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Ye W, Tang Q, Zhou T, Zhou C, Fan C, Wang X, Wang C, Zhang K, Liao G, Zhou W. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of the positional isomers of the galactose conjugates able to target hepatocellular carcinoma cells via ASGPR-mediated cellular uptake and cytotoxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115988. [PMID: 38039790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Galactose as a recognizing motif for asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) is a widely accepted vector to deliver cytotoxic agents in the therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, the individual hydroxyl group of galactose (Gal) contributed to recognizing ASGPR is obscure and remains largely unanswered in the design of glycoconjugates. Herein, we designed and synthesized five positional isomers of Gal-anthocyanin Cy5.0 conjugates and three Gal-doxorubicin (Dox) isomers, respectively. The fluorescence intensity of Gal-Cy5.0 conjugates accumulated in cancer cells hinted the optimal modification sites of positions C2 and C6. Comparing to the cytotoxicity of other conjugates, C2-Gal-Dox (11) was the most potent. Moreover, Gal-Dox conjugates significantly the toxicity of Dox. A progressively lower internalization capacity and siRNA technology implied the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity directly related to the ASGPR expression level. Accordingly, position C2 of galactose may be the best substitution site via ASGPR mediation in the design of anti-HCC glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchong Ye
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qun Tang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuangchuang Fan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyu Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Guochao Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wen Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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2
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Au TH, Nguyen BN, Nguyen PH, Pethe S, Giang VT, Thu Ha TV. Vinblastine Loaded On Graphene Quantum Dots And Its Anticancer Applications. J Microencapsul 2022; 39:239-251. [PMID: 35352611 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2022.2060361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of our work is to load Vinblastine drug loaded on graphene quantum dots to improve its cytotoxicity on cancer cells and reduce it on normal cell in the composites. Moreover, GQDs-Vin composite significantly inhibited the tumor growth in animals. METHODS GQDs-Vin composites were prepared by homogenization of GQDs and Vin solutions. The loading of Vin on GQDs in the composites were characterized by FTIR, PL, UV-vis spectra, and TEM. The cytotoxicity of GQDs, Vin, and GQDs-Vin composites was investigated on the Hela, HGC-27, A549, MCF-7, CCF-STTG1 cells and Vero by in vitro and in vivo methods. The difference in cellular structure and organelles in mice's livers in comparison between control group and GQDs-Vin (1:5) groups was characterized by TEM. RESULTS The diameter of the nanoparticles of GQDs-Vin composites in weight ratios 1:1, 1:3 and 1:5 w/w of 50-70 nm, 100-150 nm and ∼500nm, respectively, is larger than that of GQDs of 10-50nm. The in vitro results showed that GQDs not only improved the cytotoxicity of Vin to cancer cells, but also decreased its cytotoxicity towards normal cells in the composites. The GQDs-Vin (1:5) composite exhibited a stronger tumor inhibition effect than Vin alone. The morphology of mice's livers showed the absence GQDs-Vin nanoparticles in the mice's livers suggests the lack of storage and the leakage from the liver without any toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Results of the improved cytotoxicity of GQDs-Vin composite on cancer cells, its reduced cytotoxicity on normal cell and the significant inhibition on tumor growth of GQDs-Vin composite compared with Vin and GQDs alone may indicate a synergistic effect of Vin and GQDs in their composites for anticancer application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hang Au
- National Key Laboratory for Petrochemical and Refinery Technologies, Ha Noi, Vietnam.,Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Bich Ngoc Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory for Petrochemical and Refinery Technologies, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Hoa Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory for Petrochemical and Refinery Technologies, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Stephanie Pethe
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Vo-Thanh Giang
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Thi Vu Thu Ha
- National Key Laboratory for Petrochemical and Refinery Technologies, Ha Noi, Vietnam
