1
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Monreal-Corona R, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M, Pla-Quintana A, Poater A. Unveiling the Reaction Mechanisms of the Synthesis and the Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400069. [PMID: 38358389 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Given its wide variety of applications in the pharmaceutical industry, the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines has been extensively studied since the beginning of the last century. Here, we disclose the mechanism for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines by means of the Ortoleva-King reaction. We also reveal the reaction pathway leading to the formation of a iodinated byproduct, demonstrating the challenge of preventing the formation of such a byproduct because of the low energy barrier to access it. Moreover, quantum chemistry tools were employed to investigate the mechanism of intramolecular proton transfer in the excited state, and connections with aromaticity were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Monreal-Corona
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anton J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Pla-Quintana
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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2
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Tali JA, Kumar G, Sharma BK, Rasool Y, Sharma Y, Shankar R. Synthesis and site selective C-H functionalization of imidazo-[1,2- a]pyridines. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7267-7289. [PMID: 37655687 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00849e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine has attracted much interest in drug development because of its potent medicinal properties, therefore the discovery of novel methods for its synthesis and functionalization continues to be an exciting area of research. Although transition metal catalysis has fuelled the most significant developments, extremely beneficial metal-free approaches have also been identified. Even though pertinent reviews focused on imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine synthesis, properties (physicochemical and medicinal), and functionalization at the C3 position have been published, none of these reviews has focused on the outcomes obtained in the field of global ring functionalization. We wish here to describe a brief synthesis and an overview of all the functionalization reactions at each carbon atom, viz, C2, C3, C5, C6, C7 and C8 of this scaffold, divided into sections based on site-selectivity and the type of functionalization methods used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Ahmad Tali
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division (NPMC), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division (NPMC), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Bhupesh Kumar Sharma
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division (NPMC), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Younis Rasool
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division (NPMC), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Yashika Sharma
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division (NPMC), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India.
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division (NPMC), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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3
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Meanwell NA. The pyridazine heterocycle in molecular recognition and drug discovery. Med Chem Res 2023; 32:1-69. [PMID: 37362319 PMCID: PMC10015555 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The pyridazine ring is endowed with unique physicochemical properties, characterized by weak basicity, a high dipole moment that subtends π-π stacking interactions and robust, dual hydrogen-bonding capacity that can be of importance in drug-target interactions. These properties contribute to unique applications in molecular recognition while the inherent polarity, low cytochrome P450 inhibitory effects and potential to reduce interaction of a molecule with the cardiac hERG potassium channel add additional value in drug discovery and development. The recent approvals of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist relugolix (24) and the allosteric tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor deucravacitinib (25) represent the first examples of FDA-approved drugs that incorporate a pyridazine ring. In this review, the properties of the pyridazine ring are summarized in comparison to the other azines and its potential in drug discovery is illustrated through vignettes that explore applications that take advantage of the inherent physicochemical properties as an approach to solving challenges associated with candidate optimization. Graphical Abstract
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4
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Wang S, Chen Y, Chen D, Ye W, Yao L, Huang Z, Zhou Z. Synthesis, crystal structure and vibrational properties studies of (S)-N-(1-phenylethyl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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KOBAK RZ, AKKURT B. Formation and Uses of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines and Related Compounds: A Review Comprising Years 2000-2021. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1110922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This work covers the selected synthetic papers of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine and its derivatives between the years 2000 and 2021. Synthesis of the heterocyclic moiety, application of this scaffold to biological activities, and secondary applications like corrosion inhibition are provided. The authors hope that readers will find the treatise useful.
