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Liu Y, Lu L, Zhou H, Xu F, Ma C, Huang Z, Xu J, Xu S. Chemodivergent synthesis of N-(pyridin-2-yl)amides and 3-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines from α-bromoketones and 2-aminopyridines. RSC Adv 2019; 9:34671-34676. [PMID: 35529989 PMCID: PMC9073897 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06724h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N-(Pyridin-2-yl)amides and 3-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines were synthesized respectively from α-bromoketones and 2-aminopyridine under different reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Lixue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Haipin Zhou
- College of Materials & Chemical Engineering
- Chuzhou University
- Chuzhou 239000
- China
| | - Feijie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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2
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Dai W, Liu Y, Tong T, Li X, Luo F. Rh(III)-catalyzed oxidative amidation of aldehydes: An efficient route to N-pyridinamides and imides. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(14)60141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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3
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Gottschalk S, Engelmann J, Rolla GA, Botta M, Parker D, Mishra A. Comparative in vitro studies of MR imaging probes for metabotropic glutamate subtype-5 receptor targeting. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 11:6131-41. [PMID: 23925571 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41297k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of magnetic resonance imaging probes has been evaluated to target selectively the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5). Eight imaging probes based on the contrast agent [Gd·DOTA], previously derived by linking it to a series of specific and selective mGluR5 antagonists, have been extensively tested for their functionality in vitro. The Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation Dispersion (NMRD) profiles of selected probes have been examined via field-cycling relaxometry in the presence and absence of a model protein. The properties of the targeted contrast agents were evaluated using a primary astrocyte model, as these cells mimic the in vivo situation effectively. The probes were non-toxic (up to 200 μM) to these mGluR5 expressing primary cells. Cellular proton longitudinal relaxation rate enhancements of up to 35% were observed by MRI at 200 μM of probe concentration. The antagonistic effect of all compounds was tested using an assay measuring changes of intracellular calcium levels. Furthermore, treatment at two different temperatures (4 °C vs. 37 °C) and of an mGluR5-negative cell line provided further insight into the selectivity and specificity of these probes towards cell surface mGluR5. Finally, two out of eight probes demonstrated an antagonistic effect as well as significant enhancement of receptor mediated cellular relaxation rates, strongly suggesting that they would be viable probes for the mapping of mGluR5 by MRI in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Gottschalk
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstrasse 41, Tuebingen, D-72076, Germany.
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4
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Gregory KJ, Noetzel MJ, Rook JM, Vinson PN, Stauffer SR, Rodriguez AL, Emmitte KA, Zhou Y, Chun AC, Felts AS, Chauder BA, Lindsley CW, Niswender CM, Conn PJ. Investigating metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 allosteric modulator cooperativity, affinity, and agonism: enriching structure-function studies and structure-activity relationships. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 82:860-75. [PMID: 22863693 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.080531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery programs increasingly are focusing on allosteric modulators as a means to modify the activity of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) targets. Allosteric binding sites are topographically distinct from the endogenous ligand (orthosteric) binding site, which allows for co-occupation of a single receptor with the endogenous ligand and an allosteric modulator that can alter receptor pharmacological characteristics. Negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) inhibit and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) enhance the affinity and/or efficacy of orthosteric agonists. Established approaches for estimation of affinity and efficacy values for orthosteric ligands are not appropriate for allosteric modulators, and this presents challenges for fully understanding the actions of novel modulators of GPCRs. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu(5)) is a family C GPCR for which a large array of allosteric modulators have been identified. We took advantage of the many tools for probing allosteric sites on mGlu(5) to validate an operational model of allosterism that allows quantitative estimation of modulator affinity and cooperativity values. Affinity estimates derived from functional assays fit well with affinities measured in radioligand binding experiments for both PAMs and NAMs with diverse chemical scaffolds and varying degrees of cooperativity. We observed modulation bias for PAMs when we compared mGlu(5)-mediated Ca(2+) mobilization and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation data. Furthermore, we used this model to quantify the effects of mutations that reduce binding or potentiation by PAMs. This model can be applied to PAM and NAM potency curves in combination with maximal fold-shift data to derive reliable estimates of modulator affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Gregory
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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5
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Keck TM, Zou MF, Zhang P, Rutledge RP, Newman AH. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 negative allosteric modulators as novel tools for in vivo investigation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:544-549. [PMID: 22924094 DOI: 10.1021/ml3000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) have shown promising results in preclinical models for anxiety and drug abuse. Here we describe a series of aryl-substituted alkynyl analogues of the prototypic mGluR5 NAM 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP, 1). Displacement of [(3)H]1 binding in rat brain membranes showed that several of these novel compounds displayed high affinity binding (K(i) < 10 nM) for mGluR5, with up to a 24-fold increase in affinity over 1. Replacements of the 2-position Me on the pyridyl ring of 1 along with various 3'-CN, 5'-substitutions were generally well tolerated. All of the active analogues in this series had cLogP values in the 2-5 range and displayed inverse agonist characteristics in an ELISA-based assay of G(q)α-mediated IP3 production. Compounds 7i and 7j produced in vivo effects in mouse models of anxiety-like behaviors more potently than 1 or 3-((2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)pyridine (MTEP, 2), supporting their utility as in vivo tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry
Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National
Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive Baltimore,
Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Mu-Fa Zou
- Medicinal Chemistry
Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National
Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive Baltimore,
Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Peng Zhang
- Medicinal Chemistry
Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National
Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive Baltimore,
Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Rebecca P. Rutledge
- Medicinal Chemistry
Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National
Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive Baltimore,
Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry
Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National
Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive Baltimore,
Maryland 21224, United States
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6