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Zhou C, Ye W, Cao Y, Wang M, Qi D, Liao G, Li H, Huang W, Chen W, Wang X, Zhou W. A gulose moiety contributes to the belomycin (BLM) disaccharide selective targeting to lung cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113866. [PMID: 34619466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Eight mono- or disaccharide analogues derived from BLM disaccharide, along with the corresponding carbohydate-dye conjugates have been designed and synthesized in this study, aiming at exploring the effect of a gulose residue on the cellular binding/uptake of BLM disaccharide and it possible uptake mechanism. Our evidence is presented indicating that, for the cellular binding/uptake of BLM disaccharide, a gulose residue is an essential subunit but unrelated to its chemical nature. Interestingly, d-gulose-dye conjugate is able to selectively target A549 cancer cells, but l-gulose-dye conjugate fails. Further uptake mechanism studies demonstrate d-gulose-dye derivatives similar to BLM disaccharide-dye ones behave in a temperature- and ATP-dependent manner, and are partly directed by the GLUT1 receptor. Moreover, d-gulose modifying gemcitabine 53a exhibits more potent antitumor activity compared to derivatives 53b-c in which gemcitabine is decorated with other monosaccharides. Taken together, the monosacharide d-gulose conjugate offers a new strategy for solving cytotoxic drugs via the increased tumor targeting in the therapy of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenchong Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Cao
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Meizhu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxia Qi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohao Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Houkai Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weiping Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenming Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Production Center&TCM and Ethnomedicine Development International Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 95, Shaoshan Rd, Changsha, Hunan, 41007, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Wen Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
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Huang KS, Yang CH, Wang YC, Wang WT, Lu YY. Microfluidic Synthesis of Vinblastine-Loaded Multifunctional Particles for Magnetically Responsive Controlled Drug Release. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E212. [PMID: 31058849 PMCID: PMC6571913 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinblastine (VBL) is a major chemotherapeutic drug; however, in some cases, it may cause severe side effects in patients with cancer. Designing a novel VBL pharmaceutical formulation is a crucial and emerging concern among researchers for reducing the use of VBL. This study developed a stimuli-responsive controlled VBL drug release system from magnetically sensitive chitosan capsules. A magnetically responsive controlled drug release system was designed by embedding superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles (NPs) in a chitosan matrix and an external magnet. In addition, droplet microfluidics, which is a novel technique for producing polymer spheres, was used for manufacturing monodispersed chitosan microparticles. The prepared VBL and SPIO NPs-loaded chitosan microparticles were characterized and analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, a superconducting quantum interference device, and a biocompatibility test. The drug encapsulation efficiency was 67%-69%. The in vitro drug release test indicated that the VBL could be 100% released from chitosan composite particles in 80-130 min under magnetic stimulation. The pulsatile magnetically triggered tests showed individual and distinctive controlled release patterns. Thus, the timing and dose of VBL release was controllable by an external magnet. The results presume that using a magnetically responsive controlled drug release system offers a valuable opportunity for VBL drug delivery, where the delivery system is an active participant, rather than a passive vehicle, in the optimization of cancer treatment. The proposed actively targeted magnetic drug delivery system offers many advantages over conventional drug delivery systems by improving the precision and timing of drug release, easy operation, and higher compliance for pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Shiang Huang
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hui Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Chin Wang
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ting Wang
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Yi Lu
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
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5
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Lee CT, Huang YW, Yang CH, Huang KS. Drug delivery systems and combination therapy by using vinca alkaloids. Curr Top Med Chem 2016; 15:1491-500. [PMID: 25877096 PMCID: PMC4997956 DOI: 10.2174/1568026615666150414120547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Developing new methods for chemotherapy drug delivery has become a topic of great concern. Vinca alkaloids are among the most widely used chemotherapy reagents for tumor therapy; however, their side effects are particularly problematic for many medical doctors. To reduce the toxicity and enhance the therapeutic efficiency of vinca alkaloids, many researchers have developed strategies such as using liposome-entrapped drugs, chemical- or peptide-modified drugs, polymeric packaging drugs, and chemotherapy drug combinations. This review mainly focuses on the development of a vinca alkaloid drug delivery system and the combination therapy. Five vinca alkaloids (eg, vincristine, vinblastine, vinorelbine, vindesine, and vinflunine) are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Keng-Shiang Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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6