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6
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Hong B, Lin B, Yao Y, Li S, Weng Z. Synthesis of 3-substituted 2-trifluomethyl imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine through [3+2] cycloaddition of pyridinium ylide with trifluoroacetonitrile. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Sohail M, Bilal M, Maqbool T, Rasool N, Ammar M, Mahmood S, Malik A, Zubair M, Abbas Ashraf G. Iron-catalyzed synthesis of N-heterocycles via intermolecular and intramolecular cyclization reactions: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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8
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Kumbhar VV, Khairnar BB, Chaskar MG, Pawar RA, Gugale GS. Synthetic strategies in development of 3-aroylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and 2-aroylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines: A decade update. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2056057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant V. Kumbhar
- Department of Chemistry, PDEA’s Prof. Ramkrishna More College, Pune, India
- Interdisciplinary School of Science (IDSS), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Bhushan B. Khairnar
- Department of Chemistry, PDEA’s Prof. Ramkrishna More College, Pune, India
- Interdisciplinary School of Science (IDSS), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Manohar G. Chaskar
- Department of Chemistry, PDEA’s Prof. Ramkrishna More College, Pune, India
| | - Ramdas A. Pawar
- Department of Chemistry, PDEA’s Prof. Ramkrishna More College, Pune, India
| | - Gulab S. Gugale
- Department of Chemistry, PDEA’s Prof. Ramkrishna More College, Pune, India
- Department of Chemistry, Haribhai V. Desai College, Pune, India
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9
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Das D, Jena AK, Pal CK, Bourda L, Van Hecke K. CuI Nanoparticles‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of 3‐Nitro‐2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines using Oxygen as Oxidant. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dibya Das
- Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University Chemistry Department of ChemistryMaharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanjadeo University(Erstwhile North Orissa University) Sriram Chandra Vihar, Takatpur, Baripada, Od 757003 Baripada INDIA
| | - Ashis Kumar Jena
- North Orissa University Chemistry Sriram Chandra ViharTakatpur 757003 Baripada INDIA
| | - Chandan Kumar Pal
- Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University Chemistry Department of ChemistryMaharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanjadeo University(Erstwhile North Orissa University) Sriram Chandra Vihar, Takatpur, Baripada, Od 757003 Baripada INDIA
| | - Laurens Bourda
- Ghent University: Universiteit Gent Chemistry 9000 Ghent BELGIUM
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10
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Patel S, Globisch C, Pulugu P, Kumar P, Jain A, Shard A. Novel imidazopyrimidines-based molecules induce tetramerization of tumor pyruvate kinase M2 and exhibit potent antiproliferative profile. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 170:106112. [PMID: 34971746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of novel and potent lead molecules for the specific therapeutic targets by de novo drug design is still in infancy. Here, we disclose the unprecedented development of imidazopyri(mi)dine-based tumor pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) modulators by subsequent link and grow strategy. The most potent modulator 15n acts as a PKM2 activator with an AC50 of 90 nM, with considerable cancer cell-selectivity and membrane-permeability. NMR metabolomics studies also revealed that treatment with 15n results in diminution in lactate concentrations in MCF-7 cells. 15n binds to a previously reported site at PKM2 adjacent to the interface of two monomers. In molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies, it was observed that 15n stabilizes the PKM2 at the dimeric interface, assisting in the formation of a biologically active tetramer conformation. 15n was also screened on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines grown on 3-D scaffolds, and the results exhibited better anticancer potential compared to control, paving the way for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagarkumar Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj-Basan Road, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Priyanka Pulugu
- Department of Medical Devices National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj-Basan Road, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Prasoon Kumar
- Department of Medical Devices National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj-Basan Road, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Alok Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj-Basan Road, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India; Department of Bioengineering, BIT Mesra, Ranchi, India.
| | - Amit Shard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj-Basan Road, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India.
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11
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Azargashb S, Sarvary A, Hassaninejad-Darzi SK. Synthesized NaA nanozeolite as a catalyst for the preparation of 3-amino imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines under solvent-free conditions. LETT ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178619666211220103759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The present study explores a new method for the fabrication of NaA nanozeolite as a simple and efficient catalyst for the production of 3-aminoimidazo [1,2-a] pyridines through the 3-component reaction of aldehydes, 2-aminoperidines and isocyanides under solvent-free conditions. The production of organic template free (OTF) NaA nanozeolite was performed at room temperature. The prepared nanozeolite was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electronic microscopy (FESEM), N2 sorption isotherm and particle size analysis (PSA). The particle sizes of synthesized spherical NaA nanozeolite were under 100 nm via the FESEM method. The BET surface area, total pore volume and mean pore diameter of the created sample were attained to be 362 m2g-1, 0.44 cm3 g-1 and 5.9 nm, respectively. The developed method has some advantages such as OTF production of NaA nanozeolite, simple synthesis method with short reaction time and easy separation using filtration and the ability to recycle and reuse of catalyst several times without reducing its efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Azargashb
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Shariati Ave, Iran
| | - Afshin Sarvary
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Shariati Ave, Iran
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12
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Abstract
