidized LDLs using DLH or ML25, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and the optical absorbance for the conjugated dienes generated in lipid peroxides. Furthermore, the lipoprotein fractions separated by gel filtration were tested with this ELISA in healthy volunteers ( n = 11) and patients ( n = 3) with liver disease. Results G11-6 reacted with oxidized LDLs during only the early phase of copper oxidation, being distinct from the other monoclonal antibodies and methods. G11-6 was confirmed to react with TG-rich LDLs in patients, while it reacted with small LDL particles in normal controls. Conclusions The monoclonal antibody G11-6 is useful for detecting oxidized small LDLs in normal controls and oxidized TG-rich LDLs in patients with severe liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Sakurai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812
| | - Ayako Ichikawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648
| | - Hiroyuki Furukawa
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Regeneration, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638
| | | | | | - Yuji Takahashi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo 060-8604
| | - Masato Fujikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo 060-8604
| | - Akiko Ikuta
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812
| | - Hiroaki Furumaki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812
| | - Maiko Shiga
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648
| | - Chikara Shimizu
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812
| | - Shigeki Jin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812
| | - Seiji Takeda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812
| | - Hirotoshi Fuda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812
| | - Hironori Nagasaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Takarazuka City Hospital, Takarazuka 665-0827, Japan
| | - Seiichi Kobayashi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812
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Koller E, Volf I, Gurvitz A, Koller F. Modified Low-Density Lipoproteins and High-Density Lipoproteins. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HAEMOSTASIS AND THROMBOSIS 2006; 35:322-45. [PMID: 16877881 DOI: 10.1159/000093225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It has long been known that the oxidative state of the various plasma lipoproteins modulates platelet aggregability, thereby contributing to atherogenesis. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), occurring in vivo both in the native and oxidised forms, interacts directly with platelets, by binding to specific receptors. While the identity of the receptors for native LDL and some subfractions of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) remains disputed, apoE-containing HDL(2) binds to LRP8. The nature of these interactions as well as the distinction between candidate receptor proteins was elucidated using covalently modified apolipoproteins, which pointed to the participation of apolipoproteins in high affinity binding. However, the platelet effects initiated by binding of native lipoproteins remain controversial. Some of this ambiguity can be traced to the fact that native LDL inevitably undergoes substantial oxidisation upon modification, including by radiolabelling. The platelet-activating effects provoked by oxidised LDL are irrefutable, but many details remain unknown. The role of CD36 in platelet binding by oxidised LDL is well established, although additional receptors may exist. Much less is known about the interaction of oxidised HDL with platelets, since platelet activation was observed in some, but not all studies. Various frequently applied in vitro oxidation methods produce modified lipoprotein species that may not be relevant in vivo. Based on the reported modifications obtained by in vitro oxidation of LDL, early investigations focused mainly on the formation and the eventual effects of oxidised lipids. More recently, alterations to lipoproteins performed using hypochloric acid and myeloperoxidase redirected the attention to the role of modified apoproteins in triggering platelet responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Koller
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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