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Synthesis of Betulin 28-(2-Bromoacetate) Conjugates with Uracil and its Methyl-Substituted Homologs. Chem Nat Compd 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-015-1325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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7
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Agarwal HK, Khalil A, Ishita K, Yang W, Nakkula RJ, Wu LC, Ali T, Tiwari R, Byun Y, Barth RF, Tjarks W. Synthesis and evaluation of thymidine kinase 1-targeting carboranyl pyrimidine nucleoside analogs for boron neutron capture therapy of cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 100:197-209. [PMID: 26087030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A library of sixteen 2nd generation amino- and amido-substituted carboranyl pyrimidine nucleoside analogs, designed as substrates and inhibitors of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) for potential use in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) of cancer, was synthesized and evaluated in enzyme kinetic-, enzyme inhibition-, metabolomic-, and biodistribution studies. One of these 2nd generation carboranyl pyrimidine nucleoside analogs (YB18A [3]), having an amino group directly attached to a meta-carborane cage tethered via ethylene spacer to the 3-position of thymidine, was approximately 3-4 times superior as a substrate and inhibitor of hTK1 than N5-2OH (2), a 1st generation carboranyl pyrimidine nucleoside analog. Both 2 and 3 appeared to be 5'-monophosphorylated in TK1(+) RG2 cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Biodistribution studies in rats bearing intracerebral RG2 glioma resulted in selective tumor uptake of 3 with an intratumoral concentration that was approximately 4 times higher than that of 2. The obtained results significantly advance the understanding of the binding interactions between TK1 and carboranyl pyrimidine nucleoside analogs and will profoundly impact future design strategies for these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh K Agarwal
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ahmed Khalil
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Keisuke Ishita
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Weilian Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Robin J Nakkula
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lai-Chu Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tehane Ali
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rohit Tiwari
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Rolf F Barth
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Werner Tjarks
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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8
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Madathil MM, Bhattacharya C, Yu Z, Paul R, Rishel MJ, Hecht SM. Modified bleomycin disaccharides exhibiting improved tumor cell targeting. Biochemistry 2014; 53:6800-10. [PMID: 25272367 PMCID: PMC4222530 DOI: 10.1021/bi501102z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bleomycins (BLMs) are a family of antitumor antibiotics used clinically for anticancer chemotherapy. Their antitumor selectivity derives at least in part from their ability to target tumor cells, a property that resides in the carbohydrate moiety of the antitumor agent. In earlier studies, we have demonstrated that the tumor cell selectivity resides in the mannose carbamoyl moiety of the BLM saccharide and that both the BLM disaccharide and monosaccharide containing the carbamoyl moiety were capable of the delivery/uptake of a conjugated cyanine dye into cultured cancer cell lines. Presently, the nature of the participation of the carbamoyl moiety has been explored further to provide compounds of utility for defining the nature of the mechanism of tumor cell recognition and uptake by BLM saccharides and in the hope that more efficient compounds could be identified. A library of seven disaccharide-Cy5** dye conjugates was prepared that are structural analogues of the BLM disaccharide. These differed from the natural BLM disaccharide in the position, orientation, and substitution of the carbamoyl group. Studies of these compounds in four matched sets of tumor and normal cell lines revealed a few that were both tumor cell selective and internalized 2-4-fold more efficiently than the natural BLM disaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandadas M Madathil
- Center for Bioenergetics, Biodesign Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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Abstract
The compound class of 3-carboranyl thymidine analogues (3CTAs) are boron delivery agents for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), a binary treatment modality for cancer. Presumably, these compounds accumulate selectively in tumor cells via intracellular trapping, which is mediated by hTK1. Favorable in vivo biodistribution profiles of 3CTAs led to promising results in preclinical BNCT of rats with intracerebral brain tumors. This review presents an overview on the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of first- and second-generation 3CTAs. Boronated nucleosides developed prior to 3CTAs for BNCT and non-boronated N3-substituted thymidine conjugates for other areas of cancer therapy and imaging are also described. In addition, basic features of carborane clusters, which are used as boron moieties in the design and synthesis of 3CTAs, and the biological and structural features of TK1-like enzymes, which are the molecular targets of 3CTAs, are discussed.