2-Aminopyridine is a simple, low molecular weight and perfectly functionalised moiety known for the synthesis of diverse biological molecules. Many pharmaceutical companies across the globe aim to synthesise low-molecular weight molecules for use as pharmacophores against various biological targets. 2-Aminopyridine can serve as a perfect locomotive in the synthesis and pulling of such molecules towards respective pharmacological goals. The major advantage of this moiety is its simple design, which can be used to produce single products with minimum side reactions. Moreover, the exact weight of synthesised compounds is low, which enables facile identification of toxicity-causing metabolites in drug discovery programmes. This manuscript is a quick review of such pharmacophores derived from 2-aminopyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas Nishanth Rao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
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13
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Pavithra T, Devi ES, Nagarajan S, Sridharan V, Maheswari CU. Sulfur Catalyzed Metal‐ and Solvent‐Free ABB'C Four‐Component Synthesis of
N
‐Arylidene‐2‐aryl‐imidazo[1‐2‐
a
]azin‐3‐amines via Strecker Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thangavel Pavithra
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613401 India
| | - E. Sankari Devi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613401 India
| | - Subbiah Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology-Warangal Warangal 506004 India
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla) District-Samba Jammu 181143, J&K India
| | - C. Uma Maheswari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613401 India
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14
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Sree Uppalapati D, Sekhara Reddy Dachuru R, Veni Sunkara S. Metal-Free Regioselective Synthesis of 2-Nitro-3-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via Oxidative Amination under Air Using Silica Sulfuric Acid as an Effective Heterogeneous Catalyst. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-21-14464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Nadaf AA, Gaonkar S, Mantur S, Najare MS, Yaseen M, Sunagar MG, Joshi S, Khazi IAM. Synthesis of 2‐Chloro‐
N
‐(4‐(6‐chloro
H
‐imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐2‐yl)phenyl) Acetamide Derivatives as Antitubercular Agents. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AfraQuasar A. Nadaf
- Department of Chemistry Karnatak University Dharwad 580003 Karnataka India
- K. L. E. Soceity's P. C. Jabin Science College Hubballi Karnataka India
| | - Supreet Gaonkar
- Department of Chemistry Karnatak University Dharwad 580003 Karnataka India
| | - Shivaraj Mantur
- Department of Chemistry Karnatak University Dharwad 580003 Karnataka India
| | - Mahesh S. Najare
- Department of Chemistry Karnatak University Dharwad 580003 Karnataka India
| | - Mohammed Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry Karnatak University Dharwad 580003 Karnataka India
| | | | - Shrinivas Joshi
- Novel Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry S.E.T.'s College of Pharmacy, Sangolli Rayanna Nagar Dharwad 580 002 Karnataka India
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16
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Godugu K, Nallagondu CGR. Solvent and catalyst‐free synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines by grindstone chemistry. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Godugu
- Department of Chemistry, Green and Sustainable Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory Yogi Vemana University Kadapa India
| | - Chinna Gangi Reddy Nallagondu
- Department of Chemistry, Green and Sustainable Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory Yogi Vemana University Kadapa India
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17
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Mutkule N, Bugad N, Mokale S, Choudhari V, Ubale M. Novel approach in the synthesis of imidazo [1, 2‐
a
] pyridine from phenyl acrylic acids. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Mutkule
- Department of ChemistryVasantrao Naik Mahavidyalya, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
| | - Nageshprasad Bugad
- Department of ChemistryVasantrao Naik Mahavidyalya, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
| | - Santosh Mokale
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryY. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
| | - Vilas Choudhari
- Department of Chemistry, Yogeshwari Mahavidyalya, AmbejogaiDr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Beed India
| | - Milind Ubale
- Department of ChemistryVasantrao Naik Mahavidyalya, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
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18
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Bhutia Z, Panjikar PC, Iyer S, Chatterjee A, Banerjee M. Iodine Promoted Efficient Synthesis of 2-Arylimidazo[1,2- a]pyridines in Aqueous Media: A Comparative Study between Micellar Catalysis and an "On-Water" Platform. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:13333-13343. [PMID: 32548520 PMCID: PMC7288711 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In a new and environmentally sustainable approach, a series of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives were synthesized in aqueous media in the presence of iodine as a catalyst. The reaction proceeded by condensation of various aryl methyl ketones with 2-aminopyridines to afford 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in good overall yields. Although several of the reactions were efficiently performed "on water", the addition of a surfactant, namely, sodium dodecyl sulphate , was found effective in terms of substrate scope and yield enhancement. Both methods were successfully used for the gram-scale synthesis of a marketed drug, zolimidine. The simple experimental setup, water as "green" media, and inexpensive catalyst are some of the merits of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigmee
T. Bhutia
- Department
of Chemistry, BITS Pilani-K. K. Birla Goa
Campus, NH 17 B Bypass
Road, Zuarinagar, Sancoale 403726, Goa, India
| | - Padmini C. Panjikar
- Department
of Chemistry, BITS Pilani-K. K. Birla Goa
Campus, NH 17 B Bypass
Road, Zuarinagar, Sancoale 403726, Goa, India
- Parvatibai
Chowgule College of Arts & Science (Autonomous), Margao 403602, Goa, India
| | - Shruti Iyer
- Department
of Chemistry, BITS Pilani-K. K. Birla Goa
Campus, NH 17 B Bypass
Road, Zuarinagar, Sancoale 403726, Goa, India
| | - Amrita Chatterjee
- Department
of Chemistry, BITS Pilani-K. K. Birla Goa
Campus, NH 17 B Bypass
Road, Zuarinagar, Sancoale 403726, Goa, India
- . Phone: +91-832-2580-320. Fax: +91-832-255-7031
| | - Mainak Banerjee
- Department
of Chemistry, BITS Pilani-K. K. Birla Goa
Campus, NH 17 B Bypass
Road, Zuarinagar, Sancoale 403726, Goa, India
- . Phone: +91-832-2580-347. Fax: +91-832-255-7031
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19
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Babar DA, Rode HB. Cobalt-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Imidazo[1,2-a
]pyridine with Aryl Iodides. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dattatraya A. Babar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad Telangana India