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Emmitte KA. Recent advances in the design and development of novel negative allosteric modulators of mGlu(5). ACS Chem Neurosci 2011; 2:411-432. [PMID: 21927649 DOI: 10.1021/cn2000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu(5)) have remained attractive to researchers as potential therapies for a number of central nervous system related diseases, including anxiety, pain, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), addiction, Parkinson's disease (PD), and fragile X syndrome (FXS). In addition to the many publications with supportive preclinical data with key tool molecules, recent positive reports from the clinic have bolstered the confidence in this approach. During the two year time span from 2009 through 2010, a number of new mGlu(5) NAM chemotypes have been disclosed and discussed in the primary and patent literature. A summary of several efforts representing many diverse chemotypes are presented here, along with a discussion of representative structure activity relationships (SAR) and synthetic approaches to the templates where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. Emmitte
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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7
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Zou MF, Cao J, Rodriguez AL, Conn PJ, Newman AH. Design and synthesis of substituted N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamides as positive allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 21:2650-4. [PMID: 21295978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.12.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Based on SAR in the alkyne class of mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulators and a set of amide-based positive allosteric modulators, optimized substitution of the aryl 'b' ring was used to create substituted N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamides. Results from an mGlu5 receptor functional assay, using calcium fluorescence, revealed varying efficacies and potencies that provide evidence that subtle changes in compounds within a close structural class can have marked effects on functional activity including switches in modes of efficacy (i.e., negative to positive allosteric modulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Fa Zou
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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8
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Zhang P, Zou MF, Rodriguez AL, Conn PJ, Newman AH. Structure-activity relationships in a novel series of 7-substituted-aryl quinolines and 5-substituted-aryl benzothiazoles at the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:3026-35. [PMID: 20382541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) has been implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders including addiction. We have discovered that the rigid diaryl alkyne template, derived from the potent and selective noncompetitive mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP), can serve to guide the design of novel quinoline analogues and pharmacophore optimization has resulted in potent mGluR5 noncompetitive antagonists (EC(50) range 60-100 nM) in the quinoline series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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9
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Kulkarni SS, Zou MF, Cao J, Deschamps JR, Rodriguez AL, Conn PJ, Newman AH. Structure-activity relationships comparing N-(6-methylpyridin-yl)-substituted aryl amides to 2-methyl-6-(substituted-arylethynyl)pyridines or 2-methyl-4-(substituted-arylethynyl)thiazoles as novel metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 antagonists. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3563-75. [PMID: 19445453 DOI: 10.1021/jm900172f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) has been implicated in anxiety, depression, pain, mental retardation, and addiction. The potent and selective noncompetitive mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP, 1) has been a critically important tool used to further elucidate the role of mGluR5 in these CNS disorders. In an effort to provide novel and structurally diverse selective mGluR5 antagonists, we previously described a set of analogues with moderate activity wherein the alkyne bond was replaced with an amide group. In the present report, extended series of both amide and alkyne-based ligands were synthesized. MGluR5 binding and functional data were obtained that identified (1) several novel alkynes with comparable affinities to 1 at mGluR5 (e.g., 10 and 20-23), but (2) most structural variations to the amide template were not well tolerated, although a few potent amides were discovered (e.g., 55 and 56). Several of these novel analogues show drug-like physical properties (e.g., cLogP range = 2-5) that support their use for in vivo investigation into the role of mGluR5 in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh S Kulkarni
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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10
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Carroll FI. Antagonists at metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5: structure activity relationships and therapeutic potential for addiction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1141:221-32. [PMID: 18991960 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1441.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As a result of intensive investigation, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, a number of potent and selective metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) antagonists have been discovered. The structure activity relationship studies that led to the discovery of these mGluR5 antagonists are presented in this review. Results from studies on selected mGluR5 antagonists in animal models that simulate drug reward, reinforcement, and relapse appear promising. The comorbidity between drug abuse and anxiety and depression make drugs active in these disorders of great interest. Clinical studies showed that the mGluR5 antagonist fenobam was an active anxiolytic drug. Several new mGluR5 antagonists produced anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects in animal models of these disorders. The results from the clinical and animal studies provide information for new approaches to finding mechanistically distinct pharmacotherapies to help patients achieve and maintain abstinence from cocaine, methamphetamine, opiates, ethanol, and nicotine (smoking).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ivy Carroll
- Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA.
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11
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Kulkarni SS, Newman AH. Discovery of heterobicyclic templates for novel metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2987-91. [PMID: 17446071 PMCID: PMC1973162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 03/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of a series of heterobicyclic compounds with essential pharmacophoric features of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antagonists MPEP and MTEP provided novel structural templates with sub-micromolar affinities at the mGluR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh S Kulkarni
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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12
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Kulkarni SS, Newman AH. Design and synthesis of novel heterobiaryl amides as metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2074-9. [PMID: 17336520 PMCID: PMC1924965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 12/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of heterobiaryl amides was designed and synthesized as novel mGluR5 antagonists. The synthesis using palladium catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions provided an array of compounds with a range of in vitro activities. In particular, compound 9e, 4(3,5-difluorophenyl)-N-(6-methylpyridin-1-yl)picolinamide, exhibited nanomolar affinity at the mGluR5 and will serve as a template for future drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh S Kulkarni
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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13
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Ceccarelli SM, Jaeschke G, Buettelmann B, Huwyler J, Kolczewski S, Peters JU, Prinssen E, Porter R, Spooren W, Vieira E. Rational design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationship of benzoxazolones: New potent mglu5 receptor antagonists based on the fenobam structure. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1302-6. [PMID: 17189691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of potent and stable mGlu5 receptor antagonists was developed by combining information from a high-throughput screening campaign with the structure of the known anxiolytic fenobam. Representative compounds from this class show favorable pharmacokinetic properties and are active in an in vivo model of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona M Ceccarelli
- Pharmaceutical Division, Discovery Research, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd,CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
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