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Hanson RN, Hua E, Labaree D, Hochberg RB, Proffitt K, Essigmann JM, Croy RG. Convergent synthesis of a steroidal antiestrogen-mitomycin C hybrid using "click" chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:8501-8. [PMID: 23007562 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25902h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A convergent synthesis of a novel estrogen receptor-targeted drug hybrid was developed based on structures of the potent anti-proliferative mitomycin C and the steroidal anti-estrogen RU 39411. The steroidal antiestrogen was prepared with an azido-triethylene glycoloxy linker while the mitomycin C derivative (porfirimycin) incorporated a complementary 7-N-terminal alkyne. The two components were ligated using the Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition ("click") reaction. Preliminary biological assays demonstrated that the final hybrid compound retained both potent anti-estrogenic and anti-proliferative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Synthesis, chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis, and aqueous solubility of amino acid ester prodrugs of 3-carboranyl thymidine analogs for boron neutron capture therapy of brain tumors. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 55:325-34. [PMID: 22889558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Various water-soluble L-valine-, L-glutamate-, and glycine ester prodrugs of two 3-Carboranyl Thymidine Analogs (3-CTAs), designated N5 and N5-2OH, were synthesized for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) of brain tumors since the water solubilities of the parental compounds proved to be insufficient in preclinical studies. The amino acid ester prodrugs were prepared and stored as hydrochloride salts. The water solubilities of these amino acid ester prodrugs, evaluated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at pH 5, pH 6 and pH 7.4, improved 48-6600 times compared with parental N5 and N5-2OH. The stability of the amino acid ester prodrugs was evaluated in PBS at pH 7.4, Bovine serum, and Bovine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The rate of the hydrolysis in all three incubation media depended primarily on the amino acid promoiety and, to a lesser extend, on the site of esterification at the deoxyribose portion of the 3-CTAs. In general, 3'-amino acid ester prodrugs were less sensitive to chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis than 5'-amino acid ester prodrugs and the stabilities of the latter decreased in the following order: 5'-valine > 5'-glutamate > 5'-glycine. The rate of the hydrolysis of the 5'-amino acid ester prodrugs in Bovine CSF was overall higher than in PBS and somewhat lower than in Bovine serum. Overall, 5'-glutamate ester prodrug of N5 and the 5'-glycine ester prodrugs of N5 and N5-2OH appeared to be the most promising candidates for preclinical BNCT studies.
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Dao KL, Sawant RR, Hendricks JA, Ronga V, Torchilin VP, Hanson RN. Design, synthesis, and initial biological evaluation of a steroidal anti-estrogen-doxorubicin bioconjugate for targeting estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:785-95. [PMID: 22404783 DOI: 10.1021/bc200645n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As part of our program to develop breast cancer specific therapeutic agents, we have synthesized a conjugate agent that is a conjugate of the steroidal anti-estrogen and the potent cytotoxin doxorubicin. In this effort, we employed a modular assembly approach to prepare a novel 11β-substituted steroidal anti-estrogen functionalized with an azido-tetraethylene glycol moiety, which could be coupled to a complementary doxorubicin benzoyl hydrazone functionalized with a propargyl tetraethylene glycol moiety. Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition chemistry gave the final hybrid that was evaluated for selective uptake and cytotoxicity in ER(+)-MCF-7 and ER(-)-MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. The results demonstrated that the presence of the anti-estrogenic component in the hybrid compound was critical for selectivity and cytotoxicity in ER(+)-MCF-7 human breast cancer cells as the hybrid was ~70-fold more potent than doxorubicin in inhibition of cell proliferation and promoting cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinh-Luan Dao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA
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13