- CSIR-HRDC Campus; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); Kamla Nehru Nagar 201001 Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Haridas B. Rode
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad Telangana India
- CSIR-HRDC Campus; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); Kamla Nehru Nagar 201001 Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
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20
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Chate AV, Kulkarni AS, Jadhav CK, Nipte AS, Bondle GM. Multicomponent reactions and supramolecular catalyst: A perfect synergy for eco‐compatible synthesis of pyrido[2,3‐
d
]pyrimidines in water. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asha V. Chate
- Department of Chemistry Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
| | - Ankita S. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
| | - Chetan K. Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
| | - Amol S. Nipte
- Department of Chemistry Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
| | - Girabala M. Bondle
- Department of Chemistry Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
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21
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Vega Alanis BA, Iorio MT, Silva LL, Bampali K, Ernst M, Schnürch M, Mihovilovic MD. Allosteric GABA A Receptor Modulators-A Review on the Most Recent Heterocyclic Chemotypes and Their Synthetic Accessibility. Molecules 2020; 25:E999. [PMID: 32102309 PMCID: PMC7070463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAA receptor modulators are structurally almost as diverse as their target protein. A plethora of heterocyclic scaffolds has been described as modulating this extremely important receptor family. Some made it into clinical trials and, even on the market, some were dismissed. This review focuses on the synthetic accessibility and potential for library synthesis of GABAA receptor modulators containing at least one heterocyclic scaffold, which were disclosed within the last 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Angelica Vega Alanis
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/193, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.A.V.A.); (M.T.I.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Maria Teresa Iorio
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/193, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.A.V.A.); (M.T.I.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Luca L. Silva
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité–Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Konstantina Bampali
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Margot Ernst
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/193, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.A.V.A.); (M.T.I.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Marko D. Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/193, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.A.V.A.); (M.T.I.); (M.D.M.)
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22
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Veer B, Singh R. Facile synthesis of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines catalysed by DBU in aqueous ethanol. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2019.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile protocol for the synthesis of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines was developed using two-component cyclization of substituted 2-aminopyridines and substituted phenacyl bromides in 65–94% yield. The reaction was DBU catalysed using green solvent, aqueous ethanol (1 : 1 v/v) at room temperature. The atom economy of the products was calculated to be 66.25–73.41%. The developed protocol successfully exhibits a broad substrate scope, less reaction time, high to moderate yield and multigram scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Veer
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110 042, India
| | - Ram Singh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110 042, India
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23
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Dutta NB, Sharma S, Chetry RL, Baishya G. A Green Protocol for the Synthesis of
α
‐Diazo‐
β
‐hydroxyesters and One‐Pot Conversion to
β
‐Keto‐Esters and Imidazo[1,2‐
a
]pyridine‐3‐carboxylates. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Baruah Dutta
- Natural Products Chemistry Group, Chemical Science & Technology DivisionCSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
- Rain Forest Research Institute Jorhat 785001
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Suraj Sharma
- Natural Products Chemistry Group, Chemical Science & Technology DivisionCSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Rudra Lal Chetry
- Natural Products Chemistry Group, Chemical Science & Technology DivisionCSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
| | - Gakul Baishya
- Natural Products Chemistry Group, Chemical Science & Technology DivisionCSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
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24
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Gupta A, Sasan S, Kour A, Nelofar N, Manikrao Mondhe D, Kapoor KK. Triarylimidazo[1,2- a]pyridine-8-carbonitriles: solvent-free synthesis and their anti-cancer evaluation. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1605445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annah Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Sonakshi Sasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Avneet Kour
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu, India
| | | | - Dilip Manikrao Mondhe
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu, India
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25
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Katrun P, Kuhakarn C. K2S2O8-Mediated halogenation of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines using sodium halides as the halogen sources. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Bhutia Z, Das D, Chatterjee A, Banerjee M. Efficient and "Green" Synthetic Route to Imidazo[1,2- a]pyridine by Cu(II)-Ascorbate-Catalyzed A 3-Coupling in Aqueous Micellar Media. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:4481-4490. [PMID: 31459643 PMCID: PMC6647986 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and environmentally sustainable method for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives by domino A3-coupling reaction catalyzed by Cu(II)-ascorbate was developed in aqueous micellar media in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The catalyst, a dynamic combination of Cu(II)/Cu(I), was generated in situ in the reaction mixture by mixing CuSO4 with sodium ascorbate and aided a facile 5-exo-dig cycloisomerization of alkynes with the condensation products of 2-aminopyridines and aldehydes to afford a variety of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in good overall yields. A simple experimental setup, water as the "green" medium, and inexpensive catalyst and auxiliary are some of the merits of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mainak Banerjee
- E-mail: . Phone: +91-832-2580-347. Fax: +91-832-255-7031 (M.B.)
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27
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Sunkari S, Bonam SR, Rao AVS, Riyaz S, Lakshma Nayak V, Kumar HMS, Kamal A, Nagendra Babu B. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new bisindole-imidazopyridine hybrids as apoptosis inducers. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:484-494. [PMID: 30927589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of diindolylmethanes (5a-t) were designed, synthesized, and examined for their cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines like prostate (DU-145), lung (A549), breast (MCF-7) and cervical cancer (HeLa). These results revealed that among all the hybrids, two (5k and 5r) were identified and exhibited significant cytotoxic effect against A549 cancer cells with IC50 values of 1.65 ± 0.3 and 1.80 ± 0.8 µM respectively. To investigate the reasons for the cytotoxic activity, the conventional biological assays were carried out with 5k and 5r on the A549 cancer cells. Both hybrids led to the arrest of A549 cell lines at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and strongly induced apoptosis. Further the apoptotic effects of 5k and 5r were confirmed by ROS, annexin-V FITC, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, structure-activity relationships were elucidated with various substitutions on these hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Sunkari
- Centre for Semio Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110 025, India
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110 025, India; Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - A V Subba Rao
- Centre for Semio Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sd Riyaz
- Department of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad 500085, India
| | - V Lakshma Nayak
- Centre for Semio Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Halmuthur Mahabalarao Sampath Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110 025, India; Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Centre for Semio Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110 025, India; School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Bathini Nagendra Babu
- Centre for Semio Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110 025, India.
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28
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One-Pot NBS-Promoted Synthesis of Imidazoles and Thiazoles from Ethylarenes in Water. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050893. [PMID: 30836604 PMCID: PMC6429224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile and eco-friendly method has been developed for the synthesis of imidazoles and thiazoles from ethylarenes in water. The reaction proceeds via in situ formation of α-bromoketone using NBS as a bromine source as well as an oxidant, followed by trapping with suitable nucleophiles to provide the corresponding products in good yields under metal-free conditions.
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29
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Kwong HC, Chidan Kumar CS, Mah SH, Mah YL, Chia TS, Quah CK, Lim GK, Chandraju S. Crystal Correlation Of Heterocyclic Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine Analogues and Their Anticholinesterase Potential Evaluation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:926. [PMID: 30700752 PMCID: PMC6354011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-based compounds are clinically important to the treatments of heart and circulatory failures, while many are under development for pharmaceutical uses. In this study, a series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-based derivatives 2(a-o) were synthesized by reacting a-haloketones with 2-aminopyridines in a basic media at ambient temperature. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies suggest that with low degree-of-freedom, the introduction of bulky adamantyl or electron-rich biphenyl moiety into the imidazopyridine derivatives will not affect its structural occupancy. Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-based derivatives with biphenyl side chain are potential AChE inhibitors. Compound 2h which bears a biphenyl side chain and methyl substituent at the position R4 of the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring showed the strongest AChE inhibition with an IC50 value of 79 µM. However, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives with phenyl side chain exhibit better BChE inhibition effect among the series. Compound 2j with 3,4-dichlorophenyl side chain and unsubstituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring appears to be the strongest BChE inhibitor with an IC50 value of 65 µM and good selectivity. The inhibitory effects of active compounds were further confirmed by computational molecular docking studies. The results unveiled that peripheral anionic sites of AChE and acyl pocket of BChE were the predominated binding sites for the subjected inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey Chong Kwong
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800 USM, Malaysia.
| | - C S Chidan Kumar
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Vidya Vikas Institute of Engineering & Technology, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Alanahalli, Mysuru, 570028, Karnataka, India
| | - Siau Hui Mah
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yew Leng Mah
- Hospital Pulau Pinang, Jalan Residensi, 10990 George Town, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Tze Shyang Chia
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800 USM, Malaysia
| | - Ching Kheng Quah
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800 USM, Malaysia.