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Tiwari R, Toppino A, Agarwal HK, Huo T, Byun Y, Gallucci J, Hasabelnaby S, Khalil A, Goudah A, Baiocchi RA, Darby MV, Barth RF, Tjarks W. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and radioiodination of halogenated closo-carboranylthymidine analogues. Inorg Chem 2011; 51:629-39. [PMID: 22175713 DOI: 10.1021/ic202150b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and initial biological evaluation of 3-carboranylthymidine analogues (3CTAs) that are (radio)halogenated at the closo-carborane cluster are described. Radiohalogenated 3CTAs have the potential to be used in the radiotherapy and imaging of cancer because they may be selectively entrapped in tumor cells through monophosphorylation by human thymidine kinase 1 (hTK1). Two strategies for the synthesis of a (127)I-labeled form of a specific 3CTA, previously designated as N5, are described: (1) direct iodination of N5 with iodine monochloride and aluminum chloride to obtain N5-(127)I and (2) initial monoiodination of o-carborane to 9-iodo-o-carborane followed by its functionalization to N5-(127)I. The former strategy produced N5-(127)I in low yields along with di-, tri-, and tetraiodinated N5 as well as decomposition products, whereas the latter method produced only N5-(127)I in high yields. N5-(127)I was subjected to nucleophilic halogen- and isotope-exchange reactions using Na(79/81)Br and Na(125)I, respectively, in the presence of Herrmann's catalyst to obtain N5-(79/81)Br and N5-(125)I, respectively. Two intermediate products formed using the second strategy, 1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-9-iodo-o-carborane and 1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-12-iodo-o-carborane, were subjected to X-ray diffraction studies to confirm that substitution at a single carbon atom of 9-iodo-o-carborane resulted in the formation of two structural isomers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of halogen- and isotope-exchange reactions of B-halocarboranes that have been conjugated to a complex biomolecule. Human TK1 phosphorylation rates of N5, N5-(127)I, and N5-(79/81)Br ranged from 38.0% to 29.6% relative to that of thymidine, the endogenous hTK1 substrate. The in vitro uptake of N5, N5-(127)I, and N5-(79/81)Br in L929 TK1(+) cells was 2.0, 1.8, and 1.4 times greater than that in L929 TK1(-) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Tiwari
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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14
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Zhao LM, Zhang LM, Liu JJ, Wan LJ, Chen YQ, Zhang SQ, Yan ZW, Jiang JH. Synthesis and antitumor activity of conjugates of 5-Fluorouracil and emodin. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 47:255-60. [PMID: 22093761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of conjugates of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and emodin were synthesized by coupling trimethyl emodin with N(1), N(3) dialkylated 5-FU. The 5-FU moiety contained various substituents at the N(3)-position were linked to the 2-position of trimethyl emodin via a methylene linkage. Their cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines and one noncancerous cell were studied. The results revealed that some of conjugates exhibited better or comparable in vitro antitumor activity to 5-FU and emodin and low toxicity in the normal cell. The structure-activity relationship study showed N(3)-aromatic substituent was important for their cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China.
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Boncel S, Mączka M, Walczak KZ. Michael versus retro-Michael reaction in the regioselective synthesis of N-1 and N-3 uracil adducts. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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Paclitaxel C-10 carbamates: potential candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative tauopathies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3642-6. [PMID: 17485207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Revised: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of paclitaxel C-10 carbamates was synthesized and evaluated in a bi-directional permeability assay in comparison with paclitaxel and the blood-brain barrier-permeable C-10 ester derivative, TX-67. A number of the carbamates were found not to be substrates for Pgp. Moreover, when tested for Pgp-inhibitory potential, representative compounds proved to be devoid of Pgp interactions. Side-by-side comparison between TX-67 and the corresponding C-10 carbamate, CNDR-3, revealed a significantly longer half-life for CNDR-3 in both mouse and human plasma, suggesting that this class of derivatives is appropriate for further in vivo evaluation.
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Tjarks W, Tiwari R, Byun Y, Narayanasamy S, Barth RF. Carboranyl thymidine analogues for neutron capture therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:4978-91. [DOI: 10.1039/b707257k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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