| | - Gin Keat Lim
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800 USM, Malaysia
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30
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Aydıner B, Seferoğlu Z. Proton Sensitive Functional Organic Fluorescent Dyes Based on Coumarin-imidazo[1,2-a
]pyrimidine; Syntheses, Photophysical Properties, and Investigation of Protonation Ability. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Aydıner
- Department of Chemistry; Gazi University; Teknikokullar 06500 Ankara Turkey
| | - Zeynel Seferoğlu
- Department of Chemistry; Gazi University; Teknikokullar 06500 Ankara Turkey
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31
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Metal-free, base catalyzed oxidative amination and denitration reaction: Regioselective synthesis of 3-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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32
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Sayeed IB, Vishnuvardhan MVPS, Nagarajan A, Kantevari S, Kamal A. Imidazopyridine linked triazoles as tubulin inhibitors, effectively triggering apoptosis in lung cancer cell line. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:714-720. [PMID: 30075408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A library of new imidazopyridine linked triazole hybrid conjugates (8a-r) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines namely, human lung (A549), human prostate (DU-145), human colon (HCT-116) and breast (MDA-MB 231) cancer. These conjugates exhibited good to moderate activity against the tested human cancer cell lines. Two of the conjugates (8g and 8j) showed significant antitumor activity against human lung cancer cell line (A549) with IC50 values of 0.51 µM and 0.63 µM respectively. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that these conjugates arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase in human lung cancer cell line (A549). Immune-histochemistry and tubulin polymerization assay suggest inhibition of tubulin. Hoechst staining, annexin V and DNA fragmentation by tunnel assay suggested that these compounds induce cell death by apoptosis. Overall, the current study demonstrates that the synthesis of imidazopyridine linked triazole conjugates as promising anticancer agents causing G2/M arrest and apoptotic-inducing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Bin Sayeed
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - M V P S Vishnuvardhan
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Apoorva Nagarajan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Department of Crop Protection Chemicals, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Srinivas Kantevari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Department of Crop Protection Chemicals, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India.
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33
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Velcicky J, Schlapbach A, Heng R, Revesz L, Pflieger D, Blum E, Hawtin S, Huppertz C, Feifel R, Hersperger R. Modulating ADME Properties by Fluorination: MK2 Inhibitors with Improved Oral Exposure. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:392-396. [PMID: 29670707 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MAP-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) plays an important role in the regulation of innate immune response as well as in cell survival upon DNA damage. Despite its potential for the treatment of inflammation and cancer, to date no MK2 low molecular weight inhibitors have reached the clinic, mainly due to inadequate absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties. We describe here an approach based on specifically placed fluorine within a recently described pyrrole-based MK2 inhibitor scaffold for manipulation of its physicochemical and ADME properties. While preserving target potency, the novel fluoro-derivatives showed greatly improved permeability as well as enhanced solubility and reduced in vivo clearance leading to significantly increased oral exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Velcicky
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Achim Schlapbach
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard Heng
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laszlo Revesz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Pflieger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Blum
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stuart Hawtin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Roland Feifel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rene Hersperger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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34
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Meanwell NA. Fluorine and Fluorinated Motifs in the Design and Application of Bioisosteres for Drug Design. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5822-5880. [PMID: 29400967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1329] [Impact Index Per Article: 221.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties and relatively small size of fluorine endow it with considerable versatility as a bioisostere and it has found application as a substitute for lone pairs of electrons, the hydrogen atom, and the methyl group while also acting as a functional mimetic of the carbonyl, carbinol, and nitrile moieties. In this context, fluorine substitution can influence the potency, conformation, metabolism, membrane permeability, and P-gp recognition of a molecule and temper inhibition of the hERG channel by basic amines. However, as a consequence of the unique properties of fluorine, it features prominently in the design of higher order structural metaphors that are more esoteric in their conception and which reflect a more sophisticated molecular construction that broadens biological mimesis. In this Perspective, applications of fluorine in the construction of bioisosteric elements designed to enhance the in vitro and in vivo properties of a molecule are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development P.O. Box 4000, Princeton , New Jersey 08543-4000 , United States
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35
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Kour D, Gupta A, Kapoor KK, Gupta VK, Rajnikant R, Singh D, Das P. Iodine–NH4OAc mediated regioselective synthesis of 2-aroyl-3-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines from 1,3-diaryl-prop-2-en-1-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1330-1336. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02750h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, metal-free regioselective synthesis of 2-aroyl-3-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines from 1,3-diaryl-prop-2-en-1-ones has been developed by their reaction with 2-aminopyridine in the presence of I2/NH4OAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilpreet Kour
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Jammu
- Jammu-180006
- India
| | - Annah Gupta
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Jammu
- Jammu-180006
- India
| | | | - Vivek K. Gupta
- X-ray Crystallographic Group
- Department of Physics
- University of Jammu
- Jammu-180006
- India
| | - Rajnikant Rajnikant
- X-ray Crystallographic Group
- Department of Physics
- University of Jammu
- Jammu-180006
- India
| | - Deepika Singh
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu-180001
- India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu-180001
- India
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36
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Hariss L, Hadir KB, El-Masri M, Roisnel T, Grée R, Hachem A. Preparation of imidazo[1,2- a]- N-heterocyclic derivatives with gem-difluorinated side chains. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2115-2121. [PMID: 29062431 PMCID: PMC5647726 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using an aerobic oxidative coupling, different new imidazo[1,2-a]-N-heterocycles with gem-difluroroalkyl side chains have been prepared in fair yields by the reaction of gem-difluoroenones with aminopyridines, -pyrimidines and -pyridazines. Condensed heterocycles of this type play an important role as key core structures of various bioactive compounds. Further, starting with a chloroimidazopyridazine derivative, Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions as well as nucleophilic substitutions have been performed successfully in order to increase the molecular diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layal Hariss
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences (1) and PRASE-EDST, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kamal Bou Hadir
- American University of Beirut, Department of Chemistry, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Mirvat El-Masri
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences (1) and PRASE-EDST, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS UMR 6226, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - René Grée
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS UMR 6226, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Ali Hachem
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences (1) and PRASE-EDST, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
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37
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Bhagat SB, Telvekar VN. NBS mediated protocol for the synthesis of N -bridged fused heterocycles in water. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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38
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Tufail F, Singh S, Saquib M, Tiwari J, Singh J, Singh J. Catalyst-Free, Glycerol-Assisted Facile Approach to Imidazole-Fused Nitrogen-Bridgehead Heterocycles. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Tufail
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab, Department of Chemistry; University of Allahabad; Allahabad- 211002 India
| | - Swastika Singh
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab, Department of Chemistry; University of Allahabad; Allahabad- 211002 India
| | - Mohammad Saquib
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab, Department of Chemistry; University of Allahabad; Allahabad- 211002 India
| | - Jyoti Tiwari
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab, Department of Chemistry; University of Allahabad; Allahabad- 211002 India
| | - Jaya Singh
- Department of Chemistry; LRPG College; Sahibabad, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Jagdamba Singh
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab, Department of Chemistry; University of Allahabad; Allahabad- 211002 India
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Kókai E, Halász J, Dancsó A, Nagy J, Simig G, Volk B. Study on the Alkylation Reactions of N(7)-Unsubstituted 1,3-Diazaoxindoles. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050846. [PMID: 28534864 PMCID: PMC6154441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemistry of the 5,7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-one (1,3-diazaoxindole) compound family, possessing a drug-like scaffold, is unexplored. In this study, the alkylation reactions of N(7)-unsubstituted 5-isopropyl-1,3-diazaoxindoles bearing various substituents at the C(2) position have been investigated. The starting compounds were synthesized from the C(5)-unsubstituted parent compounds by condensation with acetone and subsequent catalytic reduction of the 5-isopropylidene moiety. Alkylation of the thus obtained 5-isopropyl derivatives with methyl iodide or benzyl bromide in the presence of a large excess of sodium hydroxide led to 5,7-disubstituted derivatives. Use of butyllithium as the base rendered alkylation in the C(5) position possible with reasonable selectivity, without affecting the N(7) atom. During the study on the alkylation reactions, some interesting by-products were also isolated and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Kókai
- Directorate of Drug Substance Development, Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, 1475 Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, 1521 Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Materials Technology, GAMF Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Pallasz Athéné University, P.O. Box 700, 6001 Kecskemét, Hungary.
| | - Judit Halász
- Directorate of Drug Substance Development, Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, 1475 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András Dancsó
- Directorate of Drug Substance Development, Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, 1475 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - József Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, 1521 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gyula Simig
- Directorate of Drug Substance Development, Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, 1475 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Volk
- Directorate of Drug Substance Development, Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, 1475 Budapest, Hungary.
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40
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Kumpulainen ETT, Högnäsbacka A. Modular Approach to Tricyclic Heterocycles through Copper Catalysis and Functionalization by Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Arylation. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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41
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Nandi D, Siwal SS, Mallick K. Mono Arylation of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and 1,2-dimethyl Imidazole: Application of Carbon Nitride Supported Palladium Catalyst. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debkumar Nandi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box; 524 Auckland Park 2006 South Africa
| | - Samarjeet S. Siwal
- Department of Chemistry; University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box; 524 Auckland Park 2006 South Africa
| | - Kaushik Mallick
- Department of Chemistry; University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box; 524 Auckland Park 2006 South Africa
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42
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Iodine–ammonium acetate promoted reaction between 2-aminopyridine and aryl methyl ketones: a novel approach towards the synthesis of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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43
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Subba Rao AV, Vishnu Vardhan MVPS, Subba Reddy NV, Srinivasa Reddy T, Shaik SP, Bagul C, Kamal A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of imidazopyridinyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole conjugates as apoptosis inducers and topoisomerase IIα inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2016; 69:7-19. [PMID: 27656775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of imidazopyridinyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole conjugates were synthesized and investigated for their cytotoxic activity and some compounds showed promising cytotoxic activity. Compound 8q (NSC: 763639) exhibited notable growth inhibition that satisfies threshold criteria at single dose (10μM) on all human cancer cell lines. This compound was further evaluated at five dose levels (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100μM) to obtain GI50 values ranging from 1.30 to 5.64μM. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that compound 8q arrests the A549 cells in sub G1 phase followed by induction of apoptosis which was further confirmed by Annexin-V-FITC, Hoechst nuclear staining, caspase 3 activation, measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS generation. Topo II mediated DNA relaxation assay results showed that conjugate 8q could significantly inhibit the activity of topo II. Moreover, molecular docking studies also indicated binding to the topoisomerase enzyme (PDBID 1ZXN).
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Subba Rao
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - M V P S Vishnu Vardhan
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - N V Subba Reddy
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - T Srinivasa Reddy
- IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Siddiq Pasha Shaik
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Chandrakant Bagul
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
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44
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Kong D, Wang X, Shi Z, Wu M, Lin Q, Wang X. Solvent- and catalyst-free synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines under microwave irradiation. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3184/174751916x14683327937934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A facile solvent- and catalyst-free method for the synthesis of a series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in good to excellent yields by the condensation of 2-aminopyridines with α-bromoketones under microwave irradiation has been developed. The important features of this method are that it is reasonably fast, very clean, high yielding, simple workup and environmentally benign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulin Kong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
| | - Xianghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, P.R. China
| | - Zaifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, P.R. China
| | - Mingshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
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45
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Rasheed S, Rao DN, Das P. Cobalt(II)-Catalyzed C−N Bond Formation: Synthesis of Aryl-Substituted Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sk. Rasheed
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road Jammu- 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi- 110025 India
| | - Desaboini Nageswar Rao
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road Jammu- 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi- 110025 India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road Jammu- 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi- 110025 India
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46
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Payra S, Saha A, Banerjee S. Nano-NiFe2O4 catalyzed microwave assisted one-pot regioselective synthesis of novel 2-alkoxyimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines under aerobic conditions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25540f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we have demonstrated regioselective synthesis of novel 2-alkoxy-3-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines using nano-NiFe2O4 as reusable catalyst via one-pot sequential aza-Michael addition, Fe-promoted ligand transfer and C–H imination reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Payra
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru GhasidasVishwavidyalaya (A Central University)
- Bilaspur–495009
- India
| | - Arijit Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru GhasidasVishwavidyalaya (A Central University)
- Bilaspur–495009
- India
| | - Subhash Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru GhasidasVishwavidyalaya (A Central University)
- Bilaspur–495009
- India
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47
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Esmaeili AA, Salehan F, Habibi A, Fakhari AR. Efficient synthesis of novel pyrano[2,3- d ]pyrido[1,2- a ]pyrimidine derivatives via isocyanide-based three-component reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Karale UB, Kalari S, Shivakumar J, Makane VB, Babar DA, Thakare RP, Babu BN, Chopra S, Rode HB. Ligand-free Pd-catalysed decarboxylative arylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxylic acids with aryl bromides. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12166g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile ligand-free method for Pd(OAc)2 catalysed decarboxylative arylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxylic acids with hetero(aryl) bromides has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam B. Karale
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Saradhi Kalari
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - Jala Shivakumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Hyderabad-500 037
- India
| | - Vitthal B. Makane
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Dattatraya A. Babar
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Ritesh P. Thakare
- Microbiology Division
- Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226 031
- India
| | - Bathini Nagendra Babu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Hyderabad-500 037
- India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Microbiology Division
- Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226 031
- India
| | - Haridas B. Rode
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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49
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Yadav M, Dara S, Saikam V, Kumar M, Aithagani SK, Paul S, Vishwakarma RA, Singh PP. Regioselective Oxidative C-H Phosphonation of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and Related Heteroarenes Mediated by Manganese(III) Acetate. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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50
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Kamal A, Rao AVS, Nayak VL, Reddy NVS, Swapna K, Ramakrishna G, Alvala M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-benzimidazole hybrids as inhibitors of both tubulin polymerization and PI3K/Akt pathway. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:9864-80. [PMID: 25354805 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01930j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-benzimidazole hybrids (5a–aa) were prepared and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against a panel of sixty human tumor cell lines. Among them compounds 5d and 5l showed significant cytotoxic activity with GI50 values ranging from 1.06 to 14.9 μM and 0.43 to 7.73 μM, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that these compounds arrest the cell cycle at G2/M phase and induced cell death by apoptosis. The tubulin polymerization assay (IC50 of 5d is 3.25 μM and 5l is 1.71 μM) and immunofluorescence analysis showed that these compounds effectively inhibited the microtubule assembly in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Further, the apoptotic effects of compounds were confirmed by Hoechst staining, mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, ROS generation, caspase 9 activation and DNA fragmentation analysis. After treatment with these compounds for 48 h, p-PTEN and p-AKT levels were markedly decreased. Moreover, these compounds did not significantly inhibit the normal human embryonic kidney cells, HEK-293. The molecular docking simulations predicted the binding interactions of 5d and 5l with colchicine binding site of the tubulin, which is in compliance with the antiproliferative activity